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vocab-genetics - WordPress.com
vocab-genetics - WordPress.com

... Define the term mutation and identify ways in which mutations may affect an organism. 10 Differentiate between the effect of gametic and somatic mutations 11 Describe the principles of dihybrid inheritance patterns and use these to predict the outcome of dihybrid inheritance problems. 12 Use core kn ...
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03-Heredity & Environment

... • D. Want Matt to become outgoing with people, so you concentrate on a few new situations or people, and repeatedly expose Matt to them as often as he will tolerate it. ...
Genetics - msamandakeller
Genetics - msamandakeller

... 11. What is the overall purpose of mitotic cell division? How does it compare to a meiotic cell division? 12. State the phase of mitotic cell division in which each of the following occurs: a. Chromosomes align at the equator. b. A new nucleus forms around two sets of chromosomes c. Spindle fibres f ...
Meiosis/Crossing Over - Peoria Public Schools
Meiosis/Crossing Over - Peoria Public Schools

Designer Genes - Heredity
Designer Genes - Heredity

... Linkage – genes on the same chromosome inherited as a group Sex-linkage – genes on sex chromosomes (esp. X) Y-chromosome shorter – some genes from X missing X-linked traits more common in men Men get X-chromosome from mom Red-green colorblindness, hemophilia ...
Sex-linked Inheritance - CK
Sex-linked Inheritance - CK

... What determines if a baby is a male or female? Recall that you have 23 pairs of chromosomes—and one of those pairs is the sex chromosomes. Everyone has two sex chromosomes. Your sex chromosomes can be X or Y. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome ...
14.2 Human Genetic Disorders
14.2 Human Genetic Disorders

... for a membrane-transport protein causes this protein to produce dry earwax instead of wet earwax. – There is a direct connection between molecule and trait, and between genotype and phenotype. In other words, there is a molecular basis for ...
Review Questions - effinghamschools.com
Review Questions - effinghamschools.com

... Protein ...
14.2 Human Genetic Disorders
14.2 Human Genetic Disorders

... for a membrane-transport protein causes this protein to produce dry earwax instead of wet earwax. – There is a direct connection between molecule and trait, and between genotype and phenotype. In other words, there is a molecular basis for ...
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... • Involves two parents • Each parent makes reproductive cells - called gametes ...
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Radiation.ppt - 123seminarsonly.com
Radiation.ppt - 123seminarsonly.com

... Chromosomes are the organized form of DNA found in cells. Chromosomes contain one very long, continuous piece of DNA, which contains many genes, regulatory elements and other intervening nucleotide sequences. A broader definition of "chromosome" also includes the DNA-bound proteins which serve to pa ...
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Human Genetics

... = all the genes possessed by an organism most organisms are diploid: have a pair of each kind of chromosome = homologous chromosomes and therefore a pair of each kind of gene each pair of a gene = allele alleles don’t need to be identical in diploid cells: the simplest genotype is a single pair of a ...
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... soil may affect it and it may die • Phototropism – growing towards light • Higher concentrations of plant hormones cause shoot cells to grow faster on the shady side. ...
3rd Quarter Biology Assessment
3rd Quarter Biology Assessment

... d. all of the above normally occur e. none of the above normally occur 30) The process in meiosis that involves the exchange of gene segments on homologous chromosomes and increases genetic variability is known as: a. crossing over b. cloning c. mutation d.replication 31) What type of cells can dif ...
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/14/00 NAME
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/14/00 NAME

... 30. A person born with an inherited predisposition to cancer usually does not develop cancer until after A. B. C. D. ...
genetic disorder
genetic disorder

... Studying Human Genetics Studying Human Genetics is much more complicated than using other model systems (e.g. Pea Plants) ...
Supplementary Document
Supplementary Document

... A whole-genome analysis of the lung cancer example. Supplementary Figure 1 presents whole-genome results. The cluster separability measure in Supplementary Figure 1A suggests a 3-cluster solution under the non-sparse model. Supplementary Figure 1C shows heatmaps with samples arranged under the 3-clu ...
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The nucleus

... extends into the nucleoplasm, and a series of filamentous extensions that reach into the cytoplasm. Both structures serve to mediate binding to nuclear transport proteins Most proteins, ribosomal subunits, and some RNAs are transported through the pore complexes in a process mediated by a family of ...
B1 – You and your genes
B1 – You and your genes

... 22. What is a ‘recessive allele’? _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 23. If you are homozygous recessive for a gene, what type of alleles do you carry? _____________________________________________________ ...
Designer Genes - Heredity
Designer Genes - Heredity

... Linkage – genes on the same chromosome inherited as a group Sex-linkage – genes on sex chromosomes (esp. X) Y-chromosome shorter – some genes from X missing X-linked traits more common in men Men get X-chromosome from mom Red-green colorblindness, hemophilia ...
4mb ppt
4mb ppt

... chromosomes and telomeres where they are thought to participate in the structure of these specialized regions of chromosomes. ...
BCPS Biology Reteaching Guide Genetics Vocab Chart
BCPS Biology Reteaching Guide Genetics Vocab Chart

Ch 13 Meiosis - Wild about Bio
Ch 13 Meiosis - Wild about Bio

... Two, each including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase ...
6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis
6.1 Chromosomes and Meiosis

... Somatic (body) cells are Diploid (2n) cells have two copies of every chromosome (23 from mom, 23 from dad) for a total of 46 chromosomes ...
< 1 ... 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 ... 538 >

Chromosome



A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.
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