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Genetics Protocol
Genetics Protocol

... To learn more about how genetic traits are inherited, we will consider a specific example -the gene that controls whether or not a person can produce the pigment melanin which contributes to the color of skin, eyes and hair. Some people have the hereditary condition, albinism; they are not able to p ...
Essential Biology 04: Genetics (HL) DNA structure review: draw and
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... When Mendel came upon his law of independent assortment, he was studying sweet pea colour and shape. These traits are carried on separate chromosomes. The colour yellow (Y) is dominant over green (y). Smooth peas (S) are dominant over rough (s). What are the possible genotypes for the following phen ...
The first page should show the paper title, names and addresses of
The first page should show the paper title, names and addresses of

... Zlotina et al. 2010). When chicken BAC probes were applied to quail LBCs, despite the differences in centromere positions, the gene order identified by FISH on CCO4 was the same as the gene order on GGA4 (Galkina et al. 2006). Thus, the high-resolution mapping did not confirm the pericentric inversi ...
Genetic Inheritance - leavingcertbiology.net
Genetic Inheritance - leavingcertbiology.net

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13 Patterns of Inheritance Concept Outline 13.1 Mendel solved the mystery of heredity.
13 Patterns of Inheritance Concept Outline 13.1 Mendel solved the mystery of heredity.

... contain both male and female sex organs. Furthermore, the gametes produced by the male and female parts of the same flower, unlike those of many flowering plants, can fuse to form viable offspring. Fertilization takes place automatically within an individual flower if it is not disturbed, resulting ...
Genotypes and Phenotypes
Genotypes and Phenotypes

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CHAPTER 14: DNA: THE GENETIC MATERIAL
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CHAPTER 13 Gene Mapping in Eukaryotes
CHAPTER 13 Gene Mapping in Eukaryotes

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CS2001418
CS2001418

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persist. Fruit flies, on the other hand, models of speciation, genetic
persist. Fruit flies, on the other hand, models of speciation, genetic

... plays a role in their transcription regulation but likely this regulation only applies to specific inducible genes when expressed under certain physiological conditions. The interphase eukaryotic nucleus contains the genetic material organized into chromosomes and different subnuclear compartments k ...
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Report Distinct Dynamics of HISTONE3 Variants

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... attended by 70 scientists from 11 countries. The outcome was the creation of a 10 year vision for research in the family Solanaceae referred to as “ The International Solanaceae Genome Project or SOL”. SOL, which includes sequencing the tomato genome, will create a worldwide research and information ...
Genetics - gcaramsbiology
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Commonly Used STR Markers
Commonly Used STR Markers

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... traits than females  Only females can be carriers of X-linked recessive traits. ...
Cosmid walking and chromosome jumping in the region of PKD1
Cosmid walking and chromosome jumping in the region of PKD1

... from the distal 26.6-hybridizing locus contain candidate sequences for the PKD1 gene. These cosmids were found to contain two CpG islands that are likely markers for transcribed regions. A third CpG island was detected and cloned by directional chromosome jumping. INTRODUCTION Autosomal dominant pol ...
The 2013 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal Thomas Douglas
The 2013 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal Thomas Douglas

... the entire yeast genome (St Charles et al. 2012). As in Tom’s prior studies, recent results from his lab are shifting basic paradigms of mitotic recombination and chromosome stability. It appears, for example, that most mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes is initiated by doublestran ...
Merotelic kinetochore orientation occurs frequently during early
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Les métaux ou les non-métaux
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Name:___________________________     Date: ____________Period:_____
Name:___________________________ Date: ____________Period:_____

Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA Technology

... a. High copy number in E. coli, with nearly a hundred copies per cell, provides a good yield of cloned DNA. b. Its selectable marker is ampR. c. It has a cluster of unique restriction sites, called the polylinker (multiple cloning site). d. The polylinker is part of the lacZ (β-galactosidase) gene. ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... particular trait through several generations ...
< 1 ... 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 ... 538 >

Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
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