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The Junction Diode
The Junction Diode

... low impedance path thereby producing a very small potential barrier and allowing high currents to flow. The point at which this takes place is represented on the static I-V characteristics curve above as the "knee" point. Forward Biased Junction Diode showing a Reduction in the Depletion Layer. ...
Minimization of the dc component in transformer less
Minimization of the dc component in transformer less

... network was the use of single of three phase centralized inverter, depending if the power were below or above 6 kW. In this configuration, the modules are connected in series to create strings with output voltage high enough to avoid an additional voltage boost stage. In order to obtain the desired ...
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TP4056
TP4056

... Vcc(Pin 4): Positive Input Supply Voltage VIN is the power supply to the internal circuit. When VIN drops to within 30mv of the BAT pin voltage, TP4056 enters low power sleep mode, dropping BAT pin’s current to less than 2uA. BAT(Pin5): Battery Connection Pin. Connect the positive terminal of the ba ...
HFE408x-321 Specification
HFE408x-321 Specification

ACS712
ACS712

AIEEE 2005 (Physics)
AIEEE 2005 (Physics)

Understanding Voltage-Reference Temperature Drift
Understanding Voltage-Reference Temperature Drift

... The MAX6033A serves as a good example of how the box method works. This device is specified as a 7ppm (max) reference over a temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. It's also worth noting that the MAX6033 is also specified over the wider -40°C to +125°C, which is why Figure 1 goes all the way to +125°C ...
Power quality: Innovation in harmonic filtering
Power quality: Innovation in harmonic filtering

SHO-ME® - SHO-ME Lights and Sirens
SHO-ME® - SHO-ME Lights and Sirens

fast pulser for high-altitude ignition research
fast pulser for high-altitude ignition research

... stage. In this equation, we assume that the load is a capacitor with a capacitance equal to the upstream capacitance; this gives an effective capacitance that is half that of a single capacitor. The approximation assumes that the saturated permeability of the core is given by the permeability of fre ...
Chapter 5 Low-Noise Design Methodology
Chapter 5 Low-Noise Design Methodology

From MARIC minutes of 22.11.2006
From MARIC minutes of 22.11.2006

... the pitfalls of non linear inductances and parallel resistors (PCS1-3). This took the best part of the time (because of the low threshold). PCS4 was the easiest step • We verified the absence of “very bad” (>>1μΩ) splices for the “priority 1” short list of circuits • Tolerances from cryogenics (almo ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
Paper Title (use style: paper title)

... (IGBTs) fabricated on wide epitaxial drift regions are desirable for pulsed-power and continuous power conversion systems due to their high avalanche breakdown voltages, as well as their ability to switch currents at fast repetition rates. For mobile platforms, the use of SiC-based electronics is ad ...
TPS79101-Q1 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
TPS79101-Q1 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... TPS791xx, is required for stability and to improve transient response, noise rejection, and ripple rejection. A higher-value electrolytic input capacitor may be necessary if large, fast-rise-time load transients are anticipated and the device is located several inches from the power source. Like all ...
A Single-chip Proportional to Absolute Temperature Sensor Using
A Single-chip Proportional to Absolute Temperature Sensor Using

... the design of a single-chip proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) sensor including a voltage reference circuit using CEDEC 0.18m CMOS Technology. It is a challenge to design asingle-chip wide range linear response temperature sensor for many applications. The channel widths between the compens ...
Active Pixel Sensors Fabricated in a Standard 0.18 um CMOS
Active Pixel Sensors Fabricated in a Standard 0.18 um CMOS

... to reduce pixel size, increase fill factor, and integrate more analog and digital circuitry with the sensor on the same chip. These benefits have been achieved with only minor modifications to standard CMOS processes aimed mainly at reducing their photodiode dark currents. Several studies1 have predict ...
working of the first stage
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senesky_law_ee290
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MS-Word File - Edward Bosworth, Ph.D.
MS-Word File - Edward Bosworth, Ph.D.

STT-1 Quick Start Guide
STT-1 Quick Start Guide

... keyboard, etc.). Mic, Line, and DI inputs all feed the same frontend amplifiers (selectable via switches as either vacuum tube or solid state, transformer-coupled or transformer-less). When used as a solid state amplifier, the circuit is essentially identical to the front-end found on Millennia’s HV ...
Near Infra-Red Light Detection Using Silicon Avalanche Photodiodes:
Near Infra-Red Light Detection Using Silicon Avalanche Photodiodes:

asynchronous analog-discrete converter using an analog signal
asynchronous analog-discrete converter using an analog signal

... implementation of a converter of analog signals into discrete signals of three levels, asynchronous, with sample frequency in the gigahertz band. To make possible the implementation of this converter, it was projected and also implemented an analog signals processor that functions stabilized round a ...
Originally posted on music-Electronics
Originally posted on music-Electronics

AD8013
AD8013

... oscillation. The general rule for current feedback amplifiers is that the higher the load capacitance, the higher the feedback resistor required for stable operation. Due to the high open-loop transresistance and low inverting input current of the AD8013, the use of a large feedback resistor does no ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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