Lawrence Kohlberg`s Stages of Moral Development from Wikipedia
... ethical principles—principles that typically include such basic human rights as life, liberty, and justice. People who exhibit post-conventional morality view rules as useful but changeable mechanisms—ideally rules can maintain the general social order and protect human rights. Rules are not absolut ...
... ethical principles—principles that typically include such basic human rights as life, liberty, and justice. People who exhibit post-conventional morality view rules as useful but changeable mechanisms—ideally rules can maintain the general social order and protect human rights. Rules are not absolut ...
Psychological Egoism
... There are two important aspects to highlight regarding how psychological egoism and altruism relate to one another. First, psychological egoism makes a stronger, universal claim that all of our ultimate desires are egoistic, while psychological altruism merely makes the weaker claim that some of our ...
... There are two important aspects to highlight regarding how psychological egoism and altruism relate to one another. First, psychological egoism makes a stronger, universal claim that all of our ultimate desires are egoistic, while psychological altruism merely makes the weaker claim that some of our ...
Framework for Thinking Ethically
... list of moral rights -including the rights to make one's own choices about what kind of life to lead, to be told the truth, not to be injured, to a degree of privacy, and so onis widely debated; some now argue that non-humans have rights, too. Also, it is often said that rights imply duties-in parti ...
... list of moral rights -including the rights to make one's own choices about what kind of life to lead, to be told the truth, not to be injured, to a degree of privacy, and so onis widely debated; some now argue that non-humans have rights, too. Also, it is often said that rights imply duties-in parti ...
Ethical Decision Making
... The rightness or wrongness of an action is usually judged according to its conformity to an absolute rule that commands a particular form of behavior. The motive of the actor is irrelevant in judging the rightness or the wrongness of the action. These rules often involve an element of ...
... The rightness or wrongness of an action is usually judged according to its conformity to an absolute rule that commands a particular form of behavior. The motive of the actor is irrelevant in judging the rightness or the wrongness of the action. These rules often involve an element of ...
Ethical Decision Making and Personality Type – Leo Klug
... When grappling with ethical dilemmas, ethicists refer to the outcome of their deliberations as resolutions more than solutions. Problems have solutions. Ethical dilemmas, at best, lead to resolutions.3 Most ethicists hold that the scientific method used in human problem solving is not identical to t ...
... When grappling with ethical dilemmas, ethicists refer to the outcome of their deliberations as resolutions more than solutions. Problems have solutions. Ethical dilemmas, at best, lead to resolutions.3 Most ethicists hold that the scientific method used in human problem solving is not identical to t ...
I. Ethical Systems: An ethical system is….
... An ethical system is the source of one’s moral beliefs and the underlying set of rules from which we make judgments. Once developed, an ethical system is considered a fundamental truth by its owner. Baelz suggests that ethical systems demand or proscribe certain behavior, are authoritative, apply un ...
... An ethical system is the source of one’s moral beliefs and the underlying set of rules from which we make judgments. Once developed, an ethical system is considered a fundamental truth by its owner. Baelz suggests that ethical systems demand or proscribe certain behavior, are authoritative, apply un ...
dubos and hume on the paradox of tragedy
... health and avert us from what is bad for our health. This is not to say, of course, that our feelings of pleasure (or of displeasure) are altogether reliable indicators of what is good (or bad) for our health, nor is it to suggest that such feelings reveal what is good (or bad) for us, all things co ...
... health and avert us from what is bad for our health. This is not to say, of course, that our feelings of pleasure (or of displeasure) are altogether reliable indicators of what is good (or bad) for our health, nor is it to suggest that such feelings reveal what is good (or bad) for us, all things co ...
Schopenhauer and Buddhism - What-Buddha
... saw it, she asked in astonishment what it was. “It is the Victoriously Awakened One,” said Schopenhauer. With an inquisitive look at the exotic cross-legged posture and the Dhamma-teaching Mudra of his fingers, she answered: “Hm, your Victoriously Awakened One looks rather like a little tailor!” Unf ...
... saw it, she asked in astonishment what it was. “It is the Victoriously Awakened One,” said Schopenhauer. With an inquisitive look at the exotic cross-legged posture and the Dhamma-teaching Mudra of his fingers, she answered: “Hm, your Victoriously Awakened One looks rather like a little tailor!” Unf ...
James Rachels, “Ethical Egoism”.
... a. Presents “common-sense morality”: although we should look after our own selfinterest, we also have a duty to care for others, especially if it’s at minimum cost to ourselves. b. Presents viewpoint of “Ethical Egoism”: we ought to look out only for what is in our own self-interest (i.e., no “natur ...
... a. Presents “common-sense morality”: although we should look after our own selfinterest, we also have a duty to care for others, especially if it’s at minimum cost to ourselves. b. Presents viewpoint of “Ethical Egoism”: we ought to look out only for what is in our own self-interest (i.e., no “natur ...
3. Hume - CSUN.edu
... question the existence of God. a. Most proofs for the existence of God rely on design and causality. But as he claimed previously, there is no empirical evidence for the existence of causality so proofs of God that rely on causality prove nothing. b. Furthermore, the order of the universe is simply ...
... question the existence of God. a. Most proofs for the existence of God rely on design and causality. But as he claimed previously, there is no empirical evidence for the existence of causality so proofs of God that rely on causality prove nothing. b. Furthermore, the order of the universe is simply ...
Motive Utilitarianism DRAFT - Gwen Bradford
... possible, or as those motives that are possible for the agent in question. Once the relevant motives have been established, the conditions in which utility is evaluated need to be set: utility could be calculated supposing that all agents, universally, have these motives, or it could be calculated s ...
... possible, or as those motives that are possible for the agent in question. Once the relevant motives have been established, the conditions in which utility is evaluated need to be set: utility could be calculated supposing that all agents, universally, have these motives, or it could be calculated s ...
ppt檔案
... T08. 後果 (consequences) :預測未來 This approach to ethics does not presume that any action is intrinsically right or wrong, but proposes that the action which will likely have the best consequences is ...
... T08. 後果 (consequences) :預測未來 This approach to ethics does not presume that any action is intrinsically right or wrong, but proposes that the action which will likely have the best consequences is ...
Ethical Problems Strengths and Weakness
... Criticisms of Virtue Ethics The biggest criticism of Virtue Ethics is that it doesn't give clear guidance on how to act in specific circumstances. It cannot tell us what the law should be about abortion, euthanasia, preimplantation genetic diagnosis etc. It gives no clear answer to questions such a ...
... Criticisms of Virtue Ethics The biggest criticism of Virtue Ethics is that it doesn't give clear guidance on how to act in specific circumstances. It cannot tell us what the law should be about abortion, euthanasia, preimplantation genetic diagnosis etc. It gives no clear answer to questions such a ...
When Maxims Clash: Categorical Imperative and
... for the quality of it; the theory also provides a basis on which one may continue to uphold the supremacy of human rationality. First of all, how, then, may one determine the quality of happiness? John Stuart Mill, a nineteenth-century British philosopher known primarily for his consequentialist-uti ...
... for the quality of it; the theory also provides a basis on which one may continue to uphold the supremacy of human rationality. First of all, how, then, may one determine the quality of happiness? John Stuart Mill, a nineteenth-century British philosopher known primarily for his consequentialist-uti ...
Traditional Moral TheoryPosted09
... Kant s ethics lead to rigidly insensitive rules and so cannot take account of differences between cases Kant identifies ethical duties that are too abstract to apply . If this is so this theory may not be action guiding. Some serious criticisms are directed at Kant’s moral psychology. Kant says we o ...
... Kant s ethics lead to rigidly insensitive rules and so cannot take account of differences between cases Kant identifies ethical duties that are too abstract to apply . If this is so this theory may not be action guiding. Some serious criticisms are directed at Kant’s moral psychology. Kant says we o ...
Business Ethics
... • Assess gain over harm (pleasure/pain) • General happiness, not individual • Mill adds altruism and concern for others to Bentham’s pleasure/pain • Mill adds rules which create general welfare based on past experience www.philosophicalinvestigations.co. uk ...
... • Assess gain over harm (pleasure/pain) • General happiness, not individual • Mill adds altruism and concern for others to Bentham’s pleasure/pain • Mill adds rules which create general welfare based on past experience www.philosophicalinvestigations.co. uk ...
Utilitarianism in a Nutshell
... people engage in this type of utilitarian calculus automatically when they are contemplating important decisions in life. Every time we weigh the pros and cons of a certain action, we are essentially engaged in a type of utilitarian calculus. There are two major forms that utilitarianism usually tak ...
... people engage in this type of utilitarian calculus automatically when they are contemplating important decisions in life. Every time we weigh the pros and cons of a certain action, we are essentially engaged in a type of utilitarian calculus. There are two major forms that utilitarianism usually tak ...
Introduction to Ethics - ACFE San Diego Chapter
... ethics based on critical thinking • Socrates: real moral knowledge existed and could be discovered through argument and debate • Plato: real moral knowledge existed, but it could only be discovered by a few “experts” • Aristotle: ethics could be determined by ordinary practical ...
... ethics based on critical thinking • Socrates: real moral knowledge existed and could be discovered through argument and debate • Plato: real moral knowledge existed, but it could only be discovered by a few “experts” • Aristotle: ethics could be determined by ordinary practical ...
Alienation, Consequentialism, and the
... in a way detrimental to human flourishing, I will consider a related problem the solution to which may suggest a way of steering around obstacles to a more direct approach. One version of the so-called "paradox of hedonism" is that adopting as one's exclusive ultimate end in Me the pursuit of maximu ...
... in a way detrimental to human flourishing, I will consider a related problem the solution to which may suggest a way of steering around obstacles to a more direct approach. One version of the so-called "paradox of hedonism" is that adopting as one's exclusive ultimate end in Me the pursuit of maximu ...
Lecture 5: Consequential and Deontological Ethics:
... assumes the predisposition that one wishes to be rational and will follow what rationally determined duty dictates (in contrast to hypothetical imperatives which means that the consequent depends upon the antecedent: If p, then q). Thus, morality is a function of human reason. Human reason is govern ...
... assumes the predisposition that one wishes to be rational and will follow what rationally determined duty dictates (in contrast to hypothetical imperatives which means that the consequent depends upon the antecedent: If p, then q). Thus, morality is a function of human reason. Human reason is govern ...
Griffin entry
... do by first determining the costs and benefits of the various options open to us and then by selecting the option with the greatest net aggregate well-being. This is not a very good decision procedure for agents like us, who often lack reliable information, decent information-gathering skills, time ...
... do by first determining the costs and benefits of the various options open to us and then by selecting the option with the greatest net aggregate well-being. This is not a very good decision procedure for agents like us, who often lack reliable information, decent information-gathering skills, time ...
Mgmt 308 Chap007 - Cal State LA
... Christian managers often seek guidance in the Bible. In Islam the Koran is a source of ethical inspiration. In the Jewish tradition, managers can turn to rabbinic moral commentary in the Talmud and the books of Moses in the Torah. ...
... Christian managers often seek guidance in the Bible. In Islam the Koran is a source of ethical inspiration. In the Jewish tradition, managers can turn to rabbinic moral commentary in the Talmud and the books of Moses in the Torah. ...
Meta Ethics - WordPress.com
... • He rejected Kant’s idea of duty for the sake of duty – it doesn’t guide us into morality or give human satisfaction. Bradley concluded that the better approach was to pursue self-realisation within the community: ‘. . . We have found the end, we have found self realisation, duty and happiness in o ...
... • He rejected Kant’s idea of duty for the sake of duty – it doesn’t guide us into morality or give human satisfaction. Bradley concluded that the better approach was to pursue self-realisation within the community: ‘. . . We have found the end, we have found self realisation, duty and happiness in o ...