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LM60 2.7V, SOT-23 or TO-92 Temperature Sensor (Rev. D)
LM60 2.7V, SOT-23 or TO-92 Temperature Sensor (Rev. D)

... Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and +6.25 mV/°C times the device's case temperature plus 424 mV, at specified conditions of voltage, current, and temperature (expressed in °C). Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from th ...
02_ELC4345_Fall2013_Diode_Bridge_Rectifier
02_ELC4345_Fall2013_Diode_Bridge_Rectifier

... One pulse of the AC current passes through each diode pair. In the example shown above, the peak of the voltage pulse across the 0.01Ω current shunt is 238mV, corresponding to 0.238V÷0.01 = 23.8A. The conduction time is 4.68ms. Because the pulse is approximately triangular, the average value during ...
Experiment 6: Frequency Modulation (FM), Generation and Detection
Experiment 6: Frequency Modulation (FM), Generation and Detection

... In experiment #6, you will build an FM optical link using the Agilent 3316 LED and a Radio-Shack phototransistor. The transmit portion of the link is composed of the LM 566C voltage-to-frequency converter with a triangular output waveform. The center frequency is set to 100 KHz. The LM 566 output is ...
v. amplifier design
v. amplifier design

... digitally programmable from 35.09 dB to 62.55 dB by using 6 bits digital input. EEG input signals are of the range of few micro-voltage. Hence a high gain operational transconductance amplifier with gain of 62.83 dB is designed. Two 22:1 multiplexers with 5 selection lines are used in this design fo ...
LM3914 data sheet
LM3914 data sheet

... In order for the display to make sense when multiple LM3914s are cascaded in dot mode, special circuitry has been included to shut off LED No. 10 of the first device when LED No. 1 of the second device comes on. The connection for cascading in dot mode has already been described and is depicted belo ...
A Current Compensated Transformer for Measurement of Large AC
A Current Compensated Transformer for Measurement of Large AC

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... Module for 7.2-volt portable radios that operate in the 806 to 870-MHz range. The battery can be connected directly to the drain of the enhancement-mode MOSFET transistors. Without the gate voltage (VGG=0V), only a small leakage current flows into the drain and the RF input signal attenuates up to 6 ...
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ADI Water Analysis Solution for pH Meters and Conductivity Meters
ADI Water Analysis Solution for pH Meters and Conductivity Meters

... Conductivity is a measure of the total concentration of ions in solution which can be achieved by applying alternating current. This current forces the ions to flow forth and back to produce alternating potential between conductivity electrodes. The conductivity meter measures the voltage with two n ...
Real Time Voltage and Current Phase Shift Analyzer for Power
Real Time Voltage and Current Phase Shift Analyzer for Power

The Concept of Structural Health Monitoring
The Concept of Structural Health Monitoring

... When this occurs, the average movements may give a zero output. This effect, called the Aperture Effect, has been carefully measured and theoretically modeled. For an element larger than the wavelengths of interest, the sensitivity will vary with the properties of the test material, depending on fre ...
ACOK MAX1508/MAX1508Y/MAX1508Z Linear Li+ Battery Charger with Integrated Pass FET, Thermal Regulation, and
ACOK MAX1508/MAX1508Y/MAX1508Z Linear Li+ Battery Charger with Integrated Pass FET, Thermal Regulation, and

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ROLE OF VACUUM GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER IN

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AND8230/D Application Hints for Transient Voltage Suppression Diode Circuits

Gage Installation Tester Model 1300
Gage Installation Tester Model 1300

On-Line Measurement of Equivalent Parameters for Harmonic
On-Line Measurement of Equivalent Parameters for Harmonic

presentation - Mrs-oc
presentation - Mrs-oc

... Resistors – An electrical device that resists the flow of current (electrons) though it. Resistance is measured in ohms (). A 500  resistor provides more resistance than a 100  resistor, so less current flows through the device (given the same voltage). Note that resistors are not polarized like ...
LT1800 - 80MHz, 25V/µs Low Power Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Precision Op Amp
LT1800 - 80MHz, 25V/µs Low Power Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Precision Op Amp

... The LT®1800 is a low power, high speed rail-to-rail input and output operational amplifier with excellent DC performance. The LT1800 features reduced supply current, lower input offset voltage, lower input bias current and higher DC gain than other devices with comparable bandwidth. The LT1800 has an ...
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... are random vectors, not just single variables, which means the elements of a random vector are closely related to the others. Thus, we assume the dependency between the elements of a source vector. In  this manner, we define dependence between vectors as Kullback‐Leibler divergence between the total ...
PAM2306 Description Features Pin Assignments Applications
PAM2306 Description Features Pin Assignments Applications

... low ESR make them ideal for switching regulator applications. Using ceramic capacitors can achieve very low output ripple and small circuit size. When choosing the input and output ceramic capacitors, choose the X5R or X7R dielectric formulations. These dielectrics have the best temperature and volt ...
excitation systems
excitation systems

... Figure 8.14 illustrates the nature of these functions and the manner in which they interface with each other  any given system may include only some or all of these functions depending on the specific application and the type of exciter  control functions regulate specific quantities at the desire ...
Audio Power Amplifier
Audio Power Amplifier

... thermal resistance, θSA, the equation for power dissipation can be used, • θSA = [(TJmax - TAmb)-PDmax(θJC+θCS)]/Pdmax • θSA = [(150°C - 50°C)-31.03(0.8+0.2)]/31.03 = 2.22 • θSA = 2.22°C/W for worst case ambient temp of 50ºC ...
LM122 LM322 LM3905 Precision Timers
LM122 LM322 LM3905 Precision Timers

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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