Exospheres and Atmospheric Escape
... determine the structure of the corona and lead to molecular escape are considered in this paper. A planet’s atmosphere decreases in density with increasing altitude, thus an altitude is eventually reached above which molecules can travel planetary scale distances with a very small probability of mak ...
... determine the structure of the corona and lead to molecular escape are considered in this paper. A planet’s atmosphere decreases in density with increasing altitude, thus an altitude is eventually reached above which molecules can travel planetary scale distances with a very small probability of mak ...
Worksheet
... 5. Where were many of the comets whisked after the formed by the gas planets? b. Into the Kuiper Belt. 6. How many comets may be in the Kuiper Belt? c. Over 6 billion. 7. What happens to a comet as it approaches the Sun? c. All the frozen materials convert from ice to gaseous materials. 8. What is t ...
... 5. Where were many of the comets whisked after the formed by the gas planets? b. Into the Kuiper Belt. 6. How many comets may be in the Kuiper Belt? c. Over 6 billion. 7. What happens to a comet as it approaches the Sun? c. All the frozen materials convert from ice to gaseous materials. 8. What is t ...
Circumstellar medium around rotating massive stars at solar metallicity
... From a technical code point of view, a stellar system consists of a given number of stars having different attributes that may be time-dependent: radius, shape, temperature, luminosity, rotation velocity, magnetic fields, etc. Different attributes of (timedependent) interaction from the stars with t ...
... From a technical code point of view, a stellar system consists of a given number of stars having different attributes that may be time-dependent: radius, shape, temperature, luminosity, rotation velocity, magnetic fields, etc. Different attributes of (timedependent) interaction from the stars with t ...
Ons sonnestelsel is geskape
... “...these theories fail to describe the formation of gas giant planets in a satisfactory way. Gravitational interaction between the gaseous protoplanetary disc and the massive planetary cores causes them to move rapidly inward over about 100 000 years in what we call the ‘migration’ of the planet in ...
... “...these theories fail to describe the formation of gas giant planets in a satisfactory way. Gravitational interaction between the gaseous protoplanetary disc and the massive planetary cores causes them to move rapidly inward over about 100 000 years in what we call the ‘migration’ of the planet in ...
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM: An overview
... ∗ Near coplanarity and circularity of comets’ orbits ∗ The Sun concentrates 99.9% of the total mass of the system ∗ The Sun contains only about 2% of the total angular momentum ∗ Terrestrial planets: rocky; Jovian planets: icy and gaseous ∗ Planets are at least 100 times more massive than the rest o ...
... ∗ Near coplanarity and circularity of comets’ orbits ∗ The Sun concentrates 99.9% of the total mass of the system ∗ The Sun contains only about 2% of the total angular momentum ∗ Terrestrial planets: rocky; Jovian planets: icy and gaseous ∗ Planets are at least 100 times more massive than the rest o ...
PPT
... - the more we look the more we find, though evidence is weak for some • Sizes vary from <0.1 pc (CTA 1) to >10 pc (PSR B1509-58) - no strong connection with Edot ...
... - the more we look the more we find, though evidence is weak for some • Sizes vary from <0.1 pc (CTA 1) to >10 pc (PSR B1509-58) - no strong connection with Edot ...
Cosmological Implications of Trace
... Matter dominates over antimatter in our local universe. Several lines of evidence suggest that the region illuminated by the Big Bang (e.g. the “Universe”) is also strongly matter dominated. In spite of the ∼ 1836 times larger mass of the positive charge carrying proton than its negative charge carr ...
... Matter dominates over antimatter in our local universe. Several lines of evidence suggest that the region illuminated by the Big Bang (e.g. the “Universe”) is also strongly matter dominated. In spite of the ∼ 1836 times larger mass of the positive charge carrying proton than its negative charge carr ...
The X-ray emission from shock cooling zones in O star winds
... Hillier et al. achieved a reasonable fit to the observations with the assumption that all shocks were characterized by a single temperature of log T [K] ≈ 6.60 (see their Fig. 2). But the flux deficiency in the calculated spectrum for energies below 0.45 keV indicated that a cooler shock component o ...
... Hillier et al. achieved a reasonable fit to the observations with the assumption that all shocks were characterized by a single temperature of log T [K] ≈ 6.60 (see their Fig. 2). But the flux deficiency in the calculated spectrum for energies below 0.45 keV indicated that a cooler shock component o ...
Circum-stellar medium around rotating massive stars at solar
... From a technical code point of view, a stellar system consists of a given number of stars having different attributes that may be time-dependent: radius, shape, temperature, luminosity, rotation velocity, magnetic fields, etc. Different attributes of (timedependent) interaction from the stars with t ...
... From a technical code point of view, a stellar system consists of a given number of stars having different attributes that may be time-dependent: radius, shape, temperature, luminosity, rotation velocity, magnetic fields, etc. Different attributes of (timedependent) interaction from the stars with t ...
From The Sun To Beyond Pluto
... - home tell a friend about from the sun to beyond pluto tell a friend value entered for e mail is invalid please fill up missing fields below required fields, how far is pluto from the sun cool cosmos - how far is pluto from the sun cool cosmos change theme ngc 1097 spitzer helix spitzer flame nebul ...
... - home tell a friend about from the sun to beyond pluto tell a friend value entered for e mail is invalid please fill up missing fields below required fields, how far is pluto from the sun cool cosmos - how far is pluto from the sun cool cosmos change theme ngc 1097 spitzer helix spitzer flame nebul ...
The magnetic field configuration of a solar prominence inferred from
... They are located above polarity inversion lines (PILs or filament channels), i.e., the line that divides regions of opposite magnetic flux in the photosphere. Morphologically speaking, prominences can be separated into different classes (Pettit 1943; Tandberg-Hanssen 1995). Among them, quiescent prom ...
... They are located above polarity inversion lines (PILs or filament channels), i.e., the line that divides regions of opposite magnetic flux in the photosphere. Morphologically speaking, prominences can be separated into different classes (Pettit 1943; Tandberg-Hanssen 1995). Among them, quiescent prom ...
Hydrostatic equilibrium in a magnetized, warped Galactic disc
... synchrotron intensity as Btot . 6 mG (Beck 2001). With observations of synchrotron polarization showing B0 / Btot . 0:6, as described below, this gives B0 . 4 mG (Beck 2001); if anisotropic turbulent magnetic fields are present this is an upper limit on B0. Observations of Faraday rotation measures ...
... synchrotron intensity as Btot . 6 mG (Beck 2001). With observations of synchrotron polarization showing B0 / Btot . 0:6, as described below, this gives B0 . 4 mG (Beck 2001); if anisotropic turbulent magnetic fields are present this is an upper limit on B0. Observations of Faraday rotation measures ...
Shock interactions, turbulence and the origin of the stellar mass
... parts of the filaments, i.e. where the mass per unit length of the filament exceeds the critical value of 2c2s /G [2], where cs is the sound speed of the gas and G is Newton’s gravitational constant. Several other physical processes also play important roles. While we do not examine magnetic fields ...
... parts of the filaments, i.e. where the mass per unit length of the filament exceeds the critical value of 2c2s /G [2], where cs is the sound speed of the gas and G is Newton’s gravitational constant. Several other physical processes also play important roles. While we do not examine magnetic fields ...
Complete Sirius Solar Fire Ritual
... The one who dwells within our hearts as flame within the Silence. (Pause) We merge within our Angel— The better, thus, to Imitate the Christ. We feel the Angel pour through us, Intimate, pervasive, Dissolving all impediments to Love. (Pause) Never, till Destruction’s Day, When standing at the fourth ...
... The one who dwells within our hearts as flame within the Silence. (Pause) We merge within our Angel— The better, thus, to Imitate the Christ. We feel the Angel pour through us, Intimate, pervasive, Dissolving all impediments to Love. (Pause) Never, till Destruction’s Day, When standing at the fourth ...
X-ray Emission Line Profiles from ... Confined Wind Shock Model
... of 10- 6 solar masses per year, a terminal velocity of 2500 km s-1, and a radius of 15 R 8 , we find the typical wind density to be about 1010 cm- 3 . Hot stars must use radiation to drive their stellar winds, rather than gas pressure, ...
... of 10- 6 solar masses per year, a terminal velocity of 2500 km s-1, and a radius of 15 R 8 , we find the typical wind density to be about 1010 cm- 3 . Hot stars must use radiation to drive their stellar winds, rather than gas pressure, ...
GRB 021004: A Possible Shell Nebula around a Wolf
... In order to explain the absence of significant variability following the first afterglow spectrum, we concluded that radiation acceleration by bound-free transitions had to be most efficient in the early stages of the GRB [11, 12]. Figure 3 shows the predicted velocity profile for one set of initial ...
... In order to explain the absence of significant variability following the first afterglow spectrum, we concluded that radiation acceleration by bound-free transitions had to be most efficient in the early stages of the GRB [11, 12]. Figure 3 shows the predicted velocity profile for one set of initial ...
astronomical oxygen isotopic evidence for supernova
... composition of the exogenous Type II supernova (SN II) ejecta required to explain the solar ratio of rare oxygen isotopes places constraints on the maximum masses of the supernova progenitors. The limit on progenitor masses in turn suggests a scenario of enrichment by propagating star formation lead ...
... composition of the exogenous Type II supernova (SN II) ejecta required to explain the solar ratio of rare oxygen isotopes places constraints on the maximum masses of the supernova progenitors. The limit on progenitor masses in turn suggests a scenario of enrichment by propagating star formation lead ...
Strange Lights in the Sky - Beck-Shop
... magnitude –3, making it brighter than the planet Jupiter. Strangely, you don’t have to go very far back into history to reach the point when great thinkers believed comets were local phenomena, emissions of gas or smoke hovering in Earth’s atmosphere. But then astronomers realized that if they were ...
... magnitude –3, making it brighter than the planet Jupiter. Strangely, you don’t have to go very far back into history to reach the point when great thinkers believed comets were local phenomena, emissions of gas or smoke hovering in Earth’s atmosphere. But then astronomers realized that if they were ...
In Roman mythology Neptune was the god of the Sea. He is known
... and a small irregular white cloud that zipped around Neptune every 16 hours or so now. This feature is known as "The Scooter." Recently, however, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) showed that the Great Dark Spot has disappeared! Scientists think that it has either dissipated (like our storms do) or i ...
... and a small irregular white cloud that zipped around Neptune every 16 hours or so now. This feature is known as "The Scooter." Recently, however, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) showed that the Great Dark Spot has disappeared! Scientists think that it has either dissipated (like our storms do) or i ...
Statistical survey of widely spread out solar electron events
... Received 10 March 2014 / Accepted 12 May 2014 ABSTRACT ...
... Received 10 March 2014 / Accepted 12 May 2014 ABSTRACT ...
Irregular Shock Refraction in Magnetohydrodynamics
... there are four regimes for the velocity normal to a shock; 1: un > cF , 2: cF > un > cI , 3: cI > un > cSL , and 4: cSL > un . If the state upstream of a shock is in regime 1, three different regime transitions may occur across the shock: 1 → 2, known as a fast shock; 1 → 3 and 1 → 4, which are both ...
... there are four regimes for the velocity normal to a shock; 1: un > cF , 2: cF > un > cI , 3: cI > un > cSL , and 4: cSL > un . If the state upstream of a shock is in regime 1, three different regime transitions may occur across the shock: 1 → 2, known as a fast shock; 1 → 3 and 1 → 4, which are both ...
ppt - chris.engelbrecht.nithep.ac.za
... with the age under the assumption of free expansion? 2. Expansion measurements from X-ray observations at different epochs yield a blast wave velocity of v_s = 6200 (+1500 -1600) km/s. What temperature does this correspond to? If this velocity is correct, what is the age under Sedov and free-expansi ...
... with the age under the assumption of free expansion? 2. Expansion measurements from X-ray observations at different epochs yield a blast wave velocity of v_s = 6200 (+1500 -1600) km/s. What temperature does this correspond to? If this velocity is correct, what is the age under Sedov and free-expansi ...
Chronological Constraints on Planetesimal Accretion
... those nuclides that can easily date the formation of isotopic reservoirs, e.g., 26Al, 53Mn, and possibly 182Hf, rather than those radiometric systems that date isotopic closure occurred after an object has cooled, e.g., K-Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, I-Xe, and Pb-Pb. This distinction can lead to differences of ...
... those nuclides that can easily date the formation of isotopic reservoirs, e.g., 26Al, 53Mn, and possibly 182Hf, rather than those radiometric systems that date isotopic closure occurred after an object has cooled, e.g., K-Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, I-Xe, and Pb-Pb. This distinction can lead to differences of ...
Radiato-Magneto-Thermal Winds from an Accretion Disk
... and radiation pressures, emanating from some point on the disk surface under a one-dimensional approximation along supposed streamlines and under Newtonian gravity. Such a disk wind is characterized by the disk gravitational and radiation fields, whose behavior is rather different from the spherical ...
... and radiation pressures, emanating from some point on the disk surface under a one-dimensional approximation along supposed streamlines and under Newtonian gravity. Such a disk wind is characterized by the disk gravitational and radiation fields, whose behavior is rather different from the spherical ...
Exploring Comets
... 2. Comets are composed of ices, dust and rocky debris carried from the early formation of the solar system about 4.5 billion years ago. 3. Comets are remnants from the cold, outer regions of the solar system. They are generally thought to come from two areas - the Oort Cloud and the Kuiper Belt. Bo ...
... 2. Comets are composed of ices, dust and rocky debris carried from the early formation of the solar system about 4.5 billion years ago. 3. Comets are remnants from the cold, outer regions of the solar system. They are generally thought to come from two areas - the Oort Cloud and the Kuiper Belt. Bo ...
Heliosphere
The heliosphere is the bubble-like region of space dominated by the Sun, which extends far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Plasma ""blown"" out from the Sun, known as the solar wind, creates and maintains this bubble against the outside pressure of the interstellar medium, the hydrogen and helium gas that permeates the Milky Way Galaxy. The solar wind flows outward from the Sun until encountering the termination shock, where motion slows abruptly. The Voyager spacecraft have actively explored the outer reaches of the heliosphere, passing through the shock and entering the heliosheath, a transitional region which is in turn bounded by the outermost edge of the heliosphere, called the heliopause. The overall shape of the heliosphere is controlled by the interstellar medium, through which it is traveling, as well as the Sun, and does not appear to be perfectly spherical. The limited data available and unexplored nature of these structures have resulted in many theories.On September 12, 2013, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had exited the heliosphere on August 25, 2012, when it measured a sudden increase in plasma density of about forty times. Because the heliopause marks one boundary between the Sun's solar wind and the rest of the galaxy, a spacecraft such as Voyager 1 which has departed the heliosphere can be said to have reached interstellar space.