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EET 165
EET 165

The Input Bias Current
The Input Bias Current

... However, we will find that there is an additional strategy for minimizing the effects of input bias currents! ...
Lock-in amplifiers
Lock-in amplifiers

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Most useful circuits are more complicated than the simple circuits we

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LMV851/LMV852/LMV854 8 MHz Low Power

... Electrical table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. Factory testing conditions result in very limited self-heating of the device. Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are specified through correlations usin ...
Brochure
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Techniques For Implementing A Positive And Negative Output
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... Techniques For Implementing A Positive And Negative Output Voltage For Industrial And Medical Equipment by Rich Nowakowski, Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas Many analog circuits in industrial and medical applications require both positive and negative supply voltages to operate. If a negative supply ...
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... groundplane under the LM111 circuitry, for example, one side of a double-layer circuit card. Ground foil (or, positive supply or negative supply foil) should extend between the output and the inputs, to act as a guard. The foil connections for the inputs should be as small and compact as possible, a ...
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... Diode bridge off. Capacitor discharging into load. ...
dc transient analysis
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... Any first – order circuit can be reduced to a Thévenin (or Norton) equivalent connected to either a single equivalent inductor or capacitor. RTh ...
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... operate from input voltages as low as 1.425V and are able to deliver up to 4A of continuous output current with a typical dropout voltage of only 100mV. The output voltage is adjustable from 0.5V to VIN - 0.2V. Designed with an internal p-channel MOSFET pass transistor, the MAX8556/MAX8557 maintain ...
AN-556 Introduction to Power Supplies
AN-556 Introduction to Power Supplies

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... power transformer is designed to handle a lot more current than you actually need. The low power-factor caused by using a huge reservoir capacitor can cause a 'borderline' transforer to overheat! If using a valve rectifier you MUST check the data sheet to see if the value of capacitor is allowable ...
Lab#6-Ammeter
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... The D'Arsonval movement is the key component that allows us to build an analog voltmeter and ammeter. This movement contains a coil and magnet that sense current flowing through the movement. When current flows through the movement, the indicator needle moves. The amount of current required to make ...
EMF and Terminal P.D.
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... When a battery is discharging, there is a GAIN in energy E as chemical energy is converted to electrical energy. At the same time, energy is LOST through internal resistance Ir. ...
INTRODUCTION Power system harmonic
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... harmonics at the common bus. For cancellation to occur, the non-linear loads must be operated simultaneously and have similar characteristics. One cost-effective implementation of this concept uses delta-wye isolation transformers - on a few large VFDs, while using smaller and less costly line react ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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