Technical Manual - Asiya
... Finally, include the folder containing Asiya executable files in the PATH variable: export PATH=$PATH:/home/me/soft/asiya/bin ...
... Finally, include the folder containing Asiya executable files in the PATH variable: export PATH=$PATH:/home/me/soft/asiya/bin ...
Towards a Standard for the Creation of Lexica
... The EAGLES specifications for Morphosyntax are the result of a bottom-up approach, consisting of a comparison of the main encoding practices in lexica and corpora and resulting in a consensual proposal on the basis of this comparison. The consensual proposal has been tested by applying it to Catalan ...
... The EAGLES specifications for Morphosyntax are the result of a bottom-up approach, consisting of a comparison of the main encoding practices in lexica and corpora and resulting in a consensual proposal on the basis of this comparison. The consensual proposal has been tested by applying it to Catalan ...
Serbo-Croatian Word Order - coli.uni
... nally in Smith (2010); also Mihaliček and Pollard (to appear)). ...
... nally in Smith (2010); also Mihaliček and Pollard (to appear)). ...
a syntactic analysis of the functions of to
... of to-infinitive phrases in the Jakarta Post. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University. To-infinitive phrase may not be functioned as a main verb, but it may carry another syn ...
... of to-infinitive phrases in the Jakarta Post. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University. To-infinitive phrase may not be functioned as a main verb, but it may carry another syn ...
Chapter 2: Linguistic Background
... they are realized in English. Two forms of nouns - the singular and plural forms - have already been mentioned. Pronouns take forms based on person (first, second, and third) and gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter). Each of these distinctions reflects a systematic analysis that is almost wholly ...
... they are realized in English. Two forms of nouns - the singular and plural forms - have already been mentioned. Pronouns take forms based on person (first, second, and third) and gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter). Each of these distinctions reflects a systematic analysis that is almost wholly ...
Typological variation of the adjectival class
... classes are treated merely as primitives, either in terms of input to rules, determinants of underlying phrase structure, governors of inflectional patterns, or as sources of valency and subcategorization frames. Thus, class-designations such as “verb”, “adjective”, and “noun” are the linchpins of s ...
... classes are treated merely as primitives, either in terms of input to rules, determinants of underlying phrase structure, governors of inflectional patterns, or as sources of valency and subcategorization frames. Thus, class-designations such as “verb”, “adjective”, and “noun” are the linchpins of s ...
the nature and classification of idioms
... association with the original meaning of the individual words. Here are some examples: to tell someone where to get off, to bring the house down, to take it out on someone. The learner will have great difficulty here unless he has heard the idioms before. Even when they are used in context, it is no ...
... association with the original meaning of the individual words. Here are some examples: to tell someone where to get off, to bring the house down, to take it out on someone. The learner will have great difficulty here unless he has heard the idioms before. Even when they are used in context, it is no ...
Categorizing Words Using "Frequent Frames": What Cross
... acquisition. In addition, knowledge of word categories and the syntactic structures in which they participate may aid learners in acquiring word meaning (Gleitman, 1990; Gleitman, Cassidy, Nappa, Papafragou and Trueswell, 2005; Landau and Gleitman, 1985). In their introductory text on syntactic theo ...
... acquisition. In addition, knowledge of word categories and the syntactic structures in which they participate may aid learners in acquiring word meaning (Gleitman, 1990; Gleitman, Cassidy, Nappa, Papafragou and Trueswell, 2005; Landau and Gleitman, 1985). In their introductory text on syntactic theo ...
TRANSLATION SHIFT OF PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE ON ICE AGE
... meaningful unit on its own and contributes in a unified way to the meaning of the whole sentence or clause. There are six kinds of phrases in English, namely noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverb phrase, prepositional phrase, verb phrase, and verbal phrase. Prepositional is the head word in phrase, ...
... meaningful unit on its own and contributes in a unified way to the meaning of the whole sentence or clause. There are six kinds of phrases in English, namely noun phrase, adjective phrase, adverb phrase, prepositional phrase, verb phrase, and verbal phrase. Prepositional is the head word in phrase, ...
On degree phrases and result clauses Rijkhoek, Paulien Dea
... Her friend picked the exact same colour, [quite independently of her own choice] ...
... Her friend picked the exact same colour, [quite independently of her own choice] ...
The Grammar of Karipúna Creole
... The Karipuna Indians of Brazil, who number 400-600, now live in the northern part of the territory of Amapá, near the border with French Guiana. They inhabit three main villages and some smaller clusters of houses along the Curipi river. The oldest of these villages, Espírito Santo, has been the cen ...
... The Karipuna Indians of Brazil, who number 400-600, now live in the northern part of the territory of Amapá, near the border with French Guiana. They inhabit three main villages and some smaller clusters of houses along the Curipi river. The oldest of these villages, Espírito Santo, has been the cen ...
B-05-Hyman_page 95-117.indd
... a clitic, which has been glossed as D (for determiner; cf. below). If this D is realized as an enclitic it will end in the vowel [ɔ] (from historical *[ʌ]). If, however, the D procliticizes to the following word, e.g. to a verb in IBV, the forms are segmentally identical to the noun class prefixes ( ...
... a clitic, which has been glossed as D (for determiner; cf. below). If this D is realized as an enclitic it will end in the vowel [ɔ] (from historical *[ʌ]). If, however, the D procliticizes to the following word, e.g. to a verb in IBV, the forms are segmentally identical to the noun class prefixes ( ...
A Large-Scale Japanese CFG Derived from a Syntactically
... in the corpus) to avoid such problems, this is not enough, as the rules that occur more than once may also increase ambiguity. Since the sentences of a normal, syntactically annotated corpus have “semantically correct” structure, the derived grammar creates many parse results, representing a differ ...
... in the corpus) to avoid such problems, this is not enough, as the rules that occur more than once may also increase ambiguity. Since the sentences of a normal, syntactically annotated corpus have “semantically correct” structure, the derived grammar creates many parse results, representing a differ ...
by Cristina Job Schmitt Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the
... the aspectual interpretations of the construction. Chapter 4 proposes a theory of Determiner Transparency in which definite determiners in relative clauses, certain kinds of adjectives and demonstratives do not select for their head NP and as a result, durative reading of the VP predicate are obtain ...
... the aspectual interpretations of the construction. Chapter 4 proposes a theory of Determiner Transparency in which definite determiners in relative clauses, certain kinds of adjectives and demonstratives do not select for their head NP and as a result, durative reading of the VP predicate are obtain ...
6.863J Natural Language Processing Lecture 9: Writing grammars
... John ate the ice-cream What did John eat? What did Bill say that that John thought the cat ate? For What x, did Bill say… the cat ate x Bush is too stubborn to talk to Bush is too stubborn [x to talk to Bush] Bush is too stubborn to talk to the Pope Bush is too stubborn [Bush to talk to the Pope] 6. ...
... John ate the ice-cream What did John eat? What did Bill say that that John thought the cat ate? For What x, did Bill say… the cat ate x Bush is too stubborn to talk to Bush is too stubborn [x to talk to Bush] Bush is too stubborn to talk to the Pope Bush is too stubborn [Bush to talk to the Pope] 6. ...
Relative clauses in Asante Twi
... Twi relative clauses, such as ɔ-ɔ-sɾɪ ‘she is laughing’ in (1), are preceded by an invariant relativizer āà, whose phonemic form is discussed in detail in §2. Relative clauses are frequently followed by the relative clause enclitic no (discussed further in §3), which is glossed in this work as a dep ...
... Twi relative clauses, such as ɔ-ɔ-sɾɪ ‘she is laughing’ in (1), are preceded by an invariant relativizer āà, whose phonemic form is discussed in detail in §2. Relative clauses are frequently followed by the relative clause enclitic no (discussed further in §3), which is glossed in this work as a dep ...
Transformation of Idioms and Transparency
... meaning, therefore it can be easily paraphrased into the passive form “smb was made to feel insecure/confused”. The idiom “to bring somebody down to earth” used in the second sentence can be paraphrased as “to make somebody return to a normal way of thinking after a period of excitement” and the par ...
... meaning, therefore it can be easily paraphrased into the passive form “smb was made to feel insecure/confused”. The idiom “to bring somebody down to earth” used in the second sentence can be paraphrased as “to make somebody return to a normal way of thinking after a period of excitement” and the par ...
Ovid, Metamorphoses 8
... flexā ... ambāge: meaning shows that flexā must be taken as ablative singular qualifying ambāge. Initially students may assume it qualifies lūmina because of word order. By now, however, they should be growing used to Ovid's tendency to split nouns and adjectives. Metre does not solve the ambiguity, ...
... flexā ... ambāge: meaning shows that flexā must be taken as ablative singular qualifying ambāge. Initially students may assume it qualifies lūmina because of word order. By now, however, they should be growing used to Ovid's tendency to split nouns and adjectives. Metre does not solve the ambiguity, ...
studies in basque syntax: relative clauses
... work Sintaxis del idioma Buskaro (San Sebastian, 1912), where a 35-page-Iong section is devoted to them. Echaide's treatment contrasts favorably with the virtual absence of treatment in other books. appears to have grasped the general nature of relative clauses rather well and provides some genuine ...
... work Sintaxis del idioma Buskaro (San Sebastian, 1912), where a 35-page-Iong section is devoted to them. Echaide's treatment contrasts favorably with the virtual absence of treatment in other books. appears to have grasped the general nature of relative clauses rather well and provides some genuine ...
Idiomatic variants and synonymous idioms in English
... structures or having the same structures but different components belonging to different fields of meaning. Idioms are language units functioning as words; however, they are formed by many lexical words. Therefore, synonymous idioms are more complex than synonyms of words because they are connected ...
... structures or having the same structures but different components belonging to different fields of meaning. Idioms are language units functioning as words; however, they are formed by many lexical words. Therefore, synonymous idioms are more complex than synonyms of words because they are connected ...
Grammar for reading and writing
... Bound morphemes cannot exist alone but are fixed onto words to affect their grammar, leaving their basic meaning unaffected. Such morphemes can be known by the generic term affixes; or prefixes if they are fixed in front and suffixes if placed at the end. For example, the regular English plural morp ...
... Bound morphemes cannot exist alone but are fixed onto words to affect their grammar, leaving their basic meaning unaffected. Such morphemes can be known by the generic term affixes; or prefixes if they are fixed in front and suffixes if placed at the end. For example, the regular English plural morp ...
Parallel Structure #1: Lists
... Parallel structure (or parallelism) is the rule that words or phrases in a series should be in the same from. Correct parallel structure is important because it makes a sentence easier to read and understand by allowing thoughts to flow more smoothly for the reader. Specifically, series occur in sen ...
... Parallel structure (or parallelism) is the rule that words or phrases in a series should be in the same from. Correct parallel structure is important because it makes a sentence easier to read and understand by allowing thoughts to flow more smoothly for the reader. Specifically, series occur in sen ...
A Bi-Polar Theory of Nominal and Clause Structure and Function
... As noted above, the referential and relational poles combine to form a referring expression. The combining of the referential and relational poles in creating a referring expression provides semantic motivation for the syntactic notion of a maximal projection. A relational pole alone does not consti ...
... As noted above, the referential and relational poles combine to form a referring expression. The combining of the referential and relational poles in creating a referring expression provides semantic motivation for the syntactic notion of a maximal projection. A relational pole alone does not consti ...
Slides
... • Languages do not all have the same categories; however, they all seem to have nouns and verbs. • In English, we have the following word categories (and more): 1. determiners (D) a, the, an, my, his, each, that... 2. nouns (N) cat, book, wallet, happiness... 3. verbs (V) run, walk, surpass, alienat ...
... • Languages do not all have the same categories; however, they all seem to have nouns and verbs. • In English, we have the following word categories (and more): 1. determiners (D) a, the, an, my, his, each, that... 2. nouns (N) cat, book, wallet, happiness... 3. verbs (V) run, walk, surpass, alienat ...
Open Information Extraction from Real Internet Texts in Spanish
... relation or its possible arguments. In Open IE, a unit of extracted information is presented as a “relation tuple,” most commonly a triple. For
example, a relation tuple corresponding to the phrase “Benito Juárez nació en San Pablo
Guelatao, Oaxaca” (“Benito Juárez ...
... relation or its possible arguments. In Open IE, a unit of extracted information is presented as a “relation tuple,” most commonly a triple
Determiner phrase
In linguistics, a determiner phrase (DP) is a type of phrase posited by some theories of syntax. The head of a DP is a determiner, as opposed to a noun. For example in the phrase the car, the is a determiner and car is a noun; the two combine to form a phrase, and on the DP-analysis, the determiner the is head over the noun car. The existence of DPs is a controversial issue in the study of syntax. The traditional analysis of phrases such as the car is that the noun is the head, which means the phrase is a noun phrase (NP), not a determiner phrase. Beginning in the mid 1980s, an alternative analysis arose that posits the determiner as the head, which makes the phrase a DP instead of an NP.The DP-analysis of phrases such as the car is the majority view in generative grammar today (Government and Binding and Minimalist Program), but is a minority stance in the study of syntax and grammar in general. Most frameworks outside of generative grammar continue to assume the traditional NP analysis of noun phrases. For instance, representational phrase structure grammars assume NP, e.g. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, and most dependency grammars such as Meaning-Text Theory, Functional Generative Description, Lexicase Grammar also assume the traditional NP-analysis of noun phrases, Word Grammar being the one exception. Construction Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar also assume NP instead of DP. Furthermore, the DP-analysis does not reach into the teaching of grammar in schools in the English-speaking world, and certainly not in the non-English-speaking world. Since the existence of DPs is a controversial issue that splits the syntax community into two camps (DP vs. NP), this article strives to accommodate both views. Some arguments supporting/refuting both analyses are considered.