Unit – 1 1. Explain the formation Ionic, Covalent and Metallic
... 2) a) Explain the concept of dual nature of light? b) Derive the Schrödinger’s wave equation for the motion of an electron? 3) a) Derive an expression for the debroglie wavelength b) Show that the wavelength associated with an electron of mass and kinetic energy is given by λ=h/ (2mE)1/2 4) Explain ...
... 2) a) Explain the concept of dual nature of light? b) Derive the Schrödinger’s wave equation for the motion of an electron? 3) a) Derive an expression for the debroglie wavelength b) Show that the wavelength associated with an electron of mass and kinetic energy is given by λ=h/ (2mE)1/2 4) Explain ...
Introduction - Research
... much like a one way mirror so that only the emission wavelength was passed to the PMT. The excitation photons were produced using a green laser with a frequency of 532nm. In place of fluorescein a dye, X-Rhodamine (XRITC), was used for fluorescence detection. This was due to the calcium binding prop ...
... much like a one way mirror so that only the emission wavelength was passed to the PMT. The excitation photons were produced using a green laser with a frequency of 532nm. In place of fluorescein a dye, X-Rhodamine (XRITC), was used for fluorescence detection. This was due to the calcium binding prop ...
Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction
... nonlinear relation between qr and qi, which is markedly different from conventional specular reflection. Equation 4 predicts that there is always a critical angle of incidence ...
... nonlinear relation between qr and qi, which is markedly different from conventional specular reflection. Equation 4 predicts that there is always a critical angle of incidence ...
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE REFRACTIVE INDICES AND
... The liquid crystal was encapsulated in a cell with plane-parallel glass plates, prepared to provide a planar and uniaxial alignment of the molecules. The cell with liquid crystal was thermostated using a special electric oven and temperature was measured with a digital thermometer with accuracy of 0 ...
... The liquid crystal was encapsulated in a cell with plane-parallel glass plates, prepared to provide a planar and uniaxial alignment of the molecules. The cell with liquid crystal was thermostated using a special electric oven and temperature was measured with a digital thermometer with accuracy of 0 ...
The structure of the energy bands and optical absorption in osmium
... and the section E by transitions 1-7-1 1-14. We note that the partial contributions to the conductivity from transitions 1,2+13-16 are very insignificant, so that the spectral dependence of band 2 is mainly determined by (d-+p, f )-type transitions. 3. Theory predicts an absorption band B on the sec ...
... and the section E by transitions 1-7-1 1-14. We note that the partial contributions to the conductivity from transitions 1,2+13-16 are very insignificant, so that the spectral dependence of band 2 is mainly determined by (d-+p, f )-type transitions. 3. Theory predicts an absorption band B on the sec ...
A Survivable Protection and Restoration Scheme using Wavelength
... from limited bandwidth capacity and/or performance degradation because of Rayleigh backscattering and other back reflection from centrally distributed light source for upstream transmission. In this regard, using tunable optical transmitter with narrow optical linewidth and embedded local wavelength ...
... from limited bandwidth capacity and/or performance degradation because of Rayleigh backscattering and other back reflection from centrally distributed light source for upstream transmission. In this regard, using tunable optical transmitter with narrow optical linewidth and embedded local wavelength ...
Polarization of light on reflection by some natural
... water that meaningful results could not be obtained when measurements were made in planes other than the principal plane since the signal-to-noise ratio approached unity because of the absence of appreciable amounts of lateral scattering. Hence, in order to facilitate intercomparisons of all of the ...
... water that meaningful results could not be obtained when measurements were made in planes other than the principal plane since the signal-to-noise ratio approached unity because of the absence of appreciable amounts of lateral scattering. Hence, in order to facilitate intercomparisons of all of the ...
DVD Optical System Design
... probably)—which would push the backfocal plane out probably much farther than any reasonable design should allow. Figure 4: Internal Reflectivity of rays off DVD surface ...
... probably)—which would push the backfocal plane out probably much farther than any reasonable design should allow. Figure 4: Internal Reflectivity of rays off DVD surface ...
ECE 182 POLARIZATION
... where no - refractive index of ordinary ray, ne - refractive index of extraordinary ray, d thickness of plate, and λ – wavelength. Since nλ is the path difference between the two rays, n can be considered as the retardation expressed in fractions of a wavelength. For example, n = 1/4 for a quarter-w ...
... where no - refractive index of ordinary ray, ne - refractive index of extraordinary ray, d thickness of plate, and λ – wavelength. Since nλ is the path difference between the two rays, n can be considered as the retardation expressed in fractions of a wavelength. For example, n = 1/4 for a quarter-w ...
The optics and performance of dual-focus fluorescence correlation
... collection efficiency function (CEF). For rapidly rotating molecules with rotational diffusion times much faster than their fluorescence decay time, the MDF is well approximated by the simple product of the excitation light intensity distribution with the CEF, and we will limit our considerations t ...
... collection efficiency function (CEF). For rapidly rotating molecules with rotational diffusion times much faster than their fluorescence decay time, the MDF is well approximated by the simple product of the excitation light intensity distribution with the CEF, and we will limit our considerations t ...
rubidium vapor cell with integrated nonmetallic multilayer reflectors
... chamber and the cell is sealed via anodic bonding between two Pyrex 7740 plates. In this case, the vapor cell was filled with 87 Rb along with 153 Torr Xe and 1100 Torr N2 buffer gases. The top Pyrex plate allows optical access to the vapor. ...
... chamber and the cell is sealed via anodic bonding between two Pyrex 7740 plates. In this case, the vapor cell was filled with 87 Rb along with 153 Torr Xe and 1100 Torr N2 buffer gases. The top Pyrex plate allows optical access to the vapor. ...
Low-Coherence Fibre-Optic Interferometric Sensors
... of the optical path difference (1/OPD) [8]. In this type of the signal processing it is necessary to use special measurement equipment and mathematical processing of the measurement signal, which makes this method relatively expensive, complex and time-consuming. Moreover, the measurement system wit ...
... of the optical path difference (1/OPD) [8]. In this type of the signal processing it is necessary to use special measurement equipment and mathematical processing of the measurement signal, which makes this method relatively expensive, complex and time-consuming. Moreover, the measurement system wit ...
PDF
... another multiplexing dimension in order to further increase the data capacity of optical communication systems [3,4], as well as in optical micromanipulations where the OAM of the photons can be directly transferred to that of an optically trapped particle causing it to rotate [5,6]. OAM beams also ...
... another multiplexing dimension in order to further increase the data capacity of optical communication systems [3,4], as well as in optical micromanipulations where the OAM of the photons can be directly transferred to that of an optically trapped particle causing it to rotate [5,6]. OAM beams also ...
High-speed addressable confocal microscopy for functional imaging
... used acousto-optic deflectors 共AODs兲 instead of scanning mirrors to position the excitation light.19 AODs rely on diffraction of light, unlike mirrors that utilize reflection. Their operation is based on the fact that sound waves travel through an acousto-optic medium as a series of compressions and ...
... used acousto-optic deflectors 共AODs兲 instead of scanning mirrors to position the excitation light.19 AODs rely on diffraction of light, unlike mirrors that utilize reflection. Their operation is based on the fact that sound waves travel through an acousto-optic medium as a series of compressions and ...