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A joint logic of problems and propositions, a modified BHK
A joint logic of problems and propositions, a modified BHK

... A. N. Kolmogorov, On the papers on intuitionistic logic, in: Selected Works of A. N. Kolmogorov (1985; transl. 1991): “The [1932 paper] was written in hope that with time, the logic of solution of problems will become a permanent part of [a standard] course of logic. Creation of a unified logical ap ...
Many-Valued Logic
Many-Valued Logic

Lecture 9: Figurative Language Reading Types of Figurative
Lecture 9: Figurative Language Reading Types of Figurative

relevance logic - Consequently.org
relevance logic - Consequently.org

Nominalizing Quantifiers
Nominalizing Quantifiers

Full Text  - Institute for Logic, Language and Computation
Full Text - Institute for Logic, Language and Computation

Where the Past is in the Perfect
Where the Past is in the Perfect

Existential Sentences Cross-Linguistically - e
Existential Sentences Cross-Linguistically - e

a PDF file of the textbook - U of L Class Index
a PDF file of the textbook - U of L Class Index

Negative quantification and existential sentences
Negative quantification and existential sentences

... they are interpreted as sentences and on their interpretation as negated existential sentences. Our proposal is cast inside the framework of Generalised Quantifier Theory. The alternative of treating n-words as indefinites will not be discussed. The n-word is analysed as an operator that takes restr ...
ABSTRACT MEASURING PREDICATES Alexis Wellwood, Doctor of
ABSTRACT MEASURING PREDICATES Alexis Wellwood, Doctor of

... syntactic properties of a language with an eye to the notional categories that the various pieces of form express. In this dissertation, I investigate the morphosyntactic devices that English speakers (and speakers of other languages) can use to talk about comparisons between things: comparative sen ...
The Syntax of Inner Aspect
The Syntax of Inner Aspect

First-Order Theorem Proving and VAMPIRE
First-Order Theorem Proving and VAMPIRE

... principles of first-order theorem proving and address various issues that are only implemented in VAMPIRE. Sections 6-11 present new and unconventional applications of first-order theorem proving implemented in VAMPIRE. Many features described below are implemented only in VAMPIRE. – Section 2 (Mini ...
Chapter 11 Predicates, negative quantifiers and focus: Specificity
Chapter 11 Predicates, negative quantifiers and focus: Specificity

DISCRETE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES
DISCRETE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES

... Conditional Propositions: A proposition of the form ―if p then q‖ or ―p implies q‖, represented ―p → q‖ is called a conditional proposition. For instance: ―if John is from Chicago then John is from Illinois‖. The proposition p is called hypothesis or antecedent, and the proposition q is the conclusi ...
Presuppositions of Compound Sentences
Presuppositions of Compound Sentences

Foundations for Knowledge
Foundations for Knowledge

Curry-Howard Isomorphism - Department of information engineering
Curry-Howard Isomorphism - Department of information engineering

Default Logic (Reiter) - Department of Computing
Default Logic (Reiter) - Department of Computing

... classical consequence Th, and closed under the default rules D that are applicable given E. It remains to define what ‘closed under the default rules D that are applicable given E’ means. A formal definition follows presently. ...
thèse - IRIT
thèse - IRIT

... Here-and-there (HT) logic is a three-valued monotonic logic which is intermediate between classical logic and intuitionistic logic. Equilibrium logic is a nonmonotonic formalism whose semantics is given through a minimisation criterion over HT models. It is closely aligned with answer set programmin ...
A Computationally-Discovered Simplification of the Ontological
A Computationally-Discovered Simplification of the Ontological

A Computationally-Discovered Simplification of the Ontological
A Computationally-Discovered Simplification of the Ontological

Implicit arguments in situation semantics
Implicit arguments in situation semantics

Teach Yourself Logic 2017: A Study Guide
Teach Yourself Logic 2017: A Study Guide

... Hurley’s Concise Introduction to Logic (to mention some frequently used texts), then you might still struggle with the initial suggestions in this Guide – though this will of course vary a lot from person to person. So the best advice is probably just to make a start and see how you go. If you do st ...
Teach Yourself Logic 2016: A Study Guide
Teach Yourself Logic 2016: A Study Guide

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Interpretation (logic)

An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science are defined in solely syntactic terms, and as such do not have any meaning until they are given some interpretation. The general study of interpretations of formal languages is called formal semantics.The most commonly studied formal logics are propositional logic, predicate logic and their modal analogs, and for these there are standard ways of presenting an interpretation. In these contexts an interpretation is a function that provides the extension of symbols and strings of symbols of an object language. For example, an interpretation function could take the predicate T (for ""tall"") and assign it the extension {a} (for ""Abraham Lincoln""). Note that all our interpretation does is assign the extension {a} to the non-logical constant T, and does not make a claim about whether T is to stand for tall and 'a' for Abraham Lincoln. Nor does logical interpretation have anything to say about logical connectives like 'and', 'or' and 'not'. Though we may take these symbols to stand for certain things or concepts, this is not determined by the interpretation function.An interpretation often (but not always) provides a way to determine the truth values of sentences in a language. If a given interpretation assigns the value True to a sentence or theory, the interpretation is called a model of that sentence or theory.
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