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z = -l
z = -l

... Poynting theorem states that the total power flow leaving the volume is equal to t he decrease of the energy densities of energy stored in the electric and magnetic fi elds and the dissipated ohmic power. The theorem can be explained as shown in the diagram below : ...
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... in rapid succession. Typically, mixtures of 2  106 degenerate fermions at T=TF  0:25 with a condensed 23 Na cloud of 2  106 atoms were produced at a temperature of 900 nK. The peak densities were 1  1013 cm3 for 6 Li and 2  1014 cm3 for 23 Na. The lifetime of the mixture was longer than 10 s. ...
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... where position (x2 , y2 , z2 ) is the same as position (x2 , y2 , z2 ), physical entities 1 and 2 are no longer entangled, while physical entity 1 with mass m1 and charge Q1 still jumps discontinuously between positions (x1 , y1 , z1 ) ...
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... Q. Given the rules above, can Lx=Ly=0? That is, can L=Lz? A. Yes, in more than one case It is possible for Lx=Ly=Lz=0 in B. Yes, but only in one case which case L = 0 so ℓ=0 and m=0 C. Never In general, if Lx=Ly=0 then L  L2x  L2y  L2z simplifies to L  Lz which means m  (  1) or m2  (  ...
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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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