File - Mrs. Harlin`s Website
... 1. The rule of unit factors: what Mendel called factor, we call a gene. Genes are located on chromosomes in cells. Different forms of a gene are called alleles. Example: the gene for height could have alleles ...
... 1. The rule of unit factors: what Mendel called factor, we call a gene. Genes are located on chromosomes in cells. Different forms of a gene are called alleles. Example: the gene for height could have alleles ...
Name: : ___________Period
... through families called ______________________? 9. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called _________? 10. Traits that are inherited with sex chromosomes are ________ 11. An organism receives chromosomes from __________ 12. Characteristics of an organism are called _________________ ...
... through families called ______________________? 9. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called _________? 10. Traits that are inherited with sex chromosomes are ________ 11. An organism receives chromosomes from __________ 12. Characteristics of an organism are called _________________ ...
Mutations and Genetic Disease Most genetic diseases are caused
... chains of animo acids, the alpha and beta chain.] This image and caption from The Book of Man by Walter Bodmer and Robin McKie. The type of mutation exemplified in sickle cell anemia is called a substitution, because one nucleotide base is substituted for another. Other types of mutations include in ...
... chains of animo acids, the alpha and beta chain.] This image and caption from The Book of Man by Walter Bodmer and Robin McKie. The type of mutation exemplified in sickle cell anemia is called a substitution, because one nucleotide base is substituted for another. Other types of mutations include in ...
Example Dihybrid Cross
... genes into gametes. Linked Genes- genes located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together. The alleles do not assort independently. Sex linked genes- genes located on a sex chromosome (e.g. white eyes in Drosophila) Crossing over- reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non-sister ...
... genes into gametes. Linked Genes- genes located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together. The alleles do not assort independently. Sex linked genes- genes located on a sex chromosome (e.g. white eyes in Drosophila) Crossing over- reciprocal exchange of genetic material between non-sister ...
Practice Test - Cardinal Newman High School
... Asexual reproduction can occur by mitosis. Binary fission is a form of sexual reproduction in bacteria. Human sperm and egg cells have 23 chromosomes. Trisomy is the addition or removal of a single nitrogen-containing base. During telophase, a nuclear envelope usually surrounds each new set of chrom ...
... Asexual reproduction can occur by mitosis. Binary fission is a form of sexual reproduction in bacteria. Human sperm and egg cells have 23 chromosomes. Trisomy is the addition or removal of a single nitrogen-containing base. During telophase, a nuclear envelope usually surrounds each new set of chrom ...
Document
... 8. What ends the cell division process where one cell splits from the sister cell? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Some cells divide rapidly. Example? _____________________________________________________ Some cells do no ...
... 8. What ends the cell division process where one cell splits from the sister cell? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Some cells divide rapidly. Example? _____________________________________________________ Some cells do no ...
Chapter 12: Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics
... – Genes found on the X chromosome are X-linked genes. – A sex-linked trait is a trait whose allele is located on a sex chromosome. – Because males have only one X chromosome, a male who carries a recessive allele on the X chromosome will exhibit the sex-linked trait. ...
... – Genes found on the X chromosome are X-linked genes. – A sex-linked trait is a trait whose allele is located on a sex chromosome. – Because males have only one X chromosome, a male who carries a recessive allele on the X chromosome will exhibit the sex-linked trait. ...
Portfolio 4 Index
... b- Will have no effect on the organism’s phenotype c- Will produce a positive change. d- May have an effect on the organism’s phenotype. 9- Cystic fibrosis is caused by a- Nondisjunction of an autosome b- A change of three base pairs in DNA c- Nondisjunction of a sex chromosome d- Deletion of an ent ...
... b- Will have no effect on the organism’s phenotype c- Will produce a positive change. d- May have an effect on the organism’s phenotype. 9- Cystic fibrosis is caused by a- Nondisjunction of an autosome b- A change of three base pairs in DNA c- Nondisjunction of a sex chromosome d- Deletion of an ent ...
Chromosomes in prokaryotes
... In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. Chromosomes may exist as either duplicated or unduplicated—unduplicated chromosome is linear DNA molecule, whereas duplicated chromosome contains two copies of DNA joined by a centromere. In prok ...
... In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins into a condensed structure called chromatin. Chromosomes may exist as either duplicated or unduplicated—unduplicated chromosome is linear DNA molecule, whereas duplicated chromosome contains two copies of DNA joined by a centromere. In prok ...
1. An example of a genotype is… 2. How are genes, chromosomes
... boy, carrier female, marriage, and death? What does it mean to be a carrier? 4. What is the genotype for a male with colorblindness? 5. What is the phenotype of the animal on pages 366-367? 6. What is the haploid number of a human gamete? 7. What is the diploid number of a human cell? 8. How do you ...
... boy, carrier female, marriage, and death? What does it mean to be a carrier? 4. What is the genotype for a male with colorblindness? 5. What is the phenotype of the animal on pages 366-367? 6. What is the haploid number of a human gamete? 7. What is the diploid number of a human cell? 8. How do you ...
Mitosis & Meiosis Ch11
... clusters of chromosomes have formed, each containing one member of each pair of homologues. The daughter nuclei are therefore haploid. Cytokines commonly occurs at this stage. There is little or no interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II ...
... clusters of chromosomes have formed, each containing one member of each pair of homologues. The daughter nuclei are therefore haploid. Cytokines commonly occurs at this stage. There is little or no interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II ...
BL414 Genetics Spring 2006 page Test 3
... one X chromosome to be inactivated in every cell of a female. The paternal or maternal X chromosome is randomly inactivated. All descendants of the embryonic cells keep the same X chromosome inactivated. X-inactivation initiates on the chromosome at the XIC – “X-inactivation center” and the chromoso ...
... one X chromosome to be inactivated in every cell of a female. The paternal or maternal X chromosome is randomly inactivated. All descendants of the embryonic cells keep the same X chromosome inactivated. X-inactivation initiates on the chromosome at the XIC – “X-inactivation center” and the chromoso ...
Genetic variation
... Aneuploidy – the chromosome number is not an exact multiple of the haploid number e.g. trisomy Polyploidy – if a diploid gamete is fertilized by a haploid gamete, the resulting zygote will be triploid. The fusion of 2 diploid gametes leads to a tetraploid zygote. Many cultivated plants are polyp ...
... Aneuploidy – the chromosome number is not an exact multiple of the haploid number e.g. trisomy Polyploidy – if a diploid gamete is fertilized by a haploid gamete, the resulting zygote will be triploid. The fusion of 2 diploid gametes leads to a tetraploid zygote. Many cultivated plants are polyp ...
Keystone Review Packet
... Homologous chromosomes line up in middle of cell Final chromosome # is the same as the parent cell Diploid cells result at end Homologous chromosomes assort independently Tetrads form DNA is replicated Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles Cytokinesis begins Cells are genetically different Spindle f ...
... Homologous chromosomes line up in middle of cell Final chromosome # is the same as the parent cell Diploid cells result at end Homologous chromosomes assort independently Tetrads form DNA is replicated Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles Cytokinesis begins Cells are genetically different Spindle f ...
Chapter 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance
... The large, complex chromosomes of eukaryotes duplicate with each cell division. Whereas a typical bacterium might have 3,000 genes, human cells, for example, have 50,000100,000 (recent evidence shows that there may be as few as 26,000 to 30,000 genes in humans). A gene is a discrete unit of heredita ...
... The large, complex chromosomes of eukaryotes duplicate with each cell division. Whereas a typical bacterium might have 3,000 genes, human cells, for example, have 50,000100,000 (recent evidence shows that there may be as few as 26,000 to 30,000 genes in humans). A gene is a discrete unit of heredita ...
Biology Keystone Review Packet This packet contains information to
... Homologous chromosomes line up in middle of cell Final chromosome # is the same as the parent cell Diploid cells result at end Homologous chromosomes assort independently Tetrads form DNA is replicated Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles Cytokinesis begins Cells are genetically different Spindle f ...
... Homologous chromosomes line up in middle of cell Final chromosome # is the same as the parent cell Diploid cells result at end Homologous chromosomes assort independently Tetrads form DNA is replicated Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles Cytokinesis begins Cells are genetically different Spindle f ...
genetic disorders
... A. Jacob syndrome occurs in 1/ 1,000 births. These XYY (an extra male chromosome) males are usually taller than average, suffer from persistent acne, and tend to have speech and reading problems. At one time, it was suggested that these men were likely to be criminally aggressive, but it has since ...
... A. Jacob syndrome occurs in 1/ 1,000 births. These XYY (an extra male chromosome) males are usually taller than average, suffer from persistent acne, and tend to have speech and reading problems. At one time, it was suggested that these men were likely to be criminally aggressive, but it has since ...
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... 1. What are the two major groups of cell types in the human body? _______________________________________________________________ 2. Where are gametes located? _______________________________________________________________ 3. How many chromosomes are in a typical human body cell? __________________ ...
... 1. What are the two major groups of cell types in the human body? _______________________________________________________________ 2. Where are gametes located? _______________________________________________________________ 3. How many chromosomes are in a typical human body cell? __________________ ...
Differentiation in Germline Cells
... form (leading to production of thick and sticky mucus). This mutant allele is passed onto gametes during meiosis. If the other parent is a carrier of the same recessive allele then the resulting zygote will be a cystic fibrosis sufferer. ...
... form (leading to production of thick and sticky mucus). This mutant allele is passed onto gametes during meiosis. If the other parent is a carrier of the same recessive allele then the resulting zygote will be a cystic fibrosis sufferer. ...
DNA experiments exercise
... Experiment 4 seems to show that harmless Rough bacteria can be transformed into deadly Smooth bacteria when they are mixed with the cell components of Smooth bacteria. Explain why Griffiths needed to carry out experiments 1 to 3 in order to draw these conclusions from Experiment 4. ...
... Experiment 4 seems to show that harmless Rough bacteria can be transformed into deadly Smooth bacteria when they are mixed with the cell components of Smooth bacteria. Explain why Griffiths needed to carry out experiments 1 to 3 in order to draw these conclusions from Experiment 4. ...
A conserved repetitive DNA element located in the centromeres of
... During an attempt to cytologically map random BAC clones from sorghum, we found that BAC 52A4 hybridized to the centromeric region of all 20 sorghum chromosomes. Under the same hybridization stringency (50% formamide in 23 SSC at 378C), this clone hybridized strongly to the centromeres of all maize ...
... During an attempt to cytologically map random BAC clones from sorghum, we found that BAC 52A4 hybridized to the centromeric region of all 20 sorghum chromosomes. Under the same hybridization stringency (50% formamide in 23 SSC at 378C), this clone hybridized strongly to the centromeres of all maize ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.