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General-Purpose Inverters and Servo Systems
General-Purpose Inverters and Servo Systems

Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures

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... Converter instability due to too small output capacitance can happen with various converter types, including Buck, Boost and LDO, so when using MLCC capacitors in these applications, be sure to check the actual capacitance at the operating conditions. But there are also other cases where converter i ...
ST7LNB1Y0
ST7LNB1Y0

... 2. The divider chain connected to the DRX1 pins must have the following resistance values: 330 KΩ and 100 KΩ. 3. Unused I2C lines (SCL2,SDA2) have to be linked to VCC through 12 KΩ resistors. 4. RTA-STB: Remote Tuning Able Set Top Box (STB supporting SaTCR control). 5. The transistor is optional, it ...
branch equations
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... instructions for each branch and node, or in the case of a load flow calculation, for each bus and transmission line. An input program is available for this purpose. If the connection diagram is large, calculation results may be hard or impossible to read on the graphical output after the necessary ...
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... status of the equipment in which the integrated circuits will be used is unknown to the manufacturer, having any of the following: a. More than 1,500 terminals; b. A typical "basic gate propagation delay time" of less than 0.02 ns; or c. An operating frequency exceeding 3 GHz; 11. Digital integrated ...
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... Pre-conditioning of the epoxy components: The experimental investigations referred in earlier literature show^ that within one hour of moisturing time the values of loss factor and leakage current attain stabilization. Based on this the samples were conditioned in the humidity chamber for three hour ...
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... CMOS process and a novel architecture to achieve the resolution and speed of existing hybrid and monolithic implementations at a fraction of the power consumption and cost. Each device is a complete, monolithic ADC with an on-chip, high performance, low noise sample-and-hold amplifier and programmab ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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