Download Unit – 1 1. Explain the formation Ionic, Covalent and Metallic

Unit – 1
1.
Explain the formation Ionic, Covalent and Metallic bonding with a
suitable examples.
2.
Derive the expression for the equilibrium spacing of two atoms
for which the potential energy is minimum and hence obtain the
dissociation energy.
3.
Show that FCC is the most closely packed of the three cubic
structures by working out the packing factors.
4.
Explain the terms (i) Basis (ii) Space Lattices and Illustrate
Bravais Lattices
5.
What are Miller Indices? How are they obtained? Explain the
significance of Miller Indices.
6.
Describe the structure of NaCl and Diamond.
7.
Obtain an expression for the packing factors of SC, BCC and FCC
structures.
8.
Explain Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction.
9.
Describe Laue’s method of determination of Crystal structure.
10.
Describe with suitable diagram, the powder method of
determination of Crystal structure.
11.
Explain indetail Point Defects, Frenkel and Schottky Defects.
12.
Explain Line Defect and significance of Burgers Vector.
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UNIT—II
1) What are matter waves? Explain their properties?
2) a) Explain the concept of dual nature of light?
b) Derive the Schrödinger’s wave equation for the motion of an electron?
3) a) Derive an expression for the debroglie wavelength
b) Show that the wavelength associated with an electron of mass and kinetic energy is given
by λ=h/ (2mE)1/2
4) Explain in detail the Davisson and Germer experiment to prove existence of matter waves?
5) a) state the important postulates of MB,BE and FD statistics.
b) Derive an expression for density of energy states.
6) a)Discuss the motion of an electron in periodic lattice.
b) What is effective mass of an electron? Derive an expression for the effective mass of an
electron.
7) a)Using kronig –penny model show that the energy spectrum of an electron contains a number
of allowed energy bands separated by forbidden bands.
b) Explain the origin of energy band formation in solids.
8) Define the following terms.
a)Ensemble b)micro canonical c)canonical d)grand canonical Ensembles.
9) Derive an expression for Fermi energy when T=0K.
10) a)what is Bloch theorem? Explain.
b) Write the conclusions given by kronig penny model?
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Unit – 3
1.
Explain the Electronic Polarizability in atoms and obtain an expression for electronic
polarizability in terms of the radius of the atom.
2.
Explain Ionic and Orientation polarization. Derive it expressions.
3.
Obtain an expression for the internal field seen by an atom in an Infinite array of atoms
subjected to an external field.
4.
Explain Clausius – Mosotti relation in dielectrics subjected to static fields.
5.
Write notes on Piezo – Electricity and Ferro – Electricity.
6.
Define the terms Permeability (µ), Susceptibility (λ), Magnetic Induction (B) and
Magnetic Field (H) with reference to magnetism. Obtain a relation between magnetic
susceptibility, magnetization and magnetic field.
7.
Define magnetic moment. Explain the origin of magnetic moment at the atomic level.
What is a Bohr magneton?
8.
Explain the classification of magnetic materials.
9.
Explain the hysteresis loop observed in Ferromagnetic materials.
10.
What are Hard and Soft magnetic materials?
Give their characteristics properties and applications.
11.
Explain Ferri-magnetism and Anti-ferromagnetism.
What is Meissner effect? Explain in detail.
12.
Describe the difference between Type-I and Type-II
Superconductors. Write applications of superconductivity.
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UNIT-IV
OPTICS:
1. Describe Newton’s ring method for measuring the wavelength of monochromatic light.
Give the necessary theory.
2. What is Interference. Discuss the important conditions for interference of light.
3. Describe the Fraunhofer diffraction due to a single slit and deduce the positions of
maxima and minima. Draw the representation graph of the intensity distribution.
4. What is diffraction of light.
Discuss the Fraunhofer diffraction due to N- slits and obtain the intensity distribution and
positions of maxima and minima.
5. What is polarization and explain the concept of Double Refraction.
6. Describe the construction and working of Nicol’s prism. Mention its uses.
7. Explain how Nicol’s prism is used as Polarizer and Analyzer.
LASERS:
1) What do you understand by population inversion? How is it achieved?
2) Derive the relation between the probabilities of spontaneous emission and
Stimulated emission in terms of Einstein’s Coeffients?
3) Explain the characteristics of LASER.
4) Explain the terms 1. Absorption
2. Spontaneous emission
3. Stimulated emission
4. Pumping mechanism
5. Population inversion
6. Optical cavity
5) Give the principle, construction and working of a semi – conductor diode Laser.
6) Give the construction and working of a Ruby laser.
7) Give the construction and working of a He-Ne laser.
FIBER OPTICS:
1) Explain the basic principle of an Optical Fiber with suitable diagrams.
2) Define the Acceptance angle and Numerical Aperture .Write a brief note on Each.
3) Distinguish between light propagation in Step index and Graded index Optical
Fiber.
4) What are the losses in Optical fibers? Write a brief note on each.
5) Give the applications of optical fibers?
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UNIT-V
Semiconductors:
1. Distinguish the intrinsic & extrinsic semiconductors
2. Derive the expression for the density of holes in valnce band of intrinsic semiconductor.
3. Derive the expression for the density of electrons in conduction band of intrinsic
semiconductor.
4. Derive the expression for the carrier concentration in P-type semiconductor.
5. Expalin the Hall effect and its importance.
6. Draw the variation of of Fermi level with temperature in extrinsic semiconductor.
7. Write a note on Direct and Indirect band gap in semiconductors.
8. Draw the energy diagram pf PN diode and explain the I-V characteristics of PN diode
9. Derive Diode equation.
10. Write a notes on
a) Solar cell
b) LED
c) Photo diode
Acoustics:
1. Define
a) reverberation
b) reverabation time
c) Absorption coefficient of a material
2. Derive Sabines formula for reverabation time.
3. Describe the method of measurement of sound absorption coefficient.
4. Describe the different methods of acoustic quieting.
Nano technology:
1. What are Nano- materials? Why do they exhibit different properties?
2. Describe the “SOL-GEL” process for the fabrication of Bottom – up.
3. Explain chemical vapor decomposition method for Top – down fabrication.
4. What is the principle behind the TEM?
Explain characterization by TEM.
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