Low-energy charged particle measurement by MAP-PACE onboard SELENE
... thought that there is a weak but significant magnetic field anomaly on the surface of the Moon and that this deflects the solar wind particles and varies the degree of compression (Lin et al., 1998). It is of primary importance to study the structure of the lunar wake and the behavior of plasma near ...
... thought that there is a weak but significant magnetic field anomaly on the surface of the Moon and that this deflects the solar wind particles and varies the degree of compression (Lin et al., 1998). It is of primary importance to study the structure of the lunar wake and the behavior of plasma near ...
Movement In Our Sky - Wallingford Public Schools
... The moon can only be seen in our night sky. The sky contains countless stars that are only out in the night sky. Children may believe that the earth receives heat from the sun only on sunny days or only in the summer. Children may believe that because the hot sun is so far away, it cannot ever be ha ...
... The moon can only be seen in our night sky. The sky contains countless stars that are only out in the night sky. Children may believe that the earth receives heat from the sun only on sunny days or only in the summer. Children may believe that because the hot sun is so far away, it cannot ever be ha ...
Eclipse Box Activity Guide - Girl Scouts of Northern California
... will need to be restocked as they are used up. In addition, there are printed materials from NASA, and a storybook about going to see a total eclipse of the Sun. These are to share as you wish. 2017 Total Eclipse of the Sun: NASA and others have created guides for safely observing the 2017 solar ecl ...
... will need to be restocked as they are used up. In addition, there are printed materials from NASA, and a storybook about going to see a total eclipse of the Sun. These are to share as you wish. 2017 Total Eclipse of the Sun: NASA and others have created guides for safely observing the 2017 solar ecl ...
The Sirius Festival
... The sacrifice of the Solar Angels is hardly appreciated. Most people do not know anything about these great supervisory beings who have given so much for the welfare of humanity and our planet. The true meditator seeks to approach the ‘presence of the Solar Angel’ and to commune, in silence, with th ...
... The sacrifice of the Solar Angels is hardly appreciated. Most people do not know anything about these great supervisory beings who have given so much for the welfare of humanity and our planet. The true meditator seeks to approach the ‘presence of the Solar Angel’ and to commune, in silence, with th ...
Teacher Resource Guide - Sci-Port
... Formaldehyde (HCHO)— A chemical compound consisting of four atoms: two of hydrogen, one of carbon, and one of oxygen. At standard temperature and pressure on Earth, formaldehyde is a liquid. In the cold vacuum of space, it is a solid; when hit by sunlight, it becomes a gas. Formaldehyde has been obs ...
... Formaldehyde (HCHO)— A chemical compound consisting of four atoms: two of hydrogen, one of carbon, and one of oxygen. At standard temperature and pressure on Earth, formaldehyde is a liquid. In the cold vacuum of space, it is a solid; when hit by sunlight, it becomes a gas. Formaldehyde has been obs ...
Solar energetic particle access to distant longitudes through
... unit variance. The random-walking path is calculated for each simulated particle before the pseudo-particle trajectory is integrated. The pseudo-particles are propagated along and diffused from the meandering field lines according to Eq. (1), with crossfield diffusion given by Eq. (3), pitch angle d ...
... unit variance. The random-walking path is calculated for each simulated particle before the pseudo-particle trajectory is integrated. The pseudo-particles are propagated along and diffused from the meandering field lines according to Eq. (1), with crossfield diffusion given by Eq. (3), pitch angle d ...
Chapter 11: Our Solar System
... Have you ever seen a top spinning on the floor? The top has two types of motion. It spins, or rotates, around a rod through its center called the axis. While it is spinning, it also might move along the floor. Figure 2 shows how a planet in the solar system also moves in two different ways, much lik ...
... Have you ever seen a top spinning on the floor? The top has two types of motion. It spins, or rotates, around a rod through its center called the axis. While it is spinning, it also might move along the floor. Figure 2 shows how a planet in the solar system also moves in two different ways, much lik ...
The Comparative Exploration of the Ice Giant Planets with
... In the course of the selection of the scientific themes for the second and third L-class missions of the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program of the European Space Agency, the exploration of the ice giant planets Uranus and Neptune was defined “a timely milestone, fully appropriate for an L class mission ...
... In the course of the selection of the scientific themes for the second and third L-class missions of the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program of the European Space Agency, the exploration of the ice giant planets Uranus and Neptune was defined “a timely milestone, fully appropriate for an L class mission ...
Full text - terrapub
... possible to measure the distribution of different ion species. It was shown (Lundin et al., 1990; Norberg et al., 1993) that the inner magnetosphere of Mars is filled not only by O+-ions but contains also a substantial admixture of molecular ions (O2+, CO2+). Cold H+-ions of planetary origin with de ...
... possible to measure the distribution of different ion species. It was shown (Lundin et al., 1990; Norberg et al., 1993) that the inner magnetosphere of Mars is filled not only by O+-ions but contains also a substantial admixture of molecular ions (O2+, CO2+). Cold H+-ions of planetary origin with de ...
Solar Rotation - Stanford Solar Physics
... near the surface and at the bottom of the convection zone (rotational shear layers). Contrary to the convection zone, the radiative zone rotates almost uniformly, though the rotation rate of the inner solar core has not been determined reliably. The mechanisms of the differential rotation, which are ...
... near the surface and at the bottom of the convection zone (rotational shear layers). Contrary to the convection zone, the radiative zone rotates almost uniformly, though the rotation rate of the inner solar core has not been determined reliably. The mechanisms of the differential rotation, which are ...
Instructors` Guide
... surrounds the comet and is pushed by sunlight into a tail. 2. It has so far proven impossible to see objects in the very distant Oort cloud with a telescope on Earth. Comets are said to come from the Oort cloud. Active comets have tails that are easily seen and very large. Why can't Oort cloud objec ...
... surrounds the comet and is pushed by sunlight into a tail. 2. It has so far proven impossible to see objects in the very distant Oort cloud with a telescope on Earth. Comets are said to come from the Oort cloud. Active comets have tails that are easily seen and very large. Why can't Oort cloud objec ...
Coupling from the Photosphere to the Chromosphere and the
... and oversimplified concepts, even when they are didactically nicer than the reality. The solar atmosphere should not be seen as a static stack of layers but rather as intermittent domains that are dynamically coupled together. One example is magnetic flux structures (or “flux tubes”) fanning out wit ...
... and oversimplified concepts, even when they are didactically nicer than the reality. The solar atmosphere should not be seen as a static stack of layers but rather as intermittent domains that are dynamically coupled together. One example is magnetic flux structures (or “flux tubes”) fanning out wit ...
Comets vs. Asteroids
... C 6. Irregular shapes. A 7. May have caused mass extinctions, such as of the dinosaurs. A 8. Most reside in Asteroid Belt between orbits of Mars and Jupiter. C 9. Orbits the Sun. B 10. Reside mostly in Kuiper Belt beyond orbit of Neptune. Also found in Oort Cloud in outer Solar System. ...
... C 6. Irregular shapes. A 7. May have caused mass extinctions, such as of the dinosaurs. A 8. Most reside in Asteroid Belt between orbits of Mars and Jupiter. C 9. Orbits the Sun. B 10. Reside mostly in Kuiper Belt beyond orbit of Neptune. Also found in Oort Cloud in outer Solar System. ...
Grand Minima of Solar Activity and the Mean
... of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries. It is far from being obvious a priori that such long-term dynamics can be related to solar dynamo action. A mechanism that can in principle produce the long-term dynamics of the solar cycle in the form of Grand Minima has been suggested by Hoyng ( ...
... of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries. It is far from being obvious a priori that such long-term dynamics can be related to solar dynamo action. A mechanism that can in principle produce the long-term dynamics of the solar cycle in the form of Grand Minima has been suggested by Hoyng ( ...
Neutral Density and Crosswind Determination from
... parameters determine the velocity of the random motion of the molecules and the atoms, which is to be superimposed on the bulk velocity vr of the atmosphere with respect to the satellite surface. Earlier analyses of the CHAMP and GRACE data [4,16–18] used aerodynamic expressions by Cook [37], simpli ...
... parameters determine the velocity of the random motion of the molecules and the atoms, which is to be superimposed on the bulk velocity vr of the atmosphere with respect to the satellite surface. Earlier analyses of the CHAMP and GRACE data [4,16–18] used aerodynamic expressions by Cook [37], simpli ...
here - Stars `r` Us!
... he title of this article needs some explanation. Clearly, the universe is not entirely made of molecules and we are exaggerating. In fact, most of the mass in the universe is probably not even made of familiar matter, i.e. the atoms and molecules of which we, the Earth, the solar system, and all the ...
... he title of this article needs some explanation. Clearly, the universe is not entirely made of molecules and we are exaggerating. In fact, most of the mass in the universe is probably not even made of familiar matter, i.e. the atoms and molecules of which we, the Earth, the solar system, and all the ...
Infrared Observations of Interstellar Ices Adwin Boogert NASA Herschel Science Center
... Far less ices than gas phase species detected because ices can only be detected by absorption spectroscopy: weakest features (1%) represent column density 0.01*4 [cm-1]/1e-17 [cm/molecule]=4e15 cm-2, orders of magnitude higher than gas phase detections! ...
... Far less ices than gas phase species detected because ices can only be detected by absorption spectroscopy: weakest features (1%) represent column density 0.01*4 [cm-1]/1e-17 [cm/molecule]=4e15 cm-2, orders of magnitude higher than gas phase detections! ...
The Space Files: The Outer Solar System
... All Rights Reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted without written permission of AIMS Multimedia with these exceptions: Persons or schools purchasing this AIMS Teaching Module may reproduce consumable ATM pages, identified in Section 4, for student or classroom use. AIMS Mult ...
... All Rights Reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted without written permission of AIMS Multimedia with these exceptions: Persons or schools purchasing this AIMS Teaching Module may reproduce consumable ATM pages, identified in Section 4, for student or classroom use. AIMS Mult ...
Orbital effects of Sun`s mass loss and the Earth`s fate
... not only an academic one because of the relevance that it may have on the ultimate destiny of planetary companions in many stellar systems in which the host star experiences a mass loss, like our Sun [1]. With respect to this aspect, my analysis may be helpful in driving future researches towards th ...
... not only an academic one because of the relevance that it may have on the ultimate destiny of planetary companions in many stellar systems in which the host star experiences a mass loss, like our Sun [1]. With respect to this aspect, my analysis may be helpful in driving future researches towards th ...
Comets vs. Asteroids
... Irregular shapes. Not massive enough to be round like a planet. May spin because of irregular shape. Have crashed into Earth. ...
... Irregular shapes. Not massive enough to be round like a planet. May spin because of irregular shape. Have crashed into Earth. ...
The outer planets: Uranus, Neptune and Pluto
... in the next few years, the Voyagers should reach the termination shock, where the solar wind slows; then 5–10 years later they should reach the heliopause, where the Sun’s influence ends and the interstellar wind begins. ...
... in the next few years, the Voyagers should reach the termination shock, where the solar wind slows; then 5–10 years later they should reach the heliopause, where the Sun’s influence ends and the interstellar wind begins. ...
I Introduction to the Interstellar Medium
... The Diffuse ISM (early 20th century) The first observational evidence that there was a general ISM that pervaded the space between the stars came from photographic spectroscopy of spectroscopic binary stars early in the 20th century. It was noticed that in addition to the relatively broad absorption ...
... The Diffuse ISM (early 20th century) The first observational evidence that there was a general ISM that pervaded the space between the stars came from photographic spectroscopy of spectroscopic binary stars early in the 20th century. It was noticed that in addition to the relatively broad absorption ...
Modeling non-thermal emission from stellar bow shocks
... Context. Runaway O- and early B-type stars passing throughout the interstellar medium at supersonic velocities and characterized by strong stellar winds may produce bow shocks that can serve as particle acceleration sites. Previous theoretical models predict the production of high energy photons by ...
... Context. Runaway O- and early B-type stars passing throughout the interstellar medium at supersonic velocities and characterized by strong stellar winds may produce bow shocks that can serve as particle acceleration sites. Previous theoretical models predict the production of high energy photons by ...
Electric Currents – The Key to Magnetic Fields
... emerges from a solid. ‡ In the Sun’s southern hemisphere, the secondary surface current is flowing northward toward the solar equator. The resulting magnetic field will emerge (north magnetic pole) to the west of the current and return down to the surface (forming a south magnetic pole) to the east ...
... emerges from a solid. ‡ In the Sun’s southern hemisphere, the secondary surface current is flowing northward toward the solar equator. The resulting magnetic field will emerge (north magnetic pole) to the west of the current and return down to the surface (forming a south magnetic pole) to the east ...
Science
... 6- Give reason for each of the following:1- The car has a volume. Because the car occupies a space. 2- Water is a matter. Because the water has mass and volume. 7- Mention one use of each of the following:1- Balance scales. ...
... 6- Give reason for each of the following:1- The car has a volume. Because the car occupies a space. 2- Water is a matter. Because the water has mass and volume. 7- Mention one use of each of the following:1- Balance scales. ...
Heliosphere
The heliosphere is the bubble-like region of space dominated by the Sun, which extends far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Plasma ""blown"" out from the Sun, known as the solar wind, creates and maintains this bubble against the outside pressure of the interstellar medium, the hydrogen and helium gas that permeates the Milky Way Galaxy. The solar wind flows outward from the Sun until encountering the termination shock, where motion slows abruptly. The Voyager spacecraft have actively explored the outer reaches of the heliosphere, passing through the shock and entering the heliosheath, a transitional region which is in turn bounded by the outermost edge of the heliosphere, called the heliopause. The overall shape of the heliosphere is controlled by the interstellar medium, through which it is traveling, as well as the Sun, and does not appear to be perfectly spherical. The limited data available and unexplored nature of these structures have resulted in many theories.On September 12, 2013, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had exited the heliosphere on August 25, 2012, when it measured a sudden increase in plasma density of about forty times. Because the heliopause marks one boundary between the Sun's solar wind and the rest of the galaxy, a spacecraft such as Voyager 1 which has departed the heliosphere can be said to have reached interstellar space.