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Sensors and Vision - Franklin High School
Sensors and Vision - Franklin High School

... four or more, to give each position of the encoder its own unique binary address. • When using these encoders, the robot knows where the motor is at any given point. • These encoders cost more, have more internal parts, and require more of the controller’s processing power. ...
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... 1MHz, 2A, 2.6V to 5.5V Input, PWM DC-DC Step-Down Regulator with Enable The MAX1951A high-efficiency, DC-DC step-down switching regulator delivers up to 2A of output current. The device operates from an input voltage range of 2.6V to 5.5V and provides an adjustable output voltage from 0.8V to VIN, m ...
TSB31-B Errata - Telecommunications Industry Association
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... The characteristic of the dc battery source applied by the VoIP analog telephone port to the T&R leads shall result in a loop current within the range of 20 to 140 mA being delivered into a load connected across the interface leads, having a load resistance that falls within the combined acceptable ...
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... The MAX1733/MAX1734 use a proprietary, current-limited control scheme to ensure high-efficiency, fast transient response, and physically small external components. This control scheme is simple: when the output voltage is out of regulation, the error comparator begins a switching cycle by turning on ...
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... the columns of poly-silicon LCD panels of the type popularized for use in data projectors. It comprises six channels of precision 10-bit digital-to-analog converters loaded from a single, high speed, 10-bit parallel input. Precision current feedback amplifiers providing well-damped pulse responses a ...
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... What will signal look like? • If you have a sinusoidal signal that repeats every half millisecond - a frequency of 2kHz - you would get a picture like this one. • It would appear to be stationary on the oscilloscope screen, but it really isn't. It's just that it repeats so frequently that you see i ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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