Mendel’s Laws and Punnett Square Notes
... Allows an organism's body to grow and replace cells. Used in asexual reproduction to produce a new organism. New (daughter) cell is identical to the parent cell and to each other. Produces two diploid (2N) daughter cells. ...
... Allows an organism's body to grow and replace cells. Used in asexual reproduction to produce a new organism. New (daughter) cell is identical to the parent cell and to each other. Produces two diploid (2N) daughter cells. ...
4 Sex linkage - WordPress.com
... More common in males than females. If H = normal allele for blood clotting, and h = allele for haemophilia, to what phenotypes do the following ...
... More common in males than females. If H = normal allele for blood clotting, and h = allele for haemophilia, to what phenotypes do the following ...
File
... In prokaryotic cells, DNA is located in the cytoplasm. Most prokaryotes have a single DNA molecule containing nearly all of the cell’s genetic information. Eukaryotic DNA is located in the cell nucleus inside chromosomes. Each chromosome contains a single, long, coiled DNA molecule. The mitochondria ...
... In prokaryotic cells, DNA is located in the cytoplasm. Most prokaryotes have a single DNA molecule containing nearly all of the cell’s genetic information. Eukaryotic DNA is located in the cell nucleus inside chromosomes. Each chromosome contains a single, long, coiled DNA molecule. The mitochondria ...
PDF - Molecular Cytogenetics
... meiosis, translocations tend to cause errors on chromosome disjunction and the ones involving sex chromosomes have particular implications for the phenotype. Male carriers of balanced X-autosome translocations are almost invariably infertile due to interruption of the spermatogenesis, but the mechan ...
... meiosis, translocations tend to cause errors on chromosome disjunction and the ones involving sex chromosomes have particular implications for the phenotype. Male carriers of balanced X-autosome translocations are almost invariably infertile due to interruption of the spermatogenesis, but the mechan ...
Genome fusion occurs during endosymbiosis
... endosymbiotic fusion of archaeal and bacterial species . The double membrane would be a direct result of endosymbiosis, with the endosymbiont picking up the second membrane from the host as it was internalized. This mechanism has also been used to explain the double membranes found in mitochondria a ...
... endosymbiotic fusion of archaeal and bacterial species . The double membrane would be a direct result of endosymbiosis, with the endosymbiont picking up the second membrane from the host as it was internalized. This mechanism has also been used to explain the double membranes found in mitochondria a ...
Genome Sequencing Machine Learning for Big Data Seminar by Guided by
... a gene-altering the protein made by that gene. The disease arises because the protein does not work as it should do. Some genomic conditions also affect coding regions. A translocation, for example, can end up fusing genes together, creating an entirely new protein. More often, genes are lost enti ...
... a gene-altering the protein made by that gene. The disease arises because the protein does not work as it should do. Some genomic conditions also affect coding regions. A translocation, for example, can end up fusing genes together, creating an entirely new protein. More often, genes are lost enti ...
File - Mr. Obiechefu`s Life Science
... (because females can only pass on an X chromosome. Males can pass on either an X or a Y, and whichever chromosome the male passes on will determine the sex) ...
... (because females can only pass on an X chromosome. Males can pass on either an X or a Y, and whichever chromosome the male passes on will determine the sex) ...
Heredity
... • Sperm Cells (male gametes)- contain half of the genetic information for organisms • Egg Cells (female gametes)- contain half of the genetic information for organisms • How many chromosomes do we have? • How are these cells produced? ...
... • Sperm Cells (male gametes)- contain half of the genetic information for organisms • Egg Cells (female gametes)- contain half of the genetic information for organisms • How many chromosomes do we have? • How are these cells produced? ...
Chromosomes and Heredity
... another Y chromosome (heterogametic) • Females have two X chromosomes and produce only X-bearing gametes • In some organisms (birds, butterflies and some reptiles), females are heterogametic ...
... another Y chromosome (heterogametic) • Females have two X chromosomes and produce only X-bearing gametes • In some organisms (birds, butterflies and some reptiles), females are heterogametic ...
Cells
... Centrioles: only in animal cells, spindle fibers come from these. Chromosomes: made of DNA, carry genes, neatly packaged, 2 sister chromatids held together by centromere Chromatin: DNA unpackaged or unwound, how DNA exists during interphase Spindle Fibers: pieces of cytoskeleton that attach to chrom ...
... Centrioles: only in animal cells, spindle fibers come from these. Chromosomes: made of DNA, carry genes, neatly packaged, 2 sister chromatids held together by centromere Chromatin: DNA unpackaged or unwound, how DNA exists during interphase Spindle Fibers: pieces of cytoskeleton that attach to chrom ...
F plasmid
... 1. E Coli can use either Glucose or other sugars (ex: lactose) as the source of carbon & energy. 2. In Glu-medium, the activity of the enzymes need to metabolize Lactose is very low. 3. Switching to the Lac-medium, the Lac-metabolizing enzymes ...
... 1. E Coli can use either Glucose or other sugars (ex: lactose) as the source of carbon & energy. 2. In Glu-medium, the activity of the enzymes need to metabolize Lactose is very low. 3. Switching to the Lac-medium, the Lac-metabolizing enzymes ...
day 11 sex linked traits
... Y-linked Genes • Y-linked genes are uncommon because the Y chromosome is so small and does not contain many genes, Y-linked diseases are rare. • In humans, only males have a Y chromosome so traits / diseases are passed only from father to son ...
... Y-linked Genes • Y-linked genes are uncommon because the Y chromosome is so small and does not contain many genes, Y-linked diseases are rare. • In humans, only males have a Y chromosome so traits / diseases are passed only from father to son ...
BI0I 121 cell and tissues
... State the different phases of the eu]caryotic cell cycle and tell what happens during each phase; contrast division of the eukaryotic to that of the prokaryotic cell; compare cyokinesis of plant and animal cells. Describe the different phases of mitosis; relate mitosis to DNA duplication; make carto ...
... State the different phases of the eu]caryotic cell cycle and tell what happens during each phase; contrast division of the eukaryotic to that of the prokaryotic cell; compare cyokinesis of plant and animal cells. Describe the different phases of mitosis; relate mitosis to DNA duplication; make carto ...
Biological Molecules
... sit on the tip of your thumb, was in fact, a new species. Finally, through genetic analysis it was confirmed to be an unknown species. The frog’s scientific name came from its narrow mouth (Microhyla) and the habitat where it was found, laterite—a rocky terrain of iron-rich, weathered soil. Examinin ...
... sit on the tip of your thumb, was in fact, a new species. Finally, through genetic analysis it was confirmed to be an unknown species. The frog’s scientific name came from its narrow mouth (Microhyla) and the habitat where it was found, laterite—a rocky terrain of iron-rich, weathered soil. Examinin ...
X-linked genes - Cengage Learning
... Genes, the units of instruction for heritable traits, are segments of DNA arranged along chromosomes in linear order; each gene thus has its own locus. Diploid cells have pairs of homologous chromosomes that are very much alike; homologues interact and segregate during meiosis. Alleles are different ...
... Genes, the units of instruction for heritable traits, are segments of DNA arranged along chromosomes in linear order; each gene thus has its own locus. Diploid cells have pairs of homologous chromosomes that are very much alike; homologues interact and segregate during meiosis. Alleles are different ...
2 - Answer
... (because females can only pass on an X chromosome. Males can pass on either an X or a Y, and whichever chromosome the male passes on will determine the sex) ...
... (because females can only pass on an X chromosome. Males can pass on either an X or a Y, and whichever chromosome the male passes on will determine the sex) ...
File
... We will use a recently-reported method designed for medium scale isolation that is quick and that yields good quality plasmid DNA, free of RNA, chromosomal DNA and impurities that interfere with restriction enzymes and other subcloning operations. Ausebel, F.M., Brent, R., Kingston, R.E., Moore, D.D ...
... We will use a recently-reported method designed for medium scale isolation that is quick and that yields good quality plasmid DNA, free of RNA, chromosomal DNA and impurities that interfere with restriction enzymes and other subcloning operations. Ausebel, F.M., Brent, R., Kingston, R.E., Moore, D.D ...
C. Errors and Exceptions in Chromosomal
... Surprisingly, the white-eyed trait appeared only in males. All the females and half the males had red eyes. Morgan concluded that a fly’s eye color was linked to its sex. Morgan deduced that the gene with the white-eyed mutation is on the X chromosome alone, a sex-linked gene. Females (XX) ...
... Surprisingly, the white-eyed trait appeared only in males. All the females and half the males had red eyes. Morgan concluded that a fly’s eye color was linked to its sex. Morgan deduced that the gene with the white-eyed mutation is on the X chromosome alone, a sex-linked gene. Females (XX) ...
how to read a pedigree - Doral Academy Preparatory
... Pedigrees are used to find out the probability of a child having a disorder in a particular family. To begin to interpret a pedigree, determine if the disease or condition is autosomal or X-linked and dominant or recessive. ...
... Pedigrees are used to find out the probability of a child having a disorder in a particular family. To begin to interpret a pedigree, determine if the disease or condition is autosomal or X-linked and dominant or recessive. ...
Saturday Review – Biology
... A. Replication, in which DNA is copied before mitosis occurs B. Deletion, in which a chromosome breaks and a piece of DNA is lost C. Transcription, in which the information stored in DNA is copied to mRNA D. Translation, in which the information stored in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein ...
... A. Replication, in which DNA is copied before mitosis occurs B. Deletion, in which a chromosome breaks and a piece of DNA is lost C. Transcription, in which the information stored in DNA is copied to mRNA D. Translation, in which the information stored in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein ...
(1) Quantitative traits and sequence variation Lecture objectives
... By sequencing genomes from related organisms we can estimate variation among or between species ...
... By sequencing genomes from related organisms we can estimate variation among or between species ...
HS-LS3 Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits
... chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the phases of meiosis or the biochemical mechanism of specific steps in the process.] DCI – LS1.A: Structure and Function All cells contain genetic i ...
... chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the phases of meiosis or the biochemical mechanism of specific steps in the process.] DCI – LS1.A: Structure and Function All cells contain genetic i ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.