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The symmetrized quantum potential and space as a direct
The symmetrized quantum potential and space as a direct

Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes

Fractional topological insulators
Fractional topological insulators

... Two ways to analyze this question: 1. A flux insertion argument ...
Paper
Paper

... off-resonant scattering of the seed and conjugate wave during the  pulse, which caused a 20% loss of atoms from the amplified waves and accounted for the dip in mode occupation seen in Fig. 3 (). Finally, beyond 300 s, amplification slows down in Fig. 3 () and departs from the numerical simulat ...
by Dr. Matti Pitkänen
by Dr. Matti Pitkänen

Selective field ionization in Li and Rb: Theory and experiment
Selective field ionization in Li and Rb: Theory and experiment

... we ignore the phase accumulation in each path; thus we follow populations instead of amplitudes. This is a very good approximation for SFI once the levels from n⫺1 and n⫹1 start to cross, since there are a very large number of paths that lead to ionization at field F, with nearly randomly varying ph ...
Nature 425, (937
Nature 425, (937

... suggested that controlled interactions between atoms on neighbouring lattice sites could be used to realize a massively parallel array of neutral-atom quantum gates5,11–14, with which a large multiparticle system could be highly entangled6 in a single operational step. Furthermore, the repeated appl ...
Spin-density wave in a quantum wire
Spin-density wave in a quantum wire

... ∆Z = gµB B is the Zeeman splitting, and EF = kF2 /2m is the Fermi-energy which is set by the two-dimensional reservours to which the wire is adiabatically connected. It is easy to see that in the absence of magnetic field SOI in (23) can be easily gauged ...
Q1. A small mass is situated at a point on a line joining two large
Q1. A small mass is situated at a point on a line joining two large

... incorrect choice was distractor A, where the students may have thought V is proportional to 1/r2. ...
Static Electricity and Magnetism Review for the Test ANSWER KEY
Static Electricity and Magnetism Review for the Test ANSWER KEY

... 1. What is the difference between an insulator and a conductor?   Provide 2 examples of each. Insulator: electrons do not move freely rubber, plastic, dry air, glass Conductor ­ electrons can move freely, permit other electrons to move through most metals, skin, wet/humid air ...
Motors, generators and alternators
Motors, generators and alternators

document
document

... in strong magnetic fields has spurred an interest in understanding how the environment distorts the avalanche process. In this paper, we extend the multiplication-assisted diffusion avalanche model to include convection from a Lorentzian force caused by a strong magnetic field. Simulations imply th ...
2016 Pre-University H2 Physics
2016 Pre-University H2 Physics

Observation of qubit state with a dc-SQUID and dissipation effect... Hideaki Takayanagi, Hirotaka Tanaka, Shiro Saito and Hayato Nakano
Observation of qubit state with a dc-SQUID and dissipation effect... Hideaki Takayanagi, Hirotaka Tanaka, Shiro Saito and Hayato Nakano

... superconductor, have appropriate scalability when we utilize the well-established nanometer-scale fabrication technology now widely used in the semiconductor industry. The short coherence time in a solid-state quantum bit is due mainly to the existence of many degrees of freedom. The gate operations ...
Magnetic circuits
Magnetic circuits

Topic 9_3__Electric field, potential and energy
Topic 9_3__Electric field, potential and energy

Nonlinear Propagation of Crossing Electromagnetic Waves in
Nonlinear Propagation of Crossing Electromagnetic Waves in

... Among other interesting phenomena [1, 2], Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and non-standard theories of the electromagnetic field[3, 4] predict that the vacuum should behave like a kind of virtual electron-positron plasma, thus allowing for photon-photon (77) scattering. However, the latter prediction ...
University of Groningen Metastable D-state spectroscopy and
University of Groningen Metastable D-state spectroscopy and

here.
here.

1 - Sumner
1 - Sumner

1. Take the acceleration due to gravity, gE, as 10 m s–2 on the
1. Take the acceleration due to gravity, gE, as 10 m s–2 on the

Theory of plasmonic waves on a chain of metallic
Theory of plasmonic waves on a chain of metallic

... particles.5–9 For chains of metallic particles, the coupling between the plasmons comes mainly from the electric field produced by the dipole moment of one nanoparticle, which induces dipole moments on the neighboring nanoparticles. The dispersion relations for both transverse (T ) and longitudinal ...
Strain-induced g-factor tuning in single InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots
Strain-induced g-factor tuning in single InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots

Spin-liquids
Spin-liquids

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 265302
Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 265302

< 1 ... 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 ... 661 >

Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic field (E, B), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero. The underlying mechanism is the coupling of the electromagnetic potential with the complex phase of a charged particle's wavefunction, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments.The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm solenoid effect, takes place when the wave function of a charged particle passing around a long solenoid experiences a phase shift as a result of the enclosed magnetic field, despite the magnetic field being negligible in the region through which the particle passes and the particle's wavefunction being negligible inside the solenoid. This phase shift has been observed experimentally. There are also magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effects on bound energies and scattering cross sections, but these cases have not been experimentally tested. An electric Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon was also predicted, in which a charged particle is affected by regions with different electrical potentials but zero electric field, but this has no experimental confirmation yet. A separate ""molecular"" Aharonov–Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is ""neither nonlocal nor topological"", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.Werner Ehrenberg and Raymond E. Siday first predicted the effect in 1949, and similar effects were later published by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959. After publication of the 1959 paper, Bohm was informed of Ehrenberg and Siday's work, which was acknowledged and credited in Bohm and Aharonov's subsequent 1961 paper.Subsequently, the effect was confirmed experimentally by several authors; a general review can be found in Peshkin and Tonomura (1989).
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