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PIN and APD Photodiode characteristics
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... Quantum efficiency is defined for photodiodes as the fraction of incident photons having sufficient energy to liberate electrons. The symbol used is R and by definition it is dependent both on wave-length and photodiode material. Responsivity of a photodiode is a practical measure of output current ...
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... vector and input line current vector, have fixed directions, as represented in Figure. 2 and 3, and will be named “active configurations.” The magnitude of these vectors depends upon the instantaneous values of the input line-to-neutral voltages and output line currents respectively as shown in Tabl ...
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... not contain common-mode components that could otherwise be present due to circuit nonlinearities or power supply noise. Thus, no problems will be created by these components in the case of a following stage with limited input common-mode rejection. Accurately balancing the outputs has the added adva ...
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... mA and 4-20 mA outputs are notori2 + 3.50 = 3.75, or one-half the ous for zero and span control interacdifference between the reading tion. If, when performing step 6 in and the desired value.) the calibrating section on page 2, 2. Set the source current of the your output meter displayed a value Fl ...
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Schmitt trigger



In electronics a Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit with hysteresis implemented by applying positive feedback to the noninverting input of a comparator or differential amplifier. It is an active circuit which converts an analog input signal to a digital output signal. The circuit is named a ""trigger"" because the output retains its value until the input changes sufficiently to trigger a change. In the non-inverting configuration, when the input is higher than a chosen threshold, the output is high. When the input is below a different (lower) chosen threshold the output is low, and when the input is between the two levels the output retains its value. This dual threshold action is called hysteresis and implies that the Schmitt trigger possesses memory and can act as a bistable multivibrator (latch or flip-flop). There is a close relation between the two kinds of circuits: a Schmitt trigger can be converted into a latch and a latch can be converted into a Schmitt trigger.Schmitt trigger devices are typically used in signal conditioning applications to remove noise from signals used in digital circuits, particularly mechanical contact bounce. They are also used in closed loop negative feedback configurations to implement relaxation oscillators, used in function generators and switching power supplies.
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