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Chapter 23
Chapter 23

Global Magnetospheric Plasma Convection Stefan Eriksson
Global Magnetospheric Plasma Convection Stefan Eriksson

Lecture Notes on Classical Field Theory
Lecture Notes on Classical Field Theory

Chapter 7 Probability Amplitudes
Chapter 7 Probability Amplitudes

Presentation silde on Ampere`s Law and Guases Law
Presentation silde on Ampere`s Law and Guases Law

moving charges and magnetism
moving charges and magnetism

Document
Document

Experimental realization of Shor`s quantum factoring algorithm using
Experimental realization of Shor`s quantum factoring algorithm using

... computer was used, so the measurement gives the bit-wise average value of 8c/r, instead of a sample of 8c/r. This is suf®cient to determine r in the present experiment, but for larger N a continued fractions algorithm will need to be performed on the quantum computer11, requiring additional qubits. ...
Shock drift acceleration
Shock drift acceleration

Saimaa University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Technology, Lappeenranta
Saimaa University of Applied Sciences Faculty of Technology, Lappeenranta

... Figure 2.1. Conductive material is placed between two poles of an electromagnet (Tipler 1990). The EMF of induction that initiates eddy currents arises following both Faraday’s law of induction and Lenz’s law. In a brief explanation, experiments held by Faraday showed that any change of a magnetic ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... • a consideration of how this current enters and leaves the outer ring of filaments shows that there must be a linear current density gz (A/m) along the wire where ...
Mechanisms of Electrical Coupling Between Pyramidal Cells
Mechanisms of Electrical Coupling Between Pyramidal Cells

... that of an action potential, are referred to as spikelets. They are particularly interesting because they appear to be first derivatives of action potentials (Valiante et al. 1995), which is indicative of field coupling (Bardakjian and Vigmond 1994). Furthermore, it was observed that measures that i ...
Asymptotic Equivalence of KMS States in Rindler spacetime
Asymptotic Equivalence of KMS States in Rindler spacetime

... A state ω on A is called a β-KMS state for β > 0, if for all A, B ∈ A there exists a bounded continuous function FA,B : Sβ := R × i[0, β] −→ C, holomorphic in the interior of Sβ , such that for all t ∈ R FA,B (t) = ω(Aαt (B)), ...
Quantum discreteness is an illusion
Quantum discreteness is an illusion

... to find, since all variables are usually entangled in a complicated way. Only approximate or effective solutions, often in terms of phenomenological variables, are then available. Coupled harmonic oscillators provide a very fortunate exception – even when they are themselves based on an approximatio ...
Gauss`s Law
Gauss`s Law

Exciton Beats in GaAs Quantum Wells: Bosonic Representation and Collective... J. Fern´andez-Rossier and C. Tejedor
Exciton Beats in GaAs Quantum Wells: Bosonic Representation and Collective... J. Fern´andez-Rossier and C. Tejedor

... resulting beats [1–4,11,12] are not due to (single-exciton) quantum interference, as advocated by few-level models, but to polarization interference associated with the emission of phased arrays of classical antennas. Finally, we consider Rayleigh scattering experiments [3,4,11,12] and show that the ...
1 Notes on Huygens` Principle In the 17th Century, Christiaan
1 Notes on Huygens` Principle In the 17th Century, Christiaan

... In the 17th Century, Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) proposed what we now know as Huygens’ Principle. We often invoke Huygens’ Principle as one of the fundamental concepts of waves and wave optics, but textbooks seldom justify it or even explain it in much detail. A typical statement of the principle ...
On wind-driven electrojets at magnetic cusps
On wind-driven electrojets at magnetic cusps

... spheric density was largest. Similary, the weakest currents were found in regions of low ionospheric density, in plasma voids. This is due in large part to the fact that the current density is directly proportional to the ionospheric density given an approximately constant difference between the ion ...
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT Scheme and Syllabus for 2010 M.Sc. (Physics) Programme(CSS)
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT Scheme and Syllabus for 2010 M.Sc. (Physics) Programme(CSS)

... a)Scattering cross section: General considerations, kinematics of scattering process : differential and total cross- section: wave mechanical picture of scattering ;the scattering amplitude Green’s functions; formal expression for scattering amplitude. b)The Born And Elkonal Approximations :The born ...
The Dirac equation in an external magnetic field in the context
The Dirac equation in an external magnetic field in the context

Maxwell`s Original Equations - The General Science Journal
Maxwell`s Original Equations - The General Science Journal

Electrokinetic particle aggregation patterns in microvortices due to
Electrokinetic particle aggregation patterns in microvortices due to

02_DC Machines - UniMAP Portal
02_DC Machines - UniMAP Portal

Electric Fields
Electric Fields

Electrostatic Forces, Fields, Energy, and Interaction
Electrostatic Forces, Fields, Energy, and Interaction

< 1 ... 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 ... 661 >

Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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