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Strong-Disorder Fixed Point in the Dissipative Random Transverse-Field Ising Model
Strong-Disorder Fixed Point in the Dissipative Random Transverse-Field Ising Model

... The presence of quenched disorder in a quantum mechanical system may have drastic effects, in particular, close to and at a quantum critical point. The appearance of Griffiths-McCoy singularities [1,2], leading to the divergence of various quantities like the susceptibility at zero temperature even ...
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... It is convenient to introduce the area vector A = A nˆ where n̂ is a unit vector in the direction normal to the plane of the loop. The direction of the positive sense of n̂ is set by the conventional right-hand rule. In our case, we have n̂ = +kˆ . The above expression for torque can then be rewritt ...
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... versus field curve for BH has in fact a sombrero shape, with minimum at B E ) 0.22 a.u. The field strength defining the energy minimum characterises the transition of the system from closed-shell paramagnetic to closed-shell diamagnetic. This follows from the slope of the energy curve changed by sig ...
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... proton annihilation to study gluonic excitations, glueballs and hybrids in the charmonium mass range. The antiproton beam – momentum extending to 15 GeV/c – is incident on a fixed hydrogen target inside a superconducting solenoid, which, together with a forward large acceptance dipole magnet, will f ...
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... The polarization is defined by the dipole moment per unit volume, so the total dipole moment in the volume d ∆ y ∆ z is: r P D v = d D y D z e o c e E o cos w t e$ x This is equivalent to two charges, each equal to Q = e o c e D y Dz Eo cosw t , separated by distance d . The associated current is: ...
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... Based on first principles we have obtained a transparent and justified dynamical picture. Each eigenfunction of a bound particle is a specific superposition of plane waves that fulfills the averaged energy relation. The Schrodinger and Dirac equations are the conditions that the particle eigenfuncti ...
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... This field has an x component dEx = dE Cos  along the x axis and a component dE perpendicular to the x axis. As we see in Figure 6-b, however, the resultant field at P must lie along the x axis because the perpendicular components of all the various charge segments sum to zero. That is, the perpen ...
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... some processes, the magnetic fields enhance the rates while for others the magnetic fields strongly suppress certain processes. The reader will probably note that the majority of the theory and the calculations use classical mechanics to obtain results. Since the positron is light and has low energy ...
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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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