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Mirror symmetry and the half-filled Landau level
Mirror symmetry and the half-filled Landau level

... matching the Hilbert space of the two theories. Additional evidence for the duality was provided recently by a matching of 3-sphere partition functions by Kapustin, Willett, and Yaakov [49]. Following convention, we refer to the duality as mirror symmetry. As we review in the next section, mirror sy ...
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... leakage and decoherence in quantum computing schemes in which Si QDs serve as the qubits. This is an additional reason for trying to understand its consequences. In earlier work, we showed that valley degeneracy produces a novel Kondo effect in N = 1 Si QDs9 . We will show below that for double-elec ...
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... features and also possible differences in how the crust breaks which could be used to distinguish between them. Our model NS is composed of protons, neutrons and electrons, but the electrons have negligible inertia and their chemical potential can simply be added as an extra contribution to that of ...
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... As children of the computer revolution, you must be familiar with the idea of a bit of information. The bit is a system that can only has two possible states: 1/0 or up/down or on/off or dead cat/live cat etc. Let’s use up/down for now. Such binary systems are also called (obviously) two-state syste ...
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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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