spectroscopic ellipsometry as a versatile tool to study thin films
... In ellipsometry measurement, the polarization states of incident and reflected light beams are described as p- and s-polarizations. The two components, p and s, of electric field of light, which are in phase (for linearly polarized light), emerge out of phase and show different change in amplitude a ...
... In ellipsometry measurement, the polarization states of incident and reflected light beams are described as p- and s-polarizations. The two components, p and s, of electric field of light, which are in phase (for linearly polarized light), emerge out of phase and show different change in amplitude a ...
Interference experiments with the fluorescence light of Ba ions
... use cold atoms falling through a small resonator with a very high finesse [33]. It has been reported [34] that the optical dipole forces act on the trajectories of the falling atom, and, recently, that atoms can be trapped inside the cavity by these optical dipole forces for a short time [35]. Howev ...
... use cold atoms falling through a small resonator with a very high finesse [33]. It has been reported [34] that the optical dipole forces act on the trajectories of the falling atom, and, recently, that atoms can be trapped inside the cavity by these optical dipole forces for a short time [35]. Howev ...
Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers
... Any pulse, while propagating in an optical fiber, especially in the linear regime, suffers the effect of time dispersion, which causes its broadening and may create interference between symbols, which can greatly limit the bandwidth of the signal to be transmitted. Let one consider an optical pulse ...
... Any pulse, while propagating in an optical fiber, especially in the linear regime, suffers the effect of time dispersion, which causes its broadening and may create interference between symbols, which can greatly limit the bandwidth of the signal to be transmitted. Let one consider an optical pulse ...
The Michelson Interferometer Wavelength Meter
... The interferogram for the LED starts to reduce away from the zero path-length delay because the phase fluctuations of the two delayed arms are uncorrelated for large pathlength difference Michelson interferometers with low coherence sources inputs can be used for highresolution reflectometry Termino ...
... The interferogram for the LED starts to reduce away from the zero path-length delay because the phase fluctuations of the two delayed arms are uncorrelated for large pathlength difference Michelson interferometers with low coherence sources inputs can be used for highresolution reflectometry Termino ...
WAVE OPTICS
... In a medium of refractive index n, the phasevelocity c = c,/n and the wavelength h = c/v = cJnv, so that A = A,/n where h, = c,/v is the wavelength in free space. For a given frequency v, the wavelength in the medium is reduced relative to that in free space by the factor n. As a consequence, the wa ...
... In a medium of refractive index n, the phasevelocity c = c,/n and the wavelength h = c/v = cJnv, so that A = A,/n where h, = c,/v is the wavelength in free space. For a given frequency v, the wavelength in the medium is reduced relative to that in free space by the factor n. As a consequence, the wa ...
pdf
... As per copyright regulations, any unauthorised use of the material or parts thereof as well as commercial reproduction or multiple distribution by any traditional or electronically based reproduction/publication method ist strictly prohibited. You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold ECR harmless fr ...
... As per copyright regulations, any unauthorised use of the material or parts thereof as well as commercial reproduction or multiple distribution by any traditional or electronically based reproduction/publication method ist strictly prohibited. You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold ECR harmless fr ...
New Materials and New Concepts for Controlling Light and Waves
... broad spectrum and concentrate the energy into a very small volume. The resulting density of radiation can be exploited for enhanced molecular sensing and realising non‐linear effects at low power levels. However the degree of enhancement is limited by the delocalisation ...
... broad spectrum and concentrate the energy into a very small volume. The resulting density of radiation can be exploited for enhanced molecular sensing and realising non‐linear effects at low power levels. However the degree of enhancement is limited by the delocalisation ...
Introduction to Optics
... The students will be encouraged to explore the function and the characteristics of optical prisms. Equipment: Optical table; light source; laser pointer and laser holder; prism; diaphragm; ...
... The students will be encouraged to explore the function and the characteristics of optical prisms. Equipment: Optical table; light source; laser pointer and laser holder; prism; diaphragm; ...
Research paper : FIBER OPTIC CABLES FOR
... which adds weight and uses power. Exterior components also experience higher radiation levels, which necessitates adding shielding, further increasing weight. In addition, mechanical constraints are always present, especially on newer systems that incorporate a larger number of instruments onto the ...
... which adds weight and uses power. Exterior components also experience higher radiation levels, which necessitates adding shielding, further increasing weight. In addition, mechanical constraints are always present, especially on newer systems that incorporate a larger number of instruments onto the ...
Engineering nonlinearities in nanoscale optical systems
... in dielectric structures with nanometer-scale cross sections. In this case, the usual guided-wave nonlinearities are generated in a structure, which also controls to all orders the optical dispersion of the guiding structure. The nonlinearities are sufficiently large that the waveguides act in the s ...
... in dielectric structures with nanometer-scale cross sections. In this case, the usual guided-wave nonlinearities are generated in a structure, which also controls to all orders the optical dispersion of the guiding structure. The nonlinearities are sufficiently large that the waveguides act in the s ...
Fluctuations in Quantum Degenerate Fermi Gases
... bosonic Caesium atoms it was possible to directly observe in a spatially resolved way the reduction of number fluctuations accompanying the incompressible Mott state. A localized atom counting in repeated absorption images was performed to obtain the number statistics. In this regard this experiment ...
... bosonic Caesium atoms it was possible to directly observe in a spatially resolved way the reduction of number fluctuations accompanying the incompressible Mott state. A localized atom counting in repeated absorption images was performed to obtain the number statistics. In this regard this experiment ...
Lab 4: Diffraction of Light
... entire spectrum will repeat in high orders (higher n). • A diffraction grating should be designed so that even the higher orders (|n| > 0) can be observed within the first set of minima (primary lobe) of the diffraction pattern shown in figure 5. ...
... entire spectrum will repeat in high orders (higher n). • A diffraction grating should be designed so that even the higher orders (|n| > 0) can be observed within the first set of minima (primary lobe) of the diffraction pattern shown in figure 5. ...
Polarizing optics in a spider eye
... circular components. However, our polarimeter sys- PM eyes of D. cupreus. tem and the spider’s photoreceptors are both linear Confirming previous findings (Dacke et al., 1999), polarization analyzers and any circular components in tangential sections through the PM eyes of D. of the light beam are d ...
... circular components. However, our polarimeter sys- PM eyes of D. cupreus. tem and the spider’s photoreceptors are both linear Confirming previous findings (Dacke et al., 1999), polarization analyzers and any circular components in tangential sections through the PM eyes of D. of the light beam are d ...
Mode Conversion/Splitting by Optical Analogy of Multistate
... adiabatically without energy exchange among them. For the purto , an adiabatic pose of adiabatic mode conversion from mode , which is equal to at the input and mode at the output, needs to exist. For the purpose of adiabatic mode splitting from to , and , an adiabatic mode , which is equal to at the ...
... adiabatically without energy exchange among them. For the purto , an adiabatic pose of adiabatic mode conversion from mode , which is equal to at the input and mode at the output, needs to exist. For the purpose of adiabatic mode splitting from to , and , an adiabatic mode , which is equal to at the ...
Abstract :soliton order N=1 and N=2 results are also obtained
... half maximum) and lases phase. Simulation results for soliton order N=1 and N=2 are also obtained. Keywords: laser phase, FWHM , soliton order 1.1 Introduction Solitons formed through the balance between the pulse broadening by virtue of self-phase modulation and compression as a result ofnegative g ...
... half maximum) and lases phase. Simulation results for soliton order N=1 and N=2 are also obtained. Keywords: laser phase, FWHM , soliton order 1.1 Introduction Solitons formed through the balance between the pulse broadening by virtue of self-phase modulation and compression as a result ofnegative g ...
Notes on optical fibres and fibre bundles
... important for work in the biosciences rather than in telecommunication applications. It is hoped that the students who are not too familiar with optics will find this note useful and that the interested reader will be spurred on to search elsewhere for further details. The technology of fibre optics ...
... important for work in the biosciences rather than in telecommunication applications. It is hoped that the students who are not too familiar with optics will find this note useful and that the interested reader will be spurred on to search elsewhere for further details. The technology of fibre optics ...
Visual performance in emmetropia and low myopia after
... and human visual perception continues to be a primary focus of vision research (for an excellent review, see Westheimer, 2006). Recent technical innovations such as wavefront sensing and adaptive optics (AO) have allowed researchers for the first time to precisely quantify the complex optical system ...
... and human visual perception continues to be a primary focus of vision research (for an excellent review, see Westheimer, 2006). Recent technical innovations such as wavefront sensing and adaptive optics (AO) have allowed researchers for the first time to precisely quantify the complex optical system ...
Photonic band structure theory: assessment and perspectives
... additional tools in order to develop PCs into a platform technology for optical telecommunication. Photonic bandstructure theory lies at the heart of many of the interesting developments sketched above; photonic bandstructure calculations determine the structures that exhibit complete PBGs and allow ...
... additional tools in order to develop PCs into a platform technology for optical telecommunication. Photonic bandstructure theory lies at the heart of many of the interesting developments sketched above; photonic bandstructure calculations determine the structures that exhibit complete PBGs and allow ...
Basic Principles and Applications of Holography
... from these surfaces (mirrors) in a direction such that the reflected ray appears to come from point S′. Two such rays from S are shown in Figure 10-5, one up and to the left (labeled a), the other down and to the left (labeled b). The reflected rays are labeled a0, a1, a2, a–1, a–2, and b2 and b1, i ...
... from these surfaces (mirrors) in a direction such that the reflected ray appears to come from point S′. Two such rays from S are shown in Figure 10-5, one up and to the left (labeled a), the other down and to the left (labeled b). The reflected rays are labeled a0, a1, a2, a–1, a–2, and b2 and b1, i ...
Stable higher-charge discrete vortices in hexagonal optical lattices
... similar findings for Bessel lattices 关11兴. We verify this finding by demonstrating numerically the generation of a doublecharge vortex with realistic experimental parameters. It is particularly important to highlight that, although our results will be given with a view toward applications in photore ...
... similar findings for Bessel lattices 关11兴. We verify this finding by demonstrating numerically the generation of a doublecharge vortex with realistic experimental parameters. It is particularly important to highlight that, although our results will be given with a view toward applications in photore ...
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI
... spectra and therefore different optical components. In this work, the optical components studied are Distribute Bragg Reflectors (DBR), microcavities, omnidirectional mirrors and waveguides. The theoretical methods for the study of multilayers have been developed in chapter 3 where different program ...
... spectra and therefore different optical components. In this work, the optical components studied are Distribute Bragg Reflectors (DBR), microcavities, omnidirectional mirrors and waveguides. The theoretical methods for the study of multilayers have been developed in chapter 3 where different program ...
Effect of spatial distribution of partial information on the accurate
... Consider two FRFDs of orders a1 and a2 such that the representation of a signal in these two domains is, respectively, denoted by f x and gx. That is, gx F a f x with a a2 − a1 . We will assume that the signal f in the a1 th-order FRFD is approximately confined to the interval −Δx a1 ...
... Consider two FRFDs of orders a1 and a2 such that the representation of a signal in these two domains is, respectively, denoted by f x and gx. That is, gx F a f x with a a2 − a1 . We will assume that the signal f in the a1 th-order FRFD is approximately confined to the interval −Δx a1 ...
Fiber Optic Sensors For Detection of Toxic and Biological Threats
... (size) and the optical properties (core and cladding indices) of the fiber and the light launching conditions. Deforming the fiber by mechanical stresses or other forms of perturbation results in modal power modulation, which can be exploited in sensing the applied signals. The measurements of the d ...
... (size) and the optical properties (core and cladding indices) of the fiber and the light launching conditions. Deforming the fiber by mechanical stresses or other forms of perturbation results in modal power modulation, which can be exploited in sensing the applied signals. The measurements of the d ...
Rethinking Orbital Imaging
... Axial section showing the mass indenting the left globe. F, Axial section showing left globe tenting by marked anterior displacement. The lesion was diagnosed as frontal mucocele; the patient underwent successful drainage of the mucocele with tube placement. The following imaging features were assig ...
... Axial section showing the mass indenting the left globe. F, Axial section showing left globe tenting by marked anterior displacement. The lesion was diagnosed as frontal mucocele; the patient underwent successful drainage of the mucocele with tube placement. The following imaging features were assig ...
Implementing the Theory of Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational
... isotropic distribution of molecules in a bulk phase is centrosymmetric, i.e., it lacks asymmetry and is consequently SF inactive. Introduction of an interface into an isotropic bulk phase gives rise to a plane of asymmetry and the SF activity of exclusively the interfacial molecules. In addition, fo ...
... isotropic distribution of molecules in a bulk phase is centrosymmetric, i.e., it lacks asymmetry and is consequently SF inactive. Introduction of an interface into an isotropic bulk phase gives rise to a plane of asymmetry and the SF activity of exclusively the interfacial molecules. In addition, fo ...
Optical coherence tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an established medical imaging technique that uses light to capture micrometer-resolution, three-dimensional images from within optical scattering media (e.g., biological tissue). Optical coherence tomography is based on low-coherence interferometry, typically employing near-infrared light. The use of relatively long wavelength light allows it to penetrate into the scattering medium. Confocal microscopy, another optical technique, typically penetrates less deeply into the sample but with higher resolution.Depending on the properties of the light source (superluminescent diodes, ultrashort pulsed lasers, and supercontinuum lasers have been employed), optical coherence tomography has achieved sub- micrometer resolution (with very wide-spectrum sources emitting over a ~100 nm wavelength range).Optical coherence tomography is one of a class of optical tomographic techniques. A relatively recent implementation of optical coherence tomography, frequency-domain optical coherence tomography, provides advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, permitting faster signal acquisition. Commercially available optical coherence tomography systems are employed in diverse applications, including art conservation and diagnostic medicine, notably in ophthalmology and optometry where it can be used to obtain detailed images from within the retina. Recently it has also begun to be used in interventional cardiology to help diagnose coronary artery disease. It has also shown promise in dermatology to improve the diagnostic process.