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ETU-LINK Product Specification - ETU
ETU-LINK Product Specification - ETU

... input and receiver output impedance is 100 Ohms differential. Data lines are internally AC coupled. The module provides differential termination and reduce differential to common mode conversion for quality signal termination and low EMI. SFI typically operates over 200 mm of improved FR4 material o ...
Power Input to a Source
Power Input to a Source

Electronics IEEE Projects
Electronics IEEE Projects

Higher Physics: Monitoring and measuring alternating current
Higher Physics: Monitoring and measuring alternating current

$doc.title

... Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable f ...
Active Power Factor Correction Project - Mustafa`s E
Active Power Factor Correction Project - Mustafa`s E

EEE 102 Analog/Digital Electronics
EEE 102 Analog/Digital Electronics

Linear Circuit Experiment MAE 171a
Linear Circuit Experiment MAE 171a

... In audio applications, signal conditioning by means of amplification, mixing (adding) and filtering mainly focuses on low-power signals composed primarily of frequencies between 20 Hertz to 20k Hertz (the human range of hearing). These low-power signals typically need to be amplified to a level suit ...
Power Point Slides
Power Point Slides

... For the original “common base” circuit the ratio of collected current to emitted current was measured. This is called Alpha. Values have improved to well over 0.99 (always less than 1). However normally we quote the current gain, called Beta. Beta = Collector current / Base current ...
TLP3306
TLP3306

TPS51117 Single Synchronous Step-Down
TPS51117 Single Synchronous Step-Down

Documentation for GAIN setup
Documentation for GAIN setup

... The program apd_TEST_V3.vi is the current version used to measure all apds for gain. It measures gain for 20 apds automatically and saves data in ascii text files on the local hard drive and also the cristal database. Typical settings on the front panel can be seen in the figure below. With these se ...
the design and construction of an electrophoresis machine
the design and construction of an electrophoresis machine

LM117/LM317A/LM317 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator General Description
LM117/LM317A/LM317 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator General Description

Advanced Applications of Current Conveyors: A Tutorial
Advanced Applications of Current Conveyors: A Tutorial

... [4]. A CC can have two or more output ports, which can independently sink or source currents. Such a CC is known as multi port CC. A multi port CC with both types of output ports (positive as well as negative), is known as composite port CCII. Quiescent current based classification Similar to the cl ...
Thevenin and Norton “Equivalent” Circuits
Thevenin and Norton “Equivalent” Circuits

... Why do we need them? • Circuit “simplification” ...
MAX1973/MAX1974 Smallest 1A, 1.4MHz Step-Down Regulators General Description Features
MAX1973/MAX1974 Smallest 1A, 1.4MHz Step-Down Regulators General Description Features

... The input voltage range is 2.6V to 5.5V. The output voltage is selectable to one of two presets, or adjustable by using a resistor-divider. The output voltage of the MAX1973 is preset to 1.8V or 2.5V by connecting FBSEL to GND or IN, respectively. The MAX1974 is preset to 1.0V or 1.5V by connecting ...
How to select a VFD
How to select a VFD

Step-Down DC-to-DC Controller ADP1821  FEATURES
Step-Down DC-to-DC Controller ADP1821 FEATURES

Typical Factory Test Procedures for Medium
Typical Factory Test Procedures for Medium

... 2. A “HI-POT” dielectric withstand test is performed on all buswork and power cables from phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground (except solid-state components, low voltage controls, and instrument transformers). The voltage level that is used for this test depends on the nominal AC voltage of the produ ...
LM117/LM317A/LM317 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator
LM117/LM317A/LM317 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator

... the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Most 10 µF capacitors have low enough internal series resistance to deliver 20A spikes when shorted. Although the surge is short, there is enough energy to damage parts of the IC. When an output capacitor is connected to ...
Light sensor : processing signal circuit design - e
Light sensor : processing signal circuit design - e

Section G7: Computer Simulation of Op-Amp Circuits
Section G7: Computer Simulation of Op-Amp Circuits

Input-current-shaper based on a modified SEPIC
Input-current-shaper based on a modified SEPIC

... [IO]) how VCl can be determined numerically. By using (1) and (2) one can determine Vc, as a hnction of the ratio LI to L2, the input voltage and a given output voltage. The ratio of L1 to L2 should be chosen so that the maximum voltage level applied to C1 and Q1 in Fig.2 is below the desired level. ...
REC15_AL / REC25_AL
REC15_AL / REC25_AL

... Tavrida Electric's light weight vacuum circuit breaker and robust aluminum tank result in a total weight of 68 kg for OSM15 rated 15.5 kV and 72 kg for OSM25 rated 27 kV, making it the most lightweight outdoor switching module on the market. As a result, shipment, handling, installation and commissi ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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