Parallel Electric Field of a Mirror Kinetic Alfvén Wave
... tric field of this wave exists only with a time varying field aligned current. Therefore, this wave is applicable to small scale, transient phenomena only. There are two types of so called “kinetic Alfvén wave” depending on the electron thermal speed. When the electron thermal speed is much higher ...
... tric field of this wave exists only with a time varying field aligned current. Therefore, this wave is applicable to small scale, transient phenomena only. There are two types of so called “kinetic Alfvén wave” depending on the electron thermal speed. When the electron thermal speed is much higher ...
Electron acceleration due to small pulses in shock waves in
... In Sec. III, we use a one-dimensional 共one space coordinate and three velocities兲, relativistic, electromagnetic particle simulation code to study the effect of inhomogeneity of the external magnetic field and plasma density. Shock waves propagate in the direction perpendicular to the external magne ...
... In Sec. III, we use a one-dimensional 共one space coordinate and three velocities兲, relativistic, electromagnetic particle simulation code to study the effect of inhomogeneity of the external magnetic field and plasma density. Shock waves propagate in the direction perpendicular to the external magne ...
Scaling of the inner electron diffusion region in collisionless
... which in turn is convected along the separatrices. [39] As it was pointed out previously, the electron velocity is directed parallel to the X-line first. Electrons are turned to the outflow direction away from the EDR approximately over a local Larmor radius rLe ≅ mevAec/(eBz). From the fluid point ...
... which in turn is convected along the separatrices. [39] As it was pointed out previously, the electron velocity is directed parallel to the X-line first. Electrons are turned to the outflow direction away from the EDR approximately over a local Larmor radius rLe ≅ mevAec/(eBz). From the fluid point ...
Measurement of the electric field radiated by electrostatic discharges
... magnetic field but worse for the electric field. The two different probes that were used gave different results, proving that the measurement of the electromagnetic field is a very challenging task. It should be noted that in [13] the authors tried to put the gun in aluminium foil in order to make t ...
... magnetic field but worse for the electric field. The two different probes that were used gave different results, proving that the measurement of the electromagnetic field is a very challenging task. It should be noted that in [13] the authors tried to put the gun in aluminium foil in order to make t ...
Invisible Forces - Magnetic Forces
... Students may hear of cases of magnets being used to improve health, as a water softener, or on vehicle fuel lines. There is no evidence to support the usefulness of magnets in these situations. For example, in the case of hard water, most of the minerals present are not magnetic and would not be att ...
... Students may hear of cases of magnets being used to improve health, as a water softener, or on vehicle fuel lines. There is no evidence to support the usefulness of magnets in these situations. For example, in the case of hard water, most of the minerals present are not magnetic and would not be att ...
Störmer
... charge, depending on the conditions under which they have been prepared. And yet we know with certainty that none of these electrons has split up into pieces. Fractional charge is the most puzzling of the observations, but there are others. Quantum numbers—usually integers or half-integers—turn out ...
... charge, depending on the conditions under which they have been prepared. And yet we know with certainty that none of these electrons has split up into pieces. Fractional charge is the most puzzling of the observations, but there are others. Quantum numbers—usually integers or half-integers—turn out ...
Effect of insulating layer material on RF
... for all capacitors on end rings for the first broadband simulation. The broadband pulse is added on one single rung while other rungs are modeled as conductors without sources; (2) the frequency domain voltage or current on capacitors are then extracted to inspect if appropriate resonant frequency i ...
... for all capacitors on end rings for the first broadband simulation. The broadband pulse is added on one single rung while other rungs are modeled as conductors without sources; (2) the frequency domain voltage or current on capacitors are then extracted to inspect if appropriate resonant frequency i ...
Electromagnet
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. Electromagnets usually consist of a large number of closely spaced turns of wire that create the magnetic field. The wire turns are often wound around a magnetic core made from a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material such as iron; the magnetic core concentrates the magnetic flux and makes a more powerful magnet.The main advantage of an electromagnet over a permanent magnet is that the magnetic field can be quickly changed by controlling the amount of electric current in the winding. However, unlike a permanent magnet that needs no power, an electromagnet requires a continuous supply of current to maintain the magnetic field.Electromagnets are widely used as components of other electrical devices, such as motors, generators, relays, loudspeakers, hard disks, MRI machines, scientific instruments, and magnetic separation equipment. Electromagnets are also employed in industry for picking up and moving heavy iron objects such as scrap iron and steel.