Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Fiber-Optic Bio-Sensors
... optical fibers (OF) to guide the light in the spectral range from UV (180 nm) up to middle IR (10 µm) (depending on the material of the core of the OF). Extrinsic FOS use OF only as light waveguides. In case of intrinsic FOS, parameters of guided light are more or less altered by the physical-optica ...
... optical fibers (OF) to guide the light in the spectral range from UV (180 nm) up to middle IR (10 µm) (depending on the material of the core of the OF). Extrinsic FOS use OF only as light waveguides. In case of intrinsic FOS, parameters of guided light are more or less altered by the physical-optica ...
evanescent wave based biosensors
... In parallel to the development of integrated MZI sensors, another interferometric technique based on an integrated Young’s interferometer (YI) has been used in a similar way for biosensing. In a YI, the coherent, single mode, single polarization light at the input is split into a reference arm and a ...
... In parallel to the development of integrated MZI sensors, another interferometric technique based on an integrated Young’s interferometer (YI) has been used in a similar way for biosensing. In a YI, the coherent, single mode, single polarization light at the input is split into a reference arm and a ...
A spatial light modulator for ion trapping experiments
... the D states, which is why a laser at 866nm is needed to pump populations from the D3/2 back to the S1/2 state. Encoding a qubit in a two-level system, whose transition is driven by frequencies in the optical range is called an optical qubit. An alternative, which does not exist for 40 Ca+ would be ...
... the D states, which is why a laser at 866nm is needed to pump populations from the D3/2 back to the S1/2 state. Encoding a qubit in a two-level system, whose transition is driven by frequencies in the optical range is called an optical qubit. An alternative, which does not exist for 40 Ca+ would be ...
Noiseless, kilohertz-frame-rate, imaging detector based on micro
... significant penalty. Newer advances in CCD technology (such as massively parallel readouts2 or on-chip structures that amplify the collected charge before the analog to digital conversion3) mitigate this penalty, but cannot entirely eliminate it. Unlike charge integrating arrays (e.g., CCDs) photon ...
... significant penalty. Newer advances in CCD technology (such as massively parallel readouts2 or on-chip structures that amplify the collected charge before the analog to digital conversion3) mitigate this penalty, but cannot entirely eliminate it. Unlike charge integrating arrays (e.g., CCDs) photon ...
Eye Specialty Group
... reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the author. From time to time, changes may occur in the content of this material and it is the user's responsibility to assure that current issues of this mater ...
... reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the author. From time to time, changes may occur in the content of this material and it is the user's responsibility to assure that current issues of this mater ...
Optical frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) range and
... and exposure time determines if a system is eye safe. Lasers are commonly classified as either class 1, 2, 3A, 3B or 4. A class 1 laser is totally safe, but the diffuse reflection from a class 4 laser damages the eye and the direct beam burns skin and ignites flammable material. In recent years, the ...
... and exposure time determines if a system is eye safe. Lasers are commonly classified as either class 1, 2, 3A, 3B or 4. A class 1 laser is totally safe, but the diffuse reflection from a class 4 laser damages the eye and the direct beam burns skin and ignites flammable material. In recent years, the ...
A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications
... in bulk metamaterials while their interactions with the incident waves can be still sufficiently strong to obtain very useful functionalities. For this reason, we envision that metasurfaces will dominate the general field of metamaterials research given their high potential in applications. Metasurf ...
... in bulk metamaterials while their interactions with the incident waves can be still sufficiently strong to obtain very useful functionalities. For this reason, we envision that metasurfaces will dominate the general field of metamaterials research given their high potential in applications. Metasurf ...
Deep Horizontal Atmospheric Turbulence Modeling and Simulation with a Liquid
... We investigate the performance of a Liquid Crystal (LC) Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) as an optical device for generating high intensity atmospheric turbulence in the laboratory. The experimental setup represents long range horizontal beam propagation at a low altitude where the conditions of atmosp ...
... We investigate the performance of a Liquid Crystal (LC) Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) as an optical device for generating high intensity atmospheric turbulence in the laboratory. The experimental setup represents long range horizontal beam propagation at a low altitude where the conditions of atmosp ...
Lecture 11: Semiconductor lasers and light
... Direct current modulation • An LED can be directly modulated by applying the modulation signal to the injection current, an approach known as direct current-modulation. • There are two factors that limit the modulation bandwidth of an LED: the junction capacitance and the diffusion capacitance. • B ...
... Direct current modulation • An LED can be directly modulated by applying the modulation signal to the injection current, an approach known as direct current-modulation. • There are two factors that limit the modulation bandwidth of an LED: the junction capacitance and the diffusion capacitance. • B ...
Ultrafast Laser-induced Damage and the Influence of Spectral Effects
... To examine how different frequency components of an ultrashort laser pulse may affect the probability of photoionization, Fig. 3 shows the Keldysh photoionization rates for a field with a wavelength of 800 nm, as well as those for many neighboring wavelengths. Note that the 775, 800, and 825 nm wave ...
... To examine how different frequency components of an ultrashort laser pulse may affect the probability of photoionization, Fig. 3 shows the Keldysh photoionization rates for a field with a wavelength of 800 nm, as well as those for many neighboring wavelengths. Note that the 775, 800, and 825 nm wave ...
Coherent population trapping resonances at lower atomic
... of the nonclosed L-system (Fig. 1), where states |1ñ, |2ñ and |3ñ correspond to levels 6S1/2(F = 3), 6S1/2(F = 4) and 6P3/2(F¢ = 3) (Fig. 2) with the exception of three indicated exit magnetic sublevels 6S1/2(F = 4, m = ±4) and 6S1/2(F = 3, m = 0) . Figure 5a presents the narrow CPT dip with the cen ...
... of the nonclosed L-system (Fig. 1), where states |1ñ, |2ñ and |3ñ correspond to levels 6S1/2(F = 3), 6S1/2(F = 4) and 6P3/2(F¢ = 3) (Fig. 2) with the exception of three indicated exit magnetic sublevels 6S1/2(F = 4, m = ±4) and 6S1/2(F = 3, m = 0) . Figure 5a presents the narrow CPT dip with the cen ...
GPS General Particle Source
... In the GLISUR model this is indicated by the value of polish; when it is <1, then a random point is generated in a sphere of radius (1-polish), and the corresponding vector is added to the normal. The value 0 means maximum roughness with effective plane of reflection distributed as cos(a). ...
... In the GLISUR model this is indicated by the value of polish; when it is <1, then a random point is generated in a sphere of radius (1-polish), and the corresponding vector is added to the normal. The value 0 means maximum roughness with effective plane of reflection distributed as cos(a). ...
Optical pumping of a lithium atomic beam for atom interferometry
... For the laser-atom interaction, it is necessary to minimize Doppler broadening, so as to selectively excite the chosen hyperfine components and not the other ones, and to pump all the velocity classes with almost the same efficiency: this is possible if the laser beams are perpendicular to the atomi ...
... For the laser-atom interaction, it is necessary to minimize Doppler broadening, so as to selectively excite the chosen hyperfine components and not the other ones, and to pump all the velocity classes with almost the same efficiency: this is possible if the laser beams are perpendicular to the atomi ...
Theory of the transmission properties of an optical far-field superlens
... transmitted and incident transverse wavenumbers, respectively; ⌳ = 2 / d is the grating wavenumber, where d is the periodicity; and p is the diffraction order. We are interested only in waves transmitted in the far field, i.e., far enough from the FSL and the object plan that the contribution of ev ...
... transmitted and incident transverse wavenumbers, respectively; ⌳ = 2 / d is the grating wavenumber, where d is the periodicity; and p is the diffraction order. We are interested only in waves transmitted in the far field, i.e., far enough from the FSL and the object plan that the contribution of ev ...
Template for Technical Memo - MZA Associates Corporation
... In wave optics simulation, optical wavefronts are represented using two-dimensional rectangular complex meshes. In order to obtain correct simulation results, it is important to choose mesh spacings small enough to ensure that the variations in the wavefront will be properly sampled, and to choose t ...
... In wave optics simulation, optical wavefronts are represented using two-dimensional rectangular complex meshes. In order to obtain correct simulation results, it is important to choose mesh spacings small enough to ensure that the variations in the wavefront will be properly sampled, and to choose t ...
The Focusing and Talbot Effect of Periodic Arrays of Metallic
... continuous metal film allowing only surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) [18], due to the periodic nature of these metallic nanoapertures, a complicated coupling behavior exhibits between the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the apertures, the Bloch wave surface plasmon polaritons (BW-SPPs ...
... continuous metal film allowing only surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) [18], due to the periodic nature of these metallic nanoapertures, a complicated coupling behavior exhibits between the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the apertures, the Bloch wave surface plasmon polaritons (BW-SPPs ...
Central Corneal Thickness Measurements with Partial Coherence
... healthy subjects with PCI (prototype system), ultrasound pachymetry (Paxis; Biovision Inc., Clermont-Ferrand, France), and the Orbscan system I, version 2.00. In each eye, 2 investigators performed 5 separate, sequential measurements with each pachymetric device. Measurements of the 2 noncontact met ...
... healthy subjects with PCI (prototype system), ultrasound pachymetry (Paxis; Biovision Inc., Clermont-Ferrand, France), and the Orbscan system I, version 2.00. In each eye, 2 investigators performed 5 separate, sequential measurements with each pachymetric device. Measurements of the 2 noncontact met ...
Picosecond resolution soft x-ray laser plasma
... the mirror and from the mirror to the image plane. The plasma to be probed is placed in one of the two portions of the beam, while the other portion is used as a reference. The maximum transverse plasma size that can be probed is determined by the mirror length and the angle of incidence on the mir ...
... the mirror and from the mirror to the image plane. The plasma to be probed is placed in one of the two portions of the beam, while the other portion is used as a reference. The maximum transverse plasma size that can be probed is determined by the mirror length and the angle of incidence on the mir ...
Handbook of Optical Filters for Fluorescence Microscopy
... Several factors influence the amount of fluorescence emitted by a stained specimen with a given amount of excitation intensity. These include 1) the dye concentration within stained sections of the specimen, and the thickness of the specimen; 2) the extinction coefficient of the dye; 3) the quantum ...
... Several factors influence the amount of fluorescence emitted by a stained specimen with a given amount of excitation intensity. These include 1) the dye concentration within stained sections of the specimen, and the thickness of the specimen; 2) the extinction coefficient of the dye; 3) the quantum ...
Resolution enhancement techniques in microscopy
... medicine, microscopy is widely regarded an important discovery: advances in optical microscopy correlate well with advances in our understanding of biology, and medicine [Masters 2008; 2009a; 2009b]. Schellenberg edited a book with reprinted papers on the history of optical resolution and its applic ...
... medicine, microscopy is widely regarded an important discovery: advances in optical microscopy correlate well with advances in our understanding of biology, and medicine [Masters 2008; 2009a; 2009b]. Schellenberg edited a book with reprinted papers on the history of optical resolution and its applic ...
The Effects of Smoking on Anterior Segment Parameters, Retinal
... and non-smokers, respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of mesopic pupil diameter between smokers and non-smokers (p=0.03). Smokers tended to have 0.42 mm smaller pupils or 0.42 mm less dilatation response in mesopic environment as compared to non-smokers. The pupil diameter measu ...
... and non-smokers, respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of mesopic pupil diameter between smokers and non-smokers (p=0.03). Smokers tended to have 0.42 mm smaller pupils or 0.42 mm less dilatation response in mesopic environment as compared to non-smokers. The pupil diameter measu ...
Physics and Computation of Aero-Optics
... losses of far-field beam intensity and coherence are observed. Note that in the absence of distortions, the shorter wavelength beam delivers more energy to the target than the longer wavelength one, but this advantage is offset by aero-optical distortions. In fact, the ratio of the maximum intensity ...
... losses of far-field beam intensity and coherence are observed. Note that in the absence of distortions, the shorter wavelength beam delivers more energy to the target than the longer wavelength one, but this advantage is offset by aero-optical distortions. In fact, the ratio of the maximum intensity ...
Paper Title - INFN Genova
... for the positrons we used the energy spectrum and the flux obtained averaging in time the distributions from the model 57 of A.Burrows [2] for a SN1987A like event at a 10 kpc distance. As a result we have obtained an excess of 14 hits in a 105ms time interval on each OM. The time interval of 105ms ...
... for the positrons we used the energy spectrum and the flux obtained averaging in time the distributions from the model 57 of A.Burrows [2] for a SN1987A like event at a 10 kpc distance. As a result we have obtained an excess of 14 hits in a 105ms time interval on each OM. The time interval of 105ms ...
Visual effect of the combined correction of spherical and
... monochromatic light as compared with white light, and only for small pupil diameters. For a 4 mm pupil diameter they did not find any change in CS when CA was removed. They explained this result to be due to the presence of SA in the eye. The higher-order monochromatic aberrations may attenuate the ...
... monochromatic light as compared with white light, and only for small pupil diameters. For a 4 mm pupil diameter they did not find any change in CS when CA was removed. They explained this result to be due to the presence of SA in the eye. The higher-order monochromatic aberrations may attenuate the ...
Optical Cable and Accessory for TV Camera
... ■ Multipurpose cable: 2SM-9.2-37.5 This cable is suitable for wide applications such as fixed installation in facilities, relay cable, handy camera cable and patch cable. ■ Large-camera cable in studio: 2SM-16-37.5 This is a cable for large-sized TV cameras in studios. The cable has a larger outside ...
... ■ Multipurpose cable: 2SM-9.2-37.5 This cable is suitable for wide applications such as fixed installation in facilities, relay cable, handy camera cable and patch cable. ■ Large-camera cable in studio: 2SM-16-37.5 This is a cable for large-sized TV cameras in studios. The cable has a larger outside ...
Optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an established medical imaging technique that uses light to capture micrometer-resolution, three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). Optical coherence tomography is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically employing near-infrared light. The use of relatively long wavelength light allows it to penetrate into the scattering medium. Confocal microscopy, another optical technique, typically penetrates less deeply into the sample but with higher resolution.Depending on the properties of the light source (superluminescent diodes, ultrashort pulsed lasers, and supercontinuum lasers have been employed), optical coherence tomography has achieved sub- micrometer resolution (with very wide-spectrum sources emitting over a ~100 nm wavelength range).Optical coherence tomography is one of a class of optical tomographic techniques. A relatively recent implementation of optical coherence tomography, frequency-domain optical coherence tomography, provides advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, permitting faster signal acquisition. Commercially available optical coherence tomography systems are employed in diverse applications, including art conservation and diagnostic medicine, notably in ophthalmology and optometry where it can be used to obtain detailed images from within the retina. Recently it has also begun to be used in interventional cardiology to help diagnose coronary artery disease. It has also shown promise in dermatology to improve the diagnostic process.