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... Where Г is the overlap factor between field and erbium ion population, σe,s and σa,s are emission and absorption cross-section of the signal respectively. N1(z) and N2(z) are the population density at ground and metastable state. The energy levels of rare earth ions are composed of relatively well-s ...
... Where Г is the overlap factor between field and erbium ion population, σe,s and σa,s are emission and absorption cross-section of the signal respectively. N1(z) and N2(z) are the population density at ground and metastable state. The energy levels of rare earth ions are composed of relatively well-s ...
Untitled - X-Ray and Neutron Science
... the structure of McXtrace and gives an example of how the actual creation of a component can be done. The third chapter introduces in finer details the generation of synchrotron radiation, whose precise modelling is explained via the wavefronts propagation package SRW. Chapter four shows the simulat ...
... the structure of McXtrace and gives an example of how the actual creation of a component can be done. The third chapter introduces in finer details the generation of synchrotron radiation, whose precise modelling is explained via the wavefronts propagation package SRW. Chapter four shows the simulat ...
Medical physics of diagnostic and therapeutic equipment_2
... C. The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state D. The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state E. The average time it takes for the electron to decay from higher state to a lower state ANSWER: E CO2 laser is A. an atomic laser B. a laser that works with m ...
... C. The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state D. The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state E. The average time it takes for the electron to decay from higher state to a lower state ANSWER: E CO2 laser is A. an atomic laser B. a laser that works with m ...
Department of medical physics diagnostic and treatment equipment
... C. The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state D. The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state E. The average time it takes for the electron to decay from higher state to a lower state ANSWER: E CO2 laser is A. an atomic laser B. a laser that works with m ...
... C. The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state D. The longest time an unstable atom can exist in this unstable state E. The average time it takes for the electron to decay from higher state to a lower state ANSWER: E CO2 laser is A. an atomic laser B. a laser that works with m ...
Real and Imaginary Properties of Epsilon-Near
... much inferior to real metals as a waveguiding material. As we have discussed above in conjunction with Eq. (7), this is due to the weak confinement: the energy leaks into the ENZ material where it is absorbed. For a rectangular SiO2 waveguide of 500 × 500 nm cross section in the ENZ ITO, we used the ...
... much inferior to real metals as a waveguiding material. As we have discussed above in conjunction with Eq. (7), this is due to the weak confinement: the energy leaks into the ENZ material where it is absorbed. For a rectangular SiO2 waveguide of 500 × 500 nm cross section in the ENZ ITO, we used the ...
Sample Chapter
... For producing glass optical fibres, silica is preferred as the basic material whose refractive index is 1.458 (at 850 nm). Using suitable dopants of fluorine or other oxides such as B2O3, GeO2 and P2O5, core materials with higher refractive indices can be produced. Silica is used as the cladding for ...
... For producing glass optical fibres, silica is preferred as the basic material whose refractive index is 1.458 (at 850 nm). Using suitable dopants of fluorine or other oxides such as B2O3, GeO2 and P2O5, core materials with higher refractive indices can be produced. Silica is used as the cladding for ...
Fluorescence of coumarins and xanthenes after two
... for Rhodamines by Bradley et al.5 and Hermann and Ducuing6 at ruby and neodymium frequencies for which results of the two-photon cross sections were given.6,7 Two-photon absorption is of interest in spectroscopy because two-photon transitions are governed by different selection rules than one-photon ...
... for Rhodamines by Bradley et al.5 and Hermann and Ducuing6 at ruby and neodymium frequencies for which results of the two-photon cross sections were given.6,7 Two-photon absorption is of interest in spectroscopy because two-photon transitions are governed by different selection rules than one-photon ...
Selective Trapping or Rotation of Isotropic Dielectric Microparticles
... manipulation can be easily achieved by changing the handedness of the circularly polarized excitation. In the current work, qualitative demonstrations of this novel working principle are presented. Interesting future outlooks include quantitative and statistical investigations over the ability to ma ...
... manipulation can be easily achieved by changing the handedness of the circularly polarized excitation. In the current work, qualitative demonstrations of this novel working principle are presented. Interesting future outlooks include quantitative and statistical investigations over the ability to ma ...
Polarization Entanglement Storage in Ensemble-Based ARCHIVES
... nodes decreases exponentially with channel length. The possibility of creating scalable optical quantum networks requires that we overcome this difficulty by storing and processing quantum information locally in quantum memories: first, as repeaters increasing network scalability, and second, as lig ...
... nodes decreases exponentially with channel length. The possibility of creating scalable optical quantum networks requires that we overcome this difficulty by storing and processing quantum information locally in quantum memories: first, as repeaters increasing network scalability, and second, as lig ...
Full text - UvA/FNWI - University of Amsterdam
... after sending it to Einstein, who realized its importance, the work gained the interest of the scientic ...
... after sending it to Einstein, who realized its importance, the work gained the interest of the scientic ...
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... At narrow widths, the spectrum of the initial beam is wide and may couple strongly to the higher-order spectral bands, leading to rapid diffraction and breakup of the initial beam. Broad beams instead populate many lattice sites, and so result in a beam structure far from any stable stationary confi ...
... At narrow widths, the spectrum of the initial beam is wide and may couple strongly to the higher-order spectral bands, leading to rapid diffraction and breakup of the initial beam. Broad beams instead populate many lattice sites, and so result in a beam structure far from any stable stationary confi ...
Chapter 5 Experimental Apparatus II
... to suppression of the absorption of rescattered light in the MOT. The second-hand absorption of photons that have already been spontaneously scattered by MOT atoms, or “radiation trapping,” leads to temperature and density limitations in free-space MOTs [Sesko91; Ellinger94]. These rescattering even ...
... to suppression of the absorption of rescattered light in the MOT. The second-hand absorption of photons that have already been spontaneously scattered by MOT atoms, or “radiation trapping,” leads to temperature and density limitations in free-space MOTs [Sesko91; Ellinger94]. These rescattering even ...
Metal-optic and Plasmonic Semiconductor
... that have shattered the diffraction limit. As optical materials, metals can be used to either reflect light (metal-optics) or convert light to electrical currents (plasmonics). In both cases, metals have provided ways to squeeze light beyond the diffraction limit. In this dissertation, I experimenta ...
... that have shattered the diffraction limit. As optical materials, metals can be used to either reflect light (metal-optics) or convert light to electrical currents (plasmonics). In both cases, metals have provided ways to squeeze light beyond the diffraction limit. In this dissertation, I experimenta ...
Variable Incidence Angle Fluorescence Interference Contrast
... is quoted as ,0.1 nm; however, repeated measurements of the same SiO2 step on the same chip yielded variations in thickness of as much as 1 nm, possibly indicative of some variation in thickness arising from the etch process. The SiO2 thickness determined by ellipsometry is therefore reported to 1 n ...
... is quoted as ,0.1 nm; however, repeated measurements of the same SiO2 step on the same chip yielded variations in thickness of as much as 1 nm, possibly indicative of some variation in thickness arising from the etch process. The SiO2 thickness determined by ellipsometry is therefore reported to 1 n ...
Interference experiments with the fluorescence light of Ba ions
... low light intensities, Rayleigh scattering dominates and in the strong field limit, the spectrum consists of several broad peaks. Spectrally resolved measurements of fluorescence light were performed with atomic Sodium beams by Schuda et al. in 1974 and later by Wu and Hartig et al. [20–22]. These m ...
... low light intensities, Rayleigh scattering dominates and in the strong field limit, the spectrum consists of several broad peaks. Spectrally resolved measurements of fluorescence light were performed with atomic Sodium beams by Schuda et al. in 1974 and later by Wu and Hartig et al. [20–22]. These m ...
Quantitative spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging
... of a photon, (2) the thermalization of the absorbed energy and a corresponding localized pressure increase, and (3) the propagation of this pressure perturbation as an acoustic wave due to the elastic nature of tissue. The absorption of a photon, which typically takes place on a femtosecond timescal ...
... of a photon, (2) the thermalization of the absorbed energy and a corresponding localized pressure increase, and (3) the propagation of this pressure perturbation as an acoustic wave due to the elastic nature of tissue. The absorption of a photon, which typically takes place on a femtosecond timescal ...
Two electric field Monte Carlo models of coherent backscattering of
... The photon packet continues to travel through the medium according to Eqs. (3) and (4) until it is either fully absorbed or leaves the scattering medium. At this point, any relevant quantities (e.g., the spatial distribution of light exiting the medium) can be recorded. A new photon packet is then i ...
... The photon packet continues to travel through the medium according to Eqs. (3) and (4) until it is either fully absorbed or leaves the scattering medium. At this point, any relevant quantities (e.g., the spatial distribution of light exiting the medium) can be recorded. A new photon packet is then i ...
Microsphere optical device
... energy levels When a microsphere is shaped With residual nonsphericity. This loss in degeneracy leads to a series of observable TElrni or TMlrni modes separated by an observ able free spectral range (e.g., energy or Wavelengths) for a ...
... energy levels When a microsphere is shaped With residual nonsphericity. This loss in degeneracy leads to a series of observable TElrni or TMlrni modes separated by an observ able free spectral range (e.g., energy or Wavelengths) for a ...
Optically Pumped Solid-State Lasers
... to disperse the waste heat from the optical pumping process; it has high mechanical strength, and can be grown as crystals of large size with good optical quality. The Nd3+ ions substitute within the YAG lattice in a single site so the emission and absorption lines are homogeneously broadened. Typic ...
... to disperse the waste heat from the optical pumping process; it has high mechanical strength, and can be grown as crystals of large size with good optical quality. The Nd3+ ions substitute within the YAG lattice in a single site so the emission and absorption lines are homogeneously broadened. Typic ...
MPE Tutorial Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy 5100 Patrick Henry Drive
... The probability of two-photon absorption is much smaller than that for single-photon absorption, and the probability of three-photon absorption is smaller still. The absorption probability, however, is nonlinear and increases with the square of photon intensity (I 2) for twophoton absorption and as ...
... The probability of two-photon absorption is much smaller than that for single-photon absorption, and the probability of three-photon absorption is smaller still. The absorption probability, however, is nonlinear and increases with the square of photon intensity (I 2) for twophoton absorption and as ...
Ultrafast Carrier and Lattice Dynamics in Highly
... skills paired with a sixth sense for picking the “right” graduate students enable him to create an extremely collegial and friendly environment in his research group. Throughout the years in Eric’s group I was always happy to go to “lab” in the morning — even if it was not for the work sometimes, it ...
... skills paired with a sixth sense for picking the “right” graduate students enable him to create an extremely collegial and friendly environment in his research group. Throughout the years in Eric’s group I was always happy to go to “lab” in the morning — even if it was not for the work sometimes, it ...
Ionization of Rydberg atoms by standing
... is dominated by the light intensity in the regions where the electron probability distribution P is greatest, whereas in the model based on equation (1), it is determined by the intensity at the nucleus. In Fig. 2d, we plot the ratios of tPI for initial condition CMIN to those for CMAX for the measu ...
... is dominated by the light intensity in the regions where the electron probability distribution P is greatest, whereas in the model based on equation (1), it is determined by the intensity at the nucleus. In Fig. 2d, we plot the ratios of tPI for initial condition CMIN to those for CMAX for the measu ...
NONLINEAR SCATTERING EFFECTS IN OPTICAL FIBERS
... wave is known as the Stokes wave. The signal can be considered as pump wave. Of course, high-energy photon at the so-called anti-Stokes frequency can also be created if phonon of right energy and momentum is available. There are two nonlinear scattering phenomenon in fibers and both are related to vi ...
... wave is known as the Stokes wave. The signal can be considered as pump wave. Of course, high-energy photon at the so-called anti-Stokes frequency can also be created if phonon of right energy and momentum is available. There are two nonlinear scattering phenomenon in fibers and both are related to vi ...
Theory of optical second-harmonic generation from a sphere of
... The electromagnetic theory of optical second-harmonic generation from small spherical particles comprised of centrosymmetric material is presented. The interfacial region where the inversion symmetry is broken provides a source of the nonlinearity. This response is described by a general surface non ...
... The electromagnetic theory of optical second-harmonic generation from small spherical particles comprised of centrosymmetric material is presented. The interfacial region where the inversion symmetry is broken provides a source of the nonlinearity. This response is described by a general surface non ...
Strongly interacting systems in AMO physics
... behavior of strongly interacting systems can be fundamentally different than those where the interaction is absent or treated perturbatively. Many examples are known in solid-state physics including the superconductivity and the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect. At the same time, tremendous developments ...
... behavior of strongly interacting systems can be fundamentally different than those where the interaction is absent or treated perturbatively. Many examples are known in solid-state physics including the superconductivity and the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect. At the same time, tremendous developments ...