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... A reflecting surface is one that is highly polished, opaque and coated with special reflective materials. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. The incident ray is the line AO, the reflected ray is OB and ON is the normal to the reflecting surf ...
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Plasmonic waveguide filters with nanodisk resonators

... obtain results over a range of wavelengths of interest. ...
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... A wave (called the refracted wave) also arises on the other side of the interface where the reflection occurs. The three arrows in the sketch at left represent the 3 wave vectors for the incident, reflected and refracted waves. All 3 wave vectors lie in the same plane (the plane of incidence). The a ...
wavelength dependence of the light-induced index
wavelength dependence of the light-induced index

... 700- -1400-nm wavelength range. In the experiment, a UV light pulse from a Lumonics 'Series TE-260-2 excimer laser is impinged upon one arm of the dissimilar-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferoi neter. The UV light beam has a wavelength of 249 iim, a pulse length of 8 nsec, an energy per pulse of 2401 nJ, ...
Depth-of-Focus in Microscopy
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... these descriptions do not agree. In general, the authors propose that ∆z should be a function of the wavelength of light, λ , the numerical aperture of the objective lens NA, the index of refraction, n, and the total magnification of the optical system M. The numerical aperture is defined as NA = n• ...
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... – Mode distribution describes how evenly the energy is distributed across all modes. – Mode scrambler is used to achieve steady state for measurement purposes on short fibers. – Cutoff wavelength is the minimum propagation wavelength that can be transmitted. – Mode-field diameter (output spot size) ...
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... and relative permeability (  r ). For conventional materials like water or glass, which are usually optically transparent, both of their  r and  r are positive, and refraction phenomenon meeting Snell’s law occurs when light from air strikes obliquely on the surface of such kind of substances. In ...
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... shall, without loss of generality, omit further mention of the B field. A beam of light in which the direction of E is random in the x-y plane (see Fig. 2a) is called unpolarized. However, if the electric vectors are pointing in only one direction, e.g. parallel to the x-axis (see Fig. 2b) then the ...
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... range output. The most significant of these is the amplitude of the return signal, or the reflectance of the target. Indicated range can vary as much as 3 inches between very weak signals and very strong ones. The sensor has a signal strength detector, which generates an analog signal that ranges fr ...
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... have several problems, however. If used with live cells under the coverslip in an aqueous (i.e. low refractive index) medium such as a physiological saline, the PSF deteriorates markedly with distance through the aqueous layer. Beyond 50 mm, the image is poorly resolved and the brightness falls, mak ...
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... 4.1 Choose lasers Go to ACQUIRE / LASER in the main menu bar. You will need to use lasers whose emitted wavelengths match as closely as possible the maximum excitation wavelengths of the sample fluorochromes. For this work we will use only the Diode 488-100mW. It is already on. ...
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Photon scanning microscopy

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