page 3 A CONVERSE BARCAN FORMULA IN ARISTOTLE`S
... Unfortunately for the overall coherence of Aristotle’s modal logic, counterexamples undermine the alleged validity of the convertibility of affirmative apodeictic propositions construed as de re necessary. I L conversion, critics contend (cf. Patterson [10]: 154), is invalid. For instance, assume th ...
... Unfortunately for the overall coherence of Aristotle’s modal logic, counterexamples undermine the alleged validity of the convertibility of affirmative apodeictic propositions construed as de re necessary. I L conversion, critics contend (cf. Patterson [10]: 154), is invalid. For instance, assume th ...
Syllogistic Logic Sample Quiz Page 1
... following facts. First, I don’t do LogiCola. Second, I don’t read the book. Third, I spend my time playing Tetris. Assuming that I spend my time playing Tetris and I don’t do LogiCola, then, of course, if I don’t read the book then I’ll do poorly in logic. ...
... following facts. First, I don’t do LogiCola. Second, I don’t read the book. Third, I spend my time playing Tetris. Assuming that I spend my time playing Tetris and I don’t do LogiCola, then, of course, if I don’t read the book then I’ll do poorly in logic. ...
Least and greatest fixed points in linear logic
... We are interested in (first-order) reasoning over (co)inductive specifications: arithmetic, various computational and logical systems, etc. This is provided for example by LINC, an extension of intuitionistic logic. We shall exhibit useful structure in derivations, even though the subformula propert ...
... We are interested in (first-order) reasoning over (co)inductive specifications: arithmetic, various computational and logical systems, etc. This is provided for example by LINC, an extension of intuitionistic logic. We shall exhibit useful structure in derivations, even though the subformula propert ...
Justification logic with approximate conditional probabilities
... Our paper builds on previous work on probabilistic logics and non-monotonic reasoning. Logics with probability operators are important in artificial intelligence and computer science in general [14, 13, 28]. They are interpreted over Kripke-style models with probability measures over possible worlds ...
... Our paper builds on previous work on probabilistic logics and non-monotonic reasoning. Logics with probability operators are important in artificial intelligence and computer science in general [14, 13, 28]. They are interpreted over Kripke-style models with probability measures over possible worlds ...
A Simple Tableau System for the Logic of Elsewhere
... the size of models of the satisfiable formulae) and we show that this problem becomes linear-time when the number of propositional variables is bounded. Although E and the well-known propositional modal S5 share numerous common features we show that E is strictly more expressive than S5 (in a sense ...
... the size of models of the satisfiable formulae) and we show that this problem becomes linear-time when the number of propositional variables is bounded. Although E and the well-known propositional modal S5 share numerous common features we show that E is strictly more expressive than S5 (in a sense ...
EVERYONE KNOWS THAT SOMEONE KNOWS
... The main technical contribution of this article is a sound and complete logical system for reasoning about distributed knowledge with quantifiers over agents. This logical system consists of axioms and inference rules of propositional logic of distributed knowledge, and quantifier axioms and an infe ...
... The main technical contribution of this article is a sound and complete logical system for reasoning about distributed knowledge with quantifiers over agents. This logical system consists of axioms and inference rules of propositional logic of distributed knowledge, and quantifier axioms and an infe ...
Martin-Löf`s Type Theory
... Modus ponens then corresponds to functional application. Tait [39] noticed the further analogy that removing a cut in a derivation corresponds to a reduction step of the combinator representing the proof. Howard [22] extended these ideas to first-order intuitionistic arithmetic. Another way to see t ...
... Modus ponens then corresponds to functional application. Tait [39] noticed the further analogy that removing a cut in a derivation corresponds to a reduction step of the combinator representing the proof. Howard [22] extended these ideas to first-order intuitionistic arithmetic. Another way to see t ...
Normal form results for default logic
... application of Proposition 2.6 shows that the resulting theory (D1 , W ) = ({r′ : r ∈ D}, W ) has precisely the same extensions as (D, W ). Next, again by Proposition 2.6 we can assume that every consequent γ of a default rule in D1 is in a conjunctive normal form. Then the repeated application of P ...
... application of Proposition 2.6 shows that the resulting theory (D1 , W ) = ({r′ : r ∈ D}, W ) has precisely the same extensions as (D, W ). Next, again by Proposition 2.6 we can assume that every consequent γ of a default rule in D1 is in a conjunctive normal form. Then the repeated application of P ...
Logic and Resolution - Institute for Computing and Information
... So, a term is either a constant, a variable or a function of terms. Recall that a constant may also be viewed as a nullary function symbol. An atomic formula now consists of a predicate symbol and a number of terms to be taken as the arguments of the predicate symbol. Definition A.7 An atomic formul ...
... So, a term is either a constant, a variable or a function of terms. Recall that a constant may also be viewed as a nullary function symbol. An atomic formula now consists of a predicate symbol and a number of terms to be taken as the arguments of the predicate symbol. Definition A.7 An atomic formul ...
Answer Sets for Propositional Theories
... Proposition 7(a) confirms that our proposal to identify (2) with (4) is in agreement with the intuitive meaning of an aggregate. Part (b) is similar to property (1) of binary connectives. When a theory Γ is described using abbreviation (2) in its formulas, answer sets of Γ can be computed using Prop ...
... Proposition 7(a) confirms that our proposal to identify (2) with (4) is in agreement with the intuitive meaning of an aggregate. Part (b) is similar to property (1) of binary connectives. When a theory Γ is described using abbreviation (2) in its formulas, answer sets of Γ can be computed using Prop ...
a. p
... The most famous form of syllogism in logic is called modus ponens. It has the following form: If p then q. p q ...
... The most famous form of syllogism in logic is called modus ponens. It has the following form: If p then q. p q ...
