echocardiography
... Figure 12. M-mode recording of the left ventricle. In this view, interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness, as well as left ventricular end-systolic diameter (ESD) and end-diastolic diameter (EDD) can be measured during systole and diastole. During ventricula ...
... Figure 12. M-mode recording of the left ventricle. In this view, interventricular septum (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness, as well as left ventricular end-systolic diameter (ESD) and end-diastolic diameter (EDD) can be measured during systole and diastole. During ventricula ...
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... increased without an underlying structural abnormality. It has been associated with maternal diabetes and often regresses during the first 6 months of life. Ventricular hypertrophy can also be seen because of increased afterload. Decreased LV compliance results in cardiac and respiratory distress. R ...
... increased without an underlying structural abnormality. It has been associated with maternal diabetes and often regresses during the first 6 months of life. Ventricular hypertrophy can also be seen because of increased afterload. Decreased LV compliance results in cardiac and respiratory distress. R ...
heart as a pump
... All events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during one single complete heart beat Approx 0.83sec if heart rate is 72 bpm ...
... All events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during one single complete heart beat Approx 0.83sec if heart rate is 72 bpm ...
Differential diagnosis
... splitting of the S2 Systolic ejection murmur (heard in pulmonic area) Diastolic rumble across the tricuspid valve Neck vein distention Ascites Edema ...
... splitting of the S2 Systolic ejection murmur (heard in pulmonic area) Diastolic rumble across the tricuspid valve Neck vein distention Ascites Edema ...
Mitral Valve Disease
... velop. The heart compensates by increasing the size of the left ventricle. As more blood is pumped backward into the left atrium and lungs, patients become breathless, fatigued, and can become progressively disabled. Medication is of limited benefit, although certain drugs that lower blood pressure ...
... velop. The heart compensates by increasing the size of the left ventricle. As more blood is pumped backward into the left atrium and lungs, patients become breathless, fatigued, and can become progressively disabled. Medication is of limited benefit, although certain drugs that lower blood pressure ...
cardiac cycle - The department of cardiology, Calicut medical college
... appears at 0.04 s after the P wave (late diastolic) lasts 0.04-0.10 s Caused by vibration of ventricular wall during rapid atrium emptying into non compliant ventricle ...
... appears at 0.04 s after the P wave (late diastolic) lasts 0.04-0.10 s Caused by vibration of ventricular wall during rapid atrium emptying into non compliant ventricle ...
cardiac cycle
... (white) -- the pressure inside increases, approaching the pressure in the aorta and pulmonary arteries (green). JVP: c wave- d/t Right ventricular contraction pushes the tricuspid valve into the atrium and increases atrial pressure, creating a small wave into the jugular vein. It is normally simul ...
... (white) -- the pressure inside increases, approaching the pressure in the aorta and pulmonary arteries (green). JVP: c wave- d/t Right ventricular contraction pushes the tricuspid valve into the atrium and increases atrial pressure, creating a small wave into the jugular vein. It is normally simul ...
Current and Novel Devices in Structural Heart Disease
... pacemaker was significantly higher than with the balloon expandable valves at 25 to 30%. The Core valve is made from porcine pericardium on a self-expanding nitinol frame (Figure XV). The thinner tissue of porcine pericardium, compared to bovine, as well as the self-expanding design allowed for a sm ...
... pacemaker was significantly higher than with the balloon expandable valves at 25 to 30%. The Core valve is made from porcine pericardium on a self-expanding nitinol frame (Figure XV). The thinner tissue of porcine pericardium, compared to bovine, as well as the self-expanding design allowed for a sm ...
Cardiac Valve Replacement Surgery
... LV function (ejection fraction greater than 0.60 and end-systolic dimension less than 40 mm) in whom the likelihood of successful repair without residual MR is greater than 90%. (Level of Evidence: B) 2 MV surgery is reasonable for asymptomatic patients with chronic severe MR,* preserved LV function ...
... LV function (ejection fraction greater than 0.60 and end-systolic dimension less than 40 mm) in whom the likelihood of successful repair without residual MR is greater than 90%. (Level of Evidence: B) 2 MV surgery is reasonable for asymptomatic patients with chronic severe MR,* preserved LV function ...
management and follow up of prosthetic heart valves - Heart
... performed at yearly intervals and should consist of a detailed history taking and a physical examination. There is not much evidence in the literature to support the strategy of performing Doppler echocardiography annually in uncomplicated patients.5 Echocardiography is certainly indicated whenever ...
... performed at yearly intervals and should consist of a detailed history taking and a physical examination. There is not much evidence in the literature to support the strategy of performing Doppler echocardiography annually in uncomplicated patients.5 Echocardiography is certainly indicated whenever ...
Anatomic Types of Ebstein`s Anomaly
... Van Lingen, Soloff : Diagnosis during life in 1951 Lev : WPW syndrome in 1955 Gasul, Scott : Glenn operation in 1959 Barnard, Schrire : Prosthetic valve replace in 1962 Hardy : 1st successful valvuloplasty in 1964 ...
... Van Lingen, Soloff : Diagnosis during life in 1951 Lev : WPW syndrome in 1955 Gasul, Scott : Glenn operation in 1959 Barnard, Schrire : Prosthetic valve replace in 1962 Hardy : 1st successful valvuloplasty in 1964 ...
Heart dissection
... 2. Examine the heart and locate the thin membrane or pericardium that still covers the heart. (Note: some specimens may not have intact pericardium). The pericardium or pericardial sac is a double-layered closed sac that surrounds the heart and anchors it. The pericardium consists of two tissues lay ...
... 2. Examine the heart and locate the thin membrane or pericardium that still covers the heart. (Note: some specimens may not have intact pericardium). The pericardium or pericardial sac is a double-layered closed sac that surrounds the heart and anchors it. The pericardium consists of two tissues lay ...
Cyanotic Heart Disease
... • The truncal valve is usually tricuspid • Main pulmonary artery segment is concave in types II, III, and IV • Pulmonary vasculature is shunt type in types I, II and III ...
... • The truncal valve is usually tricuspid • Main pulmonary artery segment is concave in types II, III, and IV • Pulmonary vasculature is shunt type in types I, II and III ...
Aortic Pressure Augmentation Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular
... Augmentation index (AIx) was defined as AP as a percentage of PP. We evaluated whether AP and AIx can predict the risk of MACE (unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, or death) and death using Cox regression. All models evaluating AP included PP to assess w ...
... Augmentation index (AIx) was defined as AP as a percentage of PP. We evaluated whether AP and AIx can predict the risk of MACE (unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, or death) and death using Cox regression. All models evaluating AP included PP to assess w ...
9 Cardiology
... This is the most common congenital heart defect (30% of all CHD). The symptoms and signs depend on the size of the hole and any other cardiac defects present. Large ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are less likely to close spontaneously. ...
... This is the most common congenital heart defect (30% of all CHD). The symptoms and signs depend on the size of the hole and any other cardiac defects present. Large ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are less likely to close spontaneously. ...
Preconception Counseling for Women with Congenital Heart Disease
... ventricle dysfunction may worsen; about 10-20% of these patients have an irreversible ventricular dysfunction after delivery.14,15 The increased cardiac output and reduction in peripheral resistance leads to an increase in the pressure gradient in patients with left heart obstructive lesions. For pa ...
... ventricle dysfunction may worsen; about 10-20% of these patients have an irreversible ventricular dysfunction after delivery.14,15 The increased cardiac output and reduction in peripheral resistance leads to an increase in the pressure gradient in patients with left heart obstructive lesions. For pa ...
Cardiac Auscultation The Ohio State University
... first sound represents diastole to the clinician. Any diastolic transient sounds are abnormal in small animals. Both S1 and S2 are relatively high-frequency sounds. The first sound is associated with the closure of the AV valves and is slightly longer and lower pitched than the second sound. The sec ...
... first sound represents diastole to the clinician. Any diastolic transient sounds are abnormal in small animals. Both S1 and S2 are relatively high-frequency sounds. The first sound is associated with the closure of the AV valves and is slightly longer and lower pitched than the second sound. The sec ...
Surgery for Congenital Heart Diseases
... hypoplasia) and obstructive types are supravalvular, valvular, subvalvular, intraventricular ...
... hypoplasia) and obstructive types are supravalvular, valvular, subvalvular, intraventricular ...
BRS Physiology Cases and Problems 2nd Edition
... 1 and 2 (approximately 140 mL). End-systolic volume is the volume that remains in the left ventricle after ejection is complete, but before the ventricle fills again (i.e., the volume at points 3 and 4, which is approximately 70 mL). 3. Stroke volume is the volume ejected during systole (ventricular ...
... 1 and 2 (approximately 140 mL). End-systolic volume is the volume that remains in the left ventricle after ejection is complete, but before the ventricle fills again (i.e., the volume at points 3 and 4, which is approximately 70 mL). 3. Stroke volume is the volume ejected during systole (ventricular ...
Extraembryonic blood vessels form during the early
... Atrial Septal Defects Congenital anomalies of the heart and great vessels are overall relatively common (6-8 per thousand live births). ...
... Atrial Septal Defects Congenital anomalies of the heart and great vessels are overall relatively common (6-8 per thousand live births). ...
Cardiovascular Preparticipation Sports Screening Are we
... Athletes with left ventricular enlargement or hypertrophy who do not have HCM should be cleared to participate in sports by cardiology Within a few weeks to months of detraining, morphologic changes seen in Athlete’s Heart ...
... Athletes with left ventricular enlargement or hypertrophy who do not have HCM should be cleared to participate in sports by cardiology Within a few weeks to months of detraining, morphologic changes seen in Athlete’s Heart ...
Congenital heart diseases Single Choice 1. CS. Select the most
... 8. CS. Select the major surgical indication for correction in aortic stenosis in children: A. Appearance of clinical manifestations B. The value of transvalvular pressure gradient more than 70 mm Hg C. Right ventricle hypertrophy D. Considerable poststenotic dilation E. Diastolic murmur 9. CS. Speci ...
... 8. CS. Select the major surgical indication for correction in aortic stenosis in children: A. Appearance of clinical manifestations B. The value of transvalvular pressure gradient more than 70 mm Hg C. Right ventricle hypertrophy D. Considerable poststenotic dilation E. Diastolic murmur 9. CS. Speci ...
Central Blood Pressure Measurements and Antihypertensive Therapy
... peripheral PP, a simple index of arterial stiffness, is associated with a higher cardiovascular mortality independent of traditional risk factors, left ventricular hypertrophy, and reduced ejection fraction in adults without overt coronary heart disease.43 Furthermore, data from the same study showe ...
... peripheral PP, a simple index of arterial stiffness, is associated with a higher cardiovascular mortality independent of traditional risk factors, left ventricular hypertrophy, and reduced ejection fraction in adults without overt coronary heart disease.43 Furthermore, data from the same study showe ...
Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart such that problems result. It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. It typically gets worse over time. Symptoms often come on gradually with a decreased ability to exercise often occurring first. If heart failure, loss of consciousness, or heart related chest pain occurs due to AS the outcomes are worse. Loss of consciousness typically occurs with standing or exercise. Signs of heart failure include shortness of breath especially with lying down, at night, and with exercise as well as swelling of the legs. Thickening of the valve without narrowing is known as aortic sclerosis.Causes include being born with a bicuspid aortic valve and rheumatic fever. A bicuspid aortic valve affects about one to two percent of the population while rheumatic heart disease mostly occurring in the developing world. A normal valve, however, may also harden over the decades. Risk factors are similar to those of coronary artery disease and include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being male. The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta. AS typically results in a heart murmur. Its severity can be divided into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe based on ultrasound of the heart findings.Aortic stenosis is typically followed using repeated ultrasounds. Once it has become severe treatment primarily involves valve replacement surgery with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) being an option in some who are at high risk from surgery. Valves may either be mechanical or bioprosthetic with each having risks and benefits. Another less invasive procedure, balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may result in benefit but this is for only for a few months. Complications like heart failure may be treated as per normal in those with mild to moderate AS. In those with severe disease a number of medications should be avoided including ACE inhibitors, nitroglycerin, and some beta blockers. Nitroprusside or phenylephrine may be used in those with decompensated heart failure depending on the blood pressure.Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the developed world. It affects about 2% of people who are over 65 years of age. Estimated rates are not known in most of the developing world as of 2014. In those who have symptoms, without repair, the chance of death at five years is about 50% and at 10 years is about 90%. Aortic stenosis was first described by French physician Lazare Rivière in 1663.