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LM6125/LM6225/LM6325 High Speed Buffer
LM6125/LM6225/LM6325 High Speed Buffer

Electron Flow
Electron Flow

... • HIGH 14: Places I/O pin P14 High. This correlates to 5V or Vdd (digital 1). Current flows between P14 and Vss energizing the LED. • PAUSE 500: BASIC Stamp pauses operation for the ...
Introduction_Power_Supply-6-9-10
Introduction_Power_Supply-6-9-10

... usually one that supplies are very specific DC voltage. • A battery is a near perfect DC supply but it is used mainly in portable applications. • Most equipment uses an AC to DC power supply. • In most AC to DC supplies, the 120 volt AC line is first filtered then stepped up or down to the desired v ...
AD5203设计的8串白光LED驱动方案
AD5203设计的8串白光LED驱动方案

RT9363A - Richtek
RT9363A - Richtek

... To get the better performance of RT9363A, the selection of peripherally appropriate capacitor and value is very important. These capacitors determine some parameters such as input and output ripple, power efficiency, maximum supply current by charge pump, and start-up time. To reduce the input and o ...
Design and Analysis of High Gain CMOS Telescopic OTA in 180nm
Design and Analysis of High Gain CMOS Telescopic OTA in 180nm

... miniature devices, so it is a challenge to design a low power OTA. There is a trade-off between speed, gain and power for an OTA design since these parameters are contradicting each other. There are mainly four different types of OTAs: two stage OTAs, folded-cascode OTAs, telescopic OTAs, flavours o ...
ACCURATE DIGITAL THREE-PHASE ELECTRICITY METER AND GENERATOR Branislav Lojko
ACCURATE DIGITAL THREE-PHASE ELECTRICITY METER AND GENERATOR Branislav Lojko

... frequency spectra. Its accuracy is better than 0.05%. The instrument can be also used as a generator of three-phase voltage and current signals with selectable phase shifts and higher harmonic components. Four main error sources in digital sampling electricity meters, namely errors of the analogue i ...
Chapter 1: Overview of Mechatronics Systems Engineering
Chapter 1: Overview of Mechatronics Systems Engineering

... forward voltage drop and a very fast switching action. A typical application is discharge-protection for solar cells connected to lead-acid batteries. While standard silicon diodes have a forward voltage drop of about 0.6 V, Schottky diodes have a drop of only about 0.3 V. This is due to the higher ...
NM485SLC - power, Murata
NM485SLC - power, Murata

VNQ860-E
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... where -IGND is the DC reverse ground pin current and can be found in the absolute maximum rating section of the device datasheet. The power dissipation associated to RGNG during reverse polarity condition is: PD = (-VCC)2/RGND This resistor can be shared by several different ICs. In such case IS val ...
Wizard Test Maker
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... If voltmeter V1 reads 3 volts and voltmeter V2 reads 4 volts, what is the potential drop across resistor R3? ...
PHYS 100 Introductory Physics Laboratory V_F02
PHYS 100 Introductory Physics Laboratory V_F02

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OPA604 FET-Input, Low Distortion OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER FEATURES
OPA604 FET-Input, Low Distortion OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER FEATURES

... than normally produced by the op amp. The addition of R3 to the otherwise standard noninverting amplifier configuration alters the feedback factor or noise gain of the circuit. The closed-loop gain is unchanged, but the feedback available for error correction is reduced by a factor of 101. This exte ...
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Project: sun tracker

Sub-1.0 pF Quad ESD Array
Sub-1.0 pF Quad ESD Array

... present when discrete diodes are used to suppress ESD events across datalines and the supply rail. Discrete diodes with good transient power capability will have larger die and therefore higher capacitance. This capacitance becomes problematic as transmission frequencies increase. Reducing capacitan ...
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... Exceeding maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Operation between operating range maximum and absolute maximum for extended periods may reduce device reliability. Absolute maximum ratings are stress figures only and functional operation under these conditions is not implied. ...
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4CX400A Russian Tubes for the MLA-2500 Amplifier By: B.
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View Detail

... The holding current is defined as the minimum value of anode current below which it must fall to for turning off the thyristor. 11. What is a snubber circuit? It consists of a series combination of a resistor and a capacitor in parallel with the thyristors. It is mainly used for dv / dt protection. ...
2615 4 Point Probe App Note.indd
2615 4 Point Probe App Note.indd

... For best results when reproducing this test setup, a line frequency test signal of 60Hz (or 50Hz) from the Model 6221 AC and DC Current Source should be used. Either the Model 2000 DMM or the Model 6514 Electrometer can measure the DC voltage drop. The voltmeter’s integration time should be set to 1 ...
Circuits - River Dell Regional School District
Circuits - River Dell Regional School District

... Conceptual Example 11 A Three-Way Light Bulb and Parallel Wiring Within the bulb there are two separate filaments. When one burns out, the bulb can produce only one level of illumination, but not the highest. Are the filaments connected in series or parallel? ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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