Linked Genes and Crossing Over
... *** Do not get this confused with sex-linked genes which are genes that are only carried on a single sex chromosome. 2. Thomas Hunt Morgan discovered that the expected 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross did not always occur when examining some traits. When he mated wild type ( gray body an ...
... *** Do not get this confused with sex-linked genes which are genes that are only carried on a single sex chromosome. 2. Thomas Hunt Morgan discovered that the expected 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross did not always occur when examining some traits. When he mated wild type ( gray body an ...
Chapt 9 notes - Kasson-Mantorville High School
... Which occurs in plant cells but not animal cells during the cell cycle? A. formation of a cell plate B. formation of microtubules C. formation of a cleavage furrow at the equator of the cell D. movement of chromosomes to the poles of the cell ...
... Which occurs in plant cells but not animal cells during the cell cycle? A. formation of a cell plate B. formation of microtubules C. formation of a cleavage furrow at the equator of the cell D. movement of chromosomes to the poles of the cell ...
Document
... BUT…… • Genes that are located close to each other on the same chromosome are linked and usually travel (segregate) together during meiosis (not independently=dependently). Genes linkage • Makes an exception to Mendel’s law of independent assortment. • Linkage ≠ independent assortment ...
... BUT…… • Genes that are located close to each other on the same chromosome are linked and usually travel (segregate) together during meiosis (not independently=dependently). Genes linkage • Makes an exception to Mendel’s law of independent assortment. • Linkage ≠ independent assortment ...
Unit 2 Review Sheet File
... 2. (a) List two events that take place only during prophase I of meiosis, and not during either prophase II of meiosis or the prophase of mitosis. (b) How does synapsis (crossing-over) increase the genetic variability in gametes. (c) List three differences between meiosis and mitosis. (d) Explain ho ...
... 2. (a) List two events that take place only during prophase I of meiosis, and not during either prophase II of meiosis or the prophase of mitosis. (b) How does synapsis (crossing-over) increase the genetic variability in gametes. (c) List three differences between meiosis and mitosis. (d) Explain ho ...
- Fairview High School
... are joined. This complication seems to have been taken one stage further in Plate II(a); here the two limbs of the fork may be joined to each other but they also appear to be joined to their opposite numbers which are being formed from the sister molecule. Conceivably such terminal union of the new ...
... are joined. This complication seems to have been taken one stage further in Plate II(a); here the two limbs of the fork may be joined to each other but they also appear to be joined to their opposite numbers which are being formed from the sister molecule. Conceivably such terminal union of the new ...
Review A model for chromosome structure during the mitotic
... into two closely associated sister chromatid cores with sister DNA loops extending in opposite directions. We propose that chromatid cores are contractile and show, using a physical model, that contraction of cores during late prophase can result in coiled chromatids. Coiling accounts for the majori ...
... into two closely associated sister chromatid cores with sister DNA loops extending in opposite directions. We propose that chromatid cores are contractile and show, using a physical model, that contraction of cores during late prophase can result in coiled chromatids. Coiling accounts for the majori ...
some recent developments in genetics
... niques for staining human chromosomes had considerable limitations. It was not even possible to unambiguously distinguish all the human chromosomes from one another. In the last two years, however, chromo some-staining techniques have undergone a major revolution.7 New techniques, which involve sta ...
... niques for staining human chromosomes had considerable limitations. It was not even possible to unambiguously distinguish all the human chromosomes from one another. In the last two years, however, chromo some-staining techniques have undergone a major revolution.7 New techniques, which involve sta ...
MS-SCI-LS-Unit 2 -- Chapter 6- Modern Genetics
... the sex chromosomes when egg and sperm cells form? Since both of a female's sex chromosomes are X chromosomes, all eggs carry one X chromosome. Males, however, have two different sex chromosomes. Therefore, half of a male's sperm cells carry an X chromosome, while half carry a Y chromosome. When a s ...
... the sex chromosomes when egg and sperm cells form? Since both of a female's sex chromosomes are X chromosomes, all eggs carry one X chromosome. Males, however, have two different sex chromosomes. Therefore, half of a male's sperm cells carry an X chromosome, while half carry a Y chromosome. When a s ...
File - need help with revision notes?
... (j) explain the basis of continuous and discontinuous variation by reference to the number of genes which influence the variation; (k) explain that both genotype and environment contribute to phenotypic variation. (No calculations of heritability will be expected); (l) explain why variation is essen ...
... (j) explain the basis of continuous and discontinuous variation by reference to the number of genes which influence the variation; (k) explain that both genotype and environment contribute to phenotypic variation. (No calculations of heritability will be expected); (l) explain why variation is essen ...
The Human Genome Project
... to some biochemical function. Such non-translated but functional DNA sequences include promoters, enhancers, sequences encoding regulatory RNAs, and protein-binding regions involved in DNA methylation as well as chromatin organization. Some of these sequences have probably played major roles in the ...
... to some biochemical function. Such non-translated but functional DNA sequences include promoters, enhancers, sequences encoding regulatory RNAs, and protein-binding regions involved in DNA methylation as well as chromatin organization. Some of these sequences have probably played major roles in the ...
Genetics Part I - Napa Valley College
... Principle of Segregation Before sexual reproduction can take place, the alleles in a parent must separate – this takes place during Anaphase I of Meiosis So an egg or sperm only has one of the two alleles ...
... Principle of Segregation Before sexual reproduction can take place, the alleles in a parent must separate – this takes place during Anaphase I of Meiosis So an egg or sperm only has one of the two alleles ...
Chapter 9 - Personal
... – X-linked genes are passed from father to daughter – Y-linked genes are passed from father to son ...
... – X-linked genes are passed from father to daughter – Y-linked genes are passed from father to son ...
DNA
... Possible answers: The books are too valuable to risk loss or damage to them. The library wants to make sure the information is always available and not tied up by one person. 2. If you can’t borrow a book, how can you take home the information in it? Students may suggest making a photocopy or taking ...
... Possible answers: The books are too valuable to risk loss or damage to them. The library wants to make sure the information is always available and not tied up by one person. 2. If you can’t borrow a book, how can you take home the information in it? Students may suggest making a photocopy or taking ...
File
... Barr Bodies don’t represent the same condensed chromosomes in all cells within an organism. They are typically found in who? ...
... Barr Bodies don’t represent the same condensed chromosomes in all cells within an organism. They are typically found in who? ...
Preview Sample 2
... NADH. Because both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce NADH, both of these processes shut down when there is no available NAD+. 5. If the Krebs cycle does not require oxygen, why does cellular respiration stop after glycolysis when no oxygen is present? When no oxygen is present, oxidative phosph ...
... NADH. Because both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce NADH, both of these processes shut down when there is no available NAD+. 5. If the Krebs cycle does not require oxygen, why does cellular respiration stop after glycolysis when no oxygen is present? When no oxygen is present, oxidative phosph ...
Chapter 11 Practice Test PArt 1
... _____ 9. Variation in human skin color is an example of a. incomplete dominance. c. polygenic traits. b. codominance. d. multiple alleles. _____ 10. Which of the following shows that the environment can affect genetic traits? a. Oak trees get taller as they grow. b. Hydrangea flower color varies wit ...
... _____ 9. Variation in human skin color is an example of a. incomplete dominance. c. polygenic traits. b. codominance. d. multiple alleles. _____ 10. Which of the following shows that the environment can affect genetic traits? a. Oak trees get taller as they grow. b. Hydrangea flower color varies wit ...
11 Introduction to Genetics Chapter Test A
... _____ 9. Variation in human skin color is an example of a. incomplete dominance. c. polygenic traits. b. codominance. d. multiple alleles. _____ 10. Which of the following shows that the environment can affect genetic traits? a. Oak trees get taller as they grow. b. Hydrangea flower color varies wit ...
... _____ 9. Variation in human skin color is an example of a. incomplete dominance. c. polygenic traits. b. codominance. d. multiple alleles. _____ 10. Which of the following shows that the environment can affect genetic traits? a. Oak trees get taller as they grow. b. Hydrangea flower color varies wit ...
Foundations of Genetics Chapter 10
... Parents carry 2 alleles for each character but the gametes carry only 1 allele. In body cells with 2 alleles when both are similar = homozygous (YY or yy) and when different = heterozygous (Yy). When 2 different alleles come together only one determines the appearance of body (dominant) and the othe ...
... Parents carry 2 alleles for each character but the gametes carry only 1 allele. In body cells with 2 alleles when both are similar = homozygous (YY or yy) and when different = heterozygous (Yy). When 2 different alleles come together only one determines the appearance of body (dominant) and the othe ...
7 Grade Science Sample Assessment Items S7L3a.
... Which Punnett Square should be used to predict the results of a cross between two people with genotypes of Bb? Answer: D ...
... Which Punnett Square should be used to predict the results of a cross between two people with genotypes of Bb? Answer: D ...
Genetics Supplement
... If each parent has one A allele and one a allele (i.e. both parents are Aa), what different combinations of A and/or a alleles could be observed in the children of these parents? To answer this question your group will use model chromosomes to demonstrate meiosis and fertilization. The pair of homol ...
... If each parent has one A allele and one a allele (i.e. both parents are Aa), what different combinations of A and/or a alleles could be observed in the children of these parents? To answer this question your group will use model chromosomes to demonstrate meiosis and fertilization. The pair of homol ...
Heredity Simulation Worksheet • http://www.glencoe.com/sites
... Translation- a process where proteins are made DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid-carries genetic information Gene- a part of a DNA molecule, which is part of a chromosome RNA- ribonucleic acid, a cell macromolecule that helps make protein Alleles- one of two or more alternative forms of a gene, o ...
... Translation- a process where proteins are made DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid-carries genetic information Gene- a part of a DNA molecule, which is part of a chromosome RNA- ribonucleic acid, a cell macromolecule that helps make protein Alleles- one of two or more alternative forms of a gene, o ...
The Cell Nucleus…
... – Cells contain a wide array of enzymes that can add or remove chemical groups to or from amino acid residues in the histone tails – The histone code hypothesis – 1. The state & activity of a particular region of chromatin depends upon the specific modifications, or combination of modifications, to ...
... – Cells contain a wide array of enzymes that can add or remove chemical groups to or from amino acid residues in the histone tails – The histone code hypothesis – 1. The state & activity of a particular region of chromatin depends upon the specific modifications, or combination of modifications, to ...
A History of Genetics and Genomics
... The term mutation is used to describe the apparently spontaneous appearance of new traits in evening primrose (Oenothera). ...
... The term mutation is used to describe the apparently spontaneous appearance of new traits in evening primrose (Oenothera). ...
Lesson Outline continued
... 2. Mendel’s factors are parts of chromosomes, and each cell in the offspring contains chromosomes from both parents. ...
... 2. Mendel’s factors are parts of chromosomes, and each cell in the offspring contains chromosomes from both parents. ...
Chromosome
A chromosome (chromo- + -some) is a packaged and organized structure containing most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not usually found on its own, but rather is complexed with many structural proteins called histones as well as associated transcription (copying of genetic sequences) factors and several other macromolecules. Two ""sister"" chromatids (half a chromosome) join together at a protein junction called a centromere. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing mitosis. Even then, the full chromosome containing both joined sister chromatids becomes visible only during a sequence of mitosis known as metaphase (when chromosomes align together, attached to the mitotic spindle and prepare to divide). This DNA and its associated proteins and macromolecules is collectively known as chromatin, which is further packaged along with its associated molecules into a discrete structure called a nucleosome. Chromatin is present in most cells, with a few exceptions - erythrocytes for example. Occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, chromatin composes the vast majority of all DNA, except for a small amount inherited maternally which is found in mitochondria. In prokaryotic cells, chromatin occurs free-floating in cytoplasm, as these cells lack organelles and a defined nucleus. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other noncoding DNA. The DNA-bound macromolecules are proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions. Chromosomes vary widely between different organisms. Some species such as certain bacteria also contain plasmids or other extrachromosomal DNA. These are circular structures in the cytoplasm which contain cellular DNA and play a role in horizontal gene transfer.Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction plays a vital role in genetic diversity. If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe and die, or it may unexpectedly evade apoptosis leading to the progression of cancer.In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized. In the case of archaea by homologs to eukaryotic histones, in the case of bacteria by histone-like proteins. Small circular genomes called plasmids are often found in bacteria and also in mitochondria and chloroplasts, reflecting their bacterial origins.