Basis-for-Medical
... Later, after realizing that the formulation recognized two different and potentially conflicting maximanda, he dropped the second part and talked simply about "the greatest happiness principle". John Stuart Mill wrote a famous (and short) book called Utilitarianism. Although Mill was a utilitarian, ...
... Later, after realizing that the formulation recognized two different and potentially conflicting maximanda, he dropped the second part and talked simply about "the greatest happiness principle". John Stuart Mill wrote a famous (and short) book called Utilitarianism. Although Mill was a utilitarian, ...
Summa Theologicae
... - Artificial wealth is the excess that provides for natural wealth (a means to the means) - Therefore, happiness cannot come from wealth (which can only provide for one's basic needs), and not other needs (i.e. things money cannot buy) ...
... - Artificial wealth is the excess that provides for natural wealth (a means to the means) - Therefore, happiness cannot come from wealth (which can only provide for one's basic needs), and not other needs (i.e. things money cannot buy) ...
Utilitarianism: objections
... Many of the things that we do to make people happy are aimed at specific other people, our family and friends. We do them favours, buy them presents, generally spend our time and money on them. But act utilitarianism argues that in our decisions, we need to consider the greatest happiness that our a ...
... Many of the things that we do to make people happy are aimed at specific other people, our family and friends. We do them favours, buy them presents, generally spend our time and money on them. But act utilitarianism argues that in our decisions, we need to consider the greatest happiness that our a ...
Basics of Ethics CS 215 ©Denbigh Starkey
... Utilitarianism defined in this way, where it is used to determine whether or not an action is moral, later came to be called act utilitarianism when a modified form called rule utilitarianism was developed. A criticism of act utilitarianism is that it is often willing to oppress a minority in order ...
... Utilitarianism defined in this way, where it is used to determine whether or not an action is moral, later came to be called act utilitarianism when a modified form called rule utilitarianism was developed. A criticism of act utilitarianism is that it is often willing to oppress a minority in order ...
Plato: The Ring of Gyges (Republic Book 2) Imagine there is a
... 2. If a person could be certain not only that an action resulting in a personal benefit would not be found out but also that if this action were discovered, no punishing consequences would follow, then would there be any reason for that person to act morally? Glaucon believes human beings practice j ...
... 2. If a person could be certain not only that an action resulting in a personal benefit would not be found out but also that if this action were discovered, no punishing consequences would follow, then would there be any reason for that person to act morally? Glaucon believes human beings practice j ...
Document
... Many things have instrumental value, that is, they have value as means to an end. However, there must be some things which are not merely instrumental, but have value in themselves. This is what we call intrinsic value. What has intrinsic value? Four principal candidates: – Pleasure - Jeremy Bentham ...
... Many things have instrumental value, that is, they have value as means to an end. However, there must be some things which are not merely instrumental, but have value in themselves. This is what we call intrinsic value. What has intrinsic value? Four principal candidates: – Pleasure - Jeremy Bentham ...
Building Trust Through Good Decision Making
... we say we will do something, we will do it; when we say we cannot or will not do something, then we won’t do it. • Excellence-We are satisfied with nothing less than the very best in everything we do. We will continue to raise the bar for everyone. The great fun here will be for all of us to discove ...
... we say we will do something, we will do it; when we say we cannot or will not do something, then we won’t do it. • Excellence-We are satisfied with nothing less than the very best in everything we do. We will continue to raise the bar for everyone. The great fun here will be for all of us to discove ...
it is the right thing to do.
... The Utilitarianism approach of Bentham and the greatest happiness principle is deeply flawed. “Ask yourself whether you are happy and you cease to be so.” In response to Bentham, John Stuart Mill claims that happiness is an intellectual achievement, not merely pleasure. Mill argued that you cannot s ...
... The Utilitarianism approach of Bentham and the greatest happiness principle is deeply flawed. “Ask yourself whether you are happy and you cease to be so.” In response to Bentham, John Stuart Mill claims that happiness is an intellectual achievement, not merely pleasure. Mill argued that you cannot s ...
Introduction to Moral Theories and Principles that inform ethical
... accounts of morality the moral value of an act, rule or policy is to be found in its consequences, not in intentions or motives. Utilitarianism is the most influential consequentialist theory. Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century and John Stuart Mill in the 19th century formulated this way of thi ...
... accounts of morality the moral value of an act, rule or policy is to be found in its consequences, not in intentions or motives. Utilitarianism is the most influential consequentialist theory. Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century and John Stuart Mill in the 19th century formulated this way of thi ...
Session 15: Introduction to Utilitarianism
... John Rawls’ contractualism holds that the moral acts are those that we would all agree to if we were unbiased. ...
... John Rawls’ contractualism holds that the moral acts are those that we would all agree to if we were unbiased. ...
Examining Different Ethical Systems In this session we will be
... understood (someone getting fired). A deontological system, on the other hand, applies moral rules to action types and judges the rightness or wrongness of a particular action according to how it falls under the rules. So we can tell whether the act in question is right or wrong independently of our ...
... understood (someone getting fired). A deontological system, on the other hand, applies moral rules to action types and judges the rightness or wrongness of a particular action according to how it falls under the rules. So we can tell whether the act in question is right or wrong independently of our ...
From Ethical Theory to Practice
... basis of these. But is this possible with no guidance from principles at all? ...
... basis of these. But is this possible with no guidance from principles at all? ...
Essay - IPO2012
... humans must be compared in their state of suffering. Consider different scenarios of suffering: A rock hits the head of B (dog) and A (human). A and B fail their matriculation examinations. A and B wallow in the darkest vacuums of existentialist despair. Although the last two examples are rather fri ...
... humans must be compared in their state of suffering. Consider different scenarios of suffering: A rock hits the head of B (dog) and A (human). A and B fail their matriculation examinations. A and B wallow in the darkest vacuums of existentialist despair. Although the last two examples are rather fri ...
Chapter 3: How Can I Know What is Right?
... Ethical skeptics – doubt whether there is such a thing as moral truth Ethical relativists – deny that there are any ...
... Ethical skeptics – doubt whether there is such a thing as moral truth Ethical relativists – deny that there are any ...
What follows is a brief summary of the material on Kant
... 1) Perform only those actions that you can will as universally binding on all people at all times. 2) always treat people as ends in themselves and not JUST as means to an end. (moral respect for persons) Act/Rule Deontology: As with utilitarianism, there are two general forms of deontology – act an ...
... 1) Perform only those actions that you can will as universally binding on all people at all times. 2) always treat people as ends in themselves and not JUST as means to an end. (moral respect for persons) Act/Rule Deontology: As with utilitarianism, there are two general forms of deontology – act an ...
Major Theories in Moral Philosophy
... Could we want our action to become a universal moral law for everyone to follow? Virtue Ethics: Focus on developing a good character, enabling a person to make the right decision based on character traits such as loyalty, honor, compassion, and courage. Debate between Free Will and Hard Determin ...
... Could we want our action to become a universal moral law for everyone to follow? Virtue Ethics: Focus on developing a good character, enabling a person to make the right decision based on character traits such as loyalty, honor, compassion, and courage. Debate between Free Will and Hard Determin ...
Ethics Discussion Thomas N. Davidson, JD
... Altruism is an ethical doctrine that holds that individuals have an ethical obligation to help, serve, or benefit others, if necessary at the sacrifice of self interest. ...
... Altruism is an ethical doctrine that holds that individuals have an ethical obligation to help, serve, or benefit others, if necessary at the sacrifice of self interest. ...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
... Popular use of the term ‘well-being’ usually relates to health. A doctor's surgery may run a ‘Women's Well-being Clinic’, for example. Philosophical use is broader, but related, and amounts to the notion of how well a person's life is going for that person. A person's well-being is what is ‘good for ...
... Popular use of the term ‘well-being’ usually relates to health. A doctor's surgery may run a ‘Women's Well-being Clinic’, for example. Philosophical use is broader, but related, and amounts to the notion of how well a person's life is going for that person. A person's well-being is what is ‘good for ...
Does it feel good? (Emotions)
... Modernity: emancipation of thought from nature and religion, the subject becomes central, society is perceived from the point of view of the subject. Kant’s systematic inquiry How do we think? (pure reason) How do we act? (practical reason) How do we perceive? (faculty to judge) What is a mo ...
... Modernity: emancipation of thought from nature and religion, the subject becomes central, society is perceived from the point of view of the subject. Kant’s systematic inquiry How do we think? (pure reason) How do we act? (practical reason) How do we perceive? (faculty to judge) What is a mo ...
STOLZE - PHILOSOPHY 102
... “For preference utilitarians, taking the life of a person will normally be worse than taking the life of some other being, because persons are highly future-oriented in their preferences. To kill a person is therefore, normally, to violate not just one but a wide range of the most central and signif ...
... “For preference utilitarians, taking the life of a person will normally be worse than taking the life of some other being, because persons are highly future-oriented in their preferences. To kill a person is therefore, normally, to violate not just one but a wide range of the most central and signif ...
Normative Ethical Theory
... the natural order, in the ends proper to human beings, or in feelings. In contrast, Kant seeks the conditions of the possibility of morality and locates them in autonomy: the will’s capacity for self-legislation. Why in a capacity of the will? Because a good will is intrinsically good, other featu ...
... the natural order, in the ends proper to human beings, or in feelings. In contrast, Kant seeks the conditions of the possibility of morality and locates them in autonomy: the will’s capacity for self-legislation. Why in a capacity of the will? Because a good will is intrinsically good, other featu ...
Hinduism
... So, why isn’t the successful life fulfilling? (Well, it is … more on this later … but it isn’t fulfilling for human nature) Criticism #3: The same problem pleasure had: success centers on the self, and the self is too small for “perpetual enthusiasm.” (but, what if you don’t like other people, and d ...
... So, why isn’t the successful life fulfilling? (Well, it is … more on this later … but it isn’t fulfilling for human nature) Criticism #3: The same problem pleasure had: success centers on the self, and the self is too small for “perpetual enthusiasm.” (but, what if you don’t like other people, and d ...
Hinduism
... So, why isn’t the successful life fulfilling? (Well, it is … more on this later … but it isn’t fulfilling for human nature) Criticism #3: The same problem pleasure had: success centers on the self, and the self is too small for “perpetual enthusiasm.” (but, what if you don’t like other people, and d ...
... So, why isn’t the successful life fulfilling? (Well, it is … more on this later … but it isn’t fulfilling for human nature) Criticism #3: The same problem pleasure had: success centers on the self, and the self is too small for “perpetual enthusiasm.” (but, what if you don’t like other people, and d ...
Ethical egoism
... standards or norms will stipulate criteria that make an action wrong or right. The main focus of this division of ethics is on determining and formulating principles that ought to guide human conduct, leading to the formulation of normative theories by philosophies. The first set of theories is Tele ...
... standards or norms will stipulate criteria that make an action wrong or right. The main focus of this division of ethics is on determining and formulating principles that ought to guide human conduct, leading to the formulation of normative theories by philosophies. The first set of theories is Tele ...