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Spectroscopic Observations
Spectroscopic Observations

... • Pauli exclusion principle: no two electrons have the same set of the 4 quantum numbers n, l, m, s • There are 2n2 possible states for an electron with principal quantum number n (statistical weight). • The n=1 levels can contain only 2 electrons. This level is called the 1s orbit or the K shell (s ...
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... Spin angular momentum in quantum mechanics does not arise from a particle actually spinning like a top, rather it is an intrinsic property of a particle, like its mass. An important thing to note is that spin is quantised. It can only have discrete values. For example, protons, neutrons and electron ...
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Quantum Complexity and Fundamental Physics
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... exist some extreme circumstances where both fundamental theories are needed to achieve a proper theoretical understanding. For example, where the extremely small distance scales (of the order of Planck’s constant, 10-33 m, the “Planck Length”) as well as enormous mass scales are required to describe ...
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... will review those aspects of quantum mechanics that play the most important role in this understanding. This includes the structure of simple two-particle species, the properties of bound and continuum states, the quantum theory of many-electron species, the quantum theory of scattering and transiti ...
Spring 2007 Colloquium Series Physics Department University of Oregon 4:00pm Thursdays, 100 Willamette
Spring 2007 Colloquium Series Physics Department University of Oregon 4:00pm Thursdays, 100 Willamette

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Quantum logic

In quantum mechanics, quantum logic is a set of rules for reasoning about propositions that takes the principles of quantum theory into account. This research area and its name originated in a 1936 paper by Garrett Birkhoff and John von Neumann, who were attempting to reconcile the apparent inconsistency of classical logic with the facts concerning the measurement of complementary variables in quantum mechanics, such as position and momentum.Quantum logic can be formulated either as a modified version of propositional logic or as a noncommutative and non-associative many-valued (MV) logic.Quantum logic has some properties that clearly distinguish it from classical logic, most notably, the failure of the distributive law of propositional logic: p and (q or r) = (p and q) or (p and r),where the symbols p, q and r are propositional variables. To illustrate why the distributive law fails, consider a particle moving on a line and let p = ""the particle has momentum in the interval [0, +1/6]"
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