Guided Notes Marine Geology
... their present positions • _________________________ • 200mys a single landmass called Pangea broke up • Evidence – Coastlines fit like a __________________________ – Similar ___________________________ on different continents Problems with Continental Drift • ______________________ for how the conti ...
... their present positions • _________________________ • 200mys a single landmass called Pangea broke up • Evidence – Coastlines fit like a __________________________ – Similar ___________________________ on different continents Problems with Continental Drift • ______________________ for how the conti ...
Carbon-rich oceans - Sea Surface Consortium
... oceans. “The warming of the surface layer of the ocean is decreasing its density, resulting in a more stratified, or layered, water column. This is reducing the supply of nutrient-rich deep waters to the productive sunlit surface ocean,” says Eric. This decrease in nutrients will mean that in the fu ...
... oceans. “The warming of the surface layer of the ocean is decreasing its density, resulting in a more stratified, or layered, water column. This is reducing the supply of nutrient-rich deep waters to the productive sunlit surface ocean,” says Eric. This decrease in nutrients will mean that in the fu ...
Chapter 3 The Origin of Ocean Basins LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1
... 2. Rocks on the sea floor with reverse paleomagnetism locally weaken Earth’s magnetic field, producing a negative anomaly. 3. Rocks forming at the ridge crest record the magnetism existing at the time they solidify. a. The next rifting divides them with part being added to each side of the widening ...
... 2. Rocks on the sea floor with reverse paleomagnetism locally weaken Earth’s magnetic field, producing a negative anomaly. 3. Rocks forming at the ridge crest record the magnetism existing at the time they solidify. a. The next rifting divides them with part being added to each side of the widening ...
Full-text PDF - Association for the Sciences of Limnology
... blooms occur in the Atlantic ( Darwin 1839; Agassiz 1888)) we have not found any reports of mortality resulting from them. The factors that contribute to blooms of Trichodesmium are not yet known. Weather conditions at Nuku’alofa during the month of January 1963 were not exceptional. The sea tempera ...
... blooms occur in the Atlantic ( Darwin 1839; Agassiz 1888)) we have not found any reports of mortality resulting from them. The factors that contribute to blooms of Trichodesmium are not yet known. Weather conditions at Nuku’alofa during the month of January 1963 were not exceptional. The sea tempera ...
Chapter 3: The Physical Setting
... Scale of ocean is similar to a piece of paper Only three official oceans Exceed volume of ocean water continental shelves Echo sounder maps of bathymetry with ...
... Scale of ocean is similar to a piece of paper Only three official oceans Exceed volume of ocean water continental shelves Echo sounder maps of bathymetry with ...
9-4 Sea Floor Spreading
... Subduction occurs at deep ocean trenches found where the crust is being pushed together. (Convergent boundaries) The ocean floor is renewed in this process about every 200 million years Most subduction zones (deep ocean trenches) are found n the pacific ...
... Subduction occurs at deep ocean trenches found where the crust is being pushed together. (Convergent boundaries) The ocean floor is renewed in this process about every 200 million years Most subduction zones (deep ocean trenches) are found n the pacific ...
Aquatic Biomes, Part I – Marine Biomes
... Diversity - Biologically, oceans are species-rich Food supply - Oceans are a critical food source for much of the human population ...
... Diversity - Biologically, oceans are species-rich Food supply - Oceans are a critical food source for much of the human population ...
Currents Under the Surface
... Unlike surface currents, which are driven by wind, deep ocean currents are driven by gravity and differences in density. A density current is heavier and denser than surrounding water; such dense water masses sink from the surface toward the bottom of the ocean where they circulate in the deep ocean ...
... Unlike surface currents, which are driven by wind, deep ocean currents are driven by gravity and differences in density. A density current is heavier and denser than surrounding water; such dense water masses sink from the surface toward the bottom of the ocean where they circulate in the deep ocean ...
Part 1: The Factors of Life!
... We know that the visible light translates into heat. There are three temperature zones in ocean water. The surface layer, or mixed layer, is the warmest as it is most affected by the surrounding air and sunlight, as well as wind and rain. The shallow coastal surface waters in the tropics can reach 1 ...
... We know that the visible light translates into heat. There are three temperature zones in ocean water. The surface layer, or mixed layer, is the warmest as it is most affected by the surrounding air and sunlight, as well as wind and rain. The shallow coastal surface waters in the tropics can reach 1 ...
PowerPoint for Review
... A hurricane last year, And glaciers long ago, Are ways that natural forces use To change the earth we know. (Repeat Chorus) ...
... A hurricane last year, And glaciers long ago, Are ways that natural forces use To change the earth we know. (Repeat Chorus) ...
Chapter 23 Test Review Notes
... One method of obtaining a sample of sea-floor sediment with its layers preserved involves using a gravity corer. Passive continental margins are characterized by the presence of coastal plains. Suppose sound travels at an average rate of 1500 meters per second through seawater above a particul ...
... One method of obtaining a sample of sea-floor sediment with its layers preserved involves using a gravity corer. Passive continental margins are characterized by the presence of coastal plains. Suppose sound travels at an average rate of 1500 meters per second through seawater above a particul ...
What are waves? - the National Sea Grant Library
... created by the capillary waves increases the rate of energy transfer and waves begin to form on the ocean surface. In the the region where wind is blowing across the ocean surface and waves are being generated, the sea surface is characterized by steep waves with many different lengths moving random ...
... created by the capillary waves increases the rate of energy transfer and waves begin to form on the ocean surface. In the the region where wind is blowing across the ocean surface and waves are being generated, the sea surface is characterized by steep waves with many different lengths moving random ...
Oceanography Final Exam Review: Answers
... -There should be a world map in the next big box. Be able to label all of the currents listed above it. -50m/day * 5 days = 250 miles -450 miles / 60 miles per day = 7.5 days Density current Currents along the bottom of the oceans driven by differences in water density Upwelling Movement of cold, nu ...
... -There should be a world map in the next big box. Be able to label all of the currents listed above it. -50m/day * 5 days = 250 miles -450 miles / 60 miles per day = 7.5 days Density current Currents along the bottom of the oceans driven by differences in water density Upwelling Movement of cold, nu ...
Student Notes
... -Depth of oceans used to be measured in ____________ (6 feet) by sending a rope to the bottom 2.How were soundings made after 1920? -In the 1920’s, the _________________ was invented allowing for many deep sea measurements, sound waves are bounced off the bottom and timed to record depth 3.What has ...
... -Depth of oceans used to be measured in ____________ (6 feet) by sending a rope to the bottom 2.How were soundings made after 1920? -In the 1920’s, the _________________ was invented allowing for many deep sea measurements, sound waves are bounced off the bottom and timed to record depth 3.What has ...
Sea Snot
... the drill site spotted relatively huge particles—several centimeters across—of sea snot. These particularly slimy flakes of "marine snow" are made up of tiny dead and living organic matter, according to Uta Passow, a biological oceanographer at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Tiny plant ...
... the drill site spotted relatively huge particles—several centimeters across—of sea snot. These particularly slimy flakes of "marine snow" are made up of tiny dead and living organic matter, according to Uta Passow, a biological oceanographer at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Tiny plant ...
Marine derived ingredients for personal care
... unsaturated fatty acids. Remember, alphacooperation of the Norwegian government. linoleic acid (LNA) is plant-derived therefore The seaweed grows to maturity in five-year a botanical oil, which our bodies then cycles. The beds of brown seaweed off convert into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Norway’s co ...
... unsaturated fatty acids. Remember, alphacooperation of the Norwegian government. linoleic acid (LNA) is plant-derived therefore The seaweed grows to maturity in five-year a botanical oil, which our bodies then cycles. The beds of brown seaweed off convert into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Norway’s co ...
16.1 16.2 Ocean Circulation Waves Tides
... long a wave is in deep water, it is unaffected by water depth. When a wave approaches the shore, the water becomes shallower and the wave begins to “feel bottom” ...
... long a wave is in deep water, it is unaffected by water depth. When a wave approaches the shore, the water becomes shallower and the wave begins to “feel bottom” ...
Shallow Sandy Seas
... Shallow marine environments are areas of accumulation of substantial amounts of terrigenous clastic material brought in by rivers from the continental realm. Offshore from most coastlines there is a region of shallow water, the continental shelf, which may stretch tens to hundreds of kilometres out ...
... Shallow marine environments are areas of accumulation of substantial amounts of terrigenous clastic material brought in by rivers from the continental realm. Offshore from most coastlines there is a region of shallow water, the continental shelf, which may stretch tens to hundreds of kilometres out ...
I. Continental Drift a. Alfred Wegener—German meteorologist i
... b. increase in lithosphere thickness because cooling strengthens underlying mantle iii. spreading occurs from 2 to 15 cm/yr: average ~5 cm/yr 1. could have created all ocean basins in existence in 200 million years 2. no oceanic crust has been discovered that is over 180 million years old c. diverge ...
... b. increase in lithosphere thickness because cooling strengthens underlying mantle iii. spreading occurs from 2 to 15 cm/yr: average ~5 cm/yr 1. could have created all ocean basins in existence in 200 million years 2. no oceanic crust has been discovered that is over 180 million years old c. diverge ...
Seafloor Spreading and Paleomagnetism
... • Wegener suggested rotation of the Earth, but physicists said no • Wegener also thought the continents plowed through ocean floor but there was no evidence for that ...
... • Wegener suggested rotation of the Earth, but physicists said no • Wegener also thought the continents plowed through ocean floor but there was no evidence for that ...
The Sea Breeze
... The Sea Breeze The ability for the ocean to absorb and store energy from the sun is huge. This is due to... 1. the transparency of the water that allows the sun's rays to penetrate deep into the ocean. In clear, tropical water, light can reach a depth of 500-650 feet (150-200 meters) meaning that is ...
... The Sea Breeze The ability for the ocean to absorb and store energy from the sun is huge. This is due to... 1. the transparency of the water that allows the sun's rays to penetrate deep into the ocean. In clear, tropical water, light can reach a depth of 500-650 feet (150-200 meters) meaning that is ...
paleogeography (plate tectonics)
... i. pillow basalt [pillow lava]: smooth pillow-shaped basalt rocks that form when lava cools quickly underwater 5. Megaplume: a large volume of warm, grey/black, mineral-rich, low-density water; may occur due to an eruption of an underwater volcano or because of a large quantity of active hydrotherma ...
... i. pillow basalt [pillow lava]: smooth pillow-shaped basalt rocks that form when lava cools quickly underwater 5. Megaplume: a large volume of warm, grey/black, mineral-rich, low-density water; may occur due to an eruption of an underwater volcano or because of a large quantity of active hydrotherma ...
prologue
... the motion of currents, the transmission of energy (such as sound, heat, and light) in water, and the nature of the tides, among other things. - Chemists can apply their expertise to the analysis of seawater, the measurement of rates and effects of chemical reactions in the water, and the study of t ...
... the motion of currents, the transmission of energy (such as sound, heat, and light) in water, and the nature of the tides, among other things. - Chemists can apply their expertise to the analysis of seawater, the measurement of rates and effects of chemical reactions in the water, and the study of t ...
File
... covers 64,186,000 square miles – that’s more than 1/3 of the Earth’s surface! All the continents on earth could fit into the area that the Pacific covers. The deepest part of the ocean, the Mariana Trench, is under the Pacific – it’s as low as 36,198 feet below the surface in one spot. Pacific means ...
... covers 64,186,000 square miles – that’s more than 1/3 of the Earth’s surface! All the continents on earth could fit into the area that the Pacific covers. The deepest part of the ocean, the Mariana Trench, is under the Pacific – it’s as low as 36,198 feet below the surface in one spot. Pacific means ...
Salt content of open oceans The saltiest water
... moon) (believed to have occurred 4.527 ± 0.010 billion years ago) • Earth appears moonlike, but its higher gravity allows it to retain most of the water vapor liberated by such impacts, unlike the newly formed moon in the background. • A cooler sun illuminates three additional comets hurtling toward ...
... moon) (believed to have occurred 4.527 ± 0.010 billion years ago) • Earth appears moonlike, but its higher gravity allows it to retain most of the water vapor liberated by such impacts, unlike the newly formed moon in the background. • A cooler sun illuminates three additional comets hurtling toward ...
Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, the sea (with the definite article) is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been travelled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British Challenger expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the IHO's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as seas.Owing to the present state of continental drift, the Northern Hemisphere is now fairly equally divided between land and sea (a ratio of about 2:3) but the South is overwhelmingly oceanic (1:4.7). Salinity in the open ocean is generally in a narrow band around 3.5% by mass, although this can vary in more landlocked waters, near the mouths of large rivers, or at great depths. About 85% of the solids in the open sea are sodium chloride. Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature. Surface currents are formed by the friction of waves produced by the wind and by tides, the changes in local sea level produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun. The direction of all of these is governed by surface and submarine land masses and by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis effect).Former changes in the sea levels have left continental shelves, shallow areas in the sea close to land. These nutrient-rich waters teem with life, which provide humans with substantial supplies of food—mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals, and seaweed—which are both harvested in the wild and farmed. The most diverse areas surround great tropical coral reefs. Whaling in the deep sea was once common but whales' dwindling numbers prompted international conservation efforts and finally a moratorium on most commercial hunting. Oceanography has established that not all life is restricted to the sunlit surface waters: even under enormous depths and pressures, nutrients streaming from hydrothermal vents support their own unique ecosystem. Life may have started there and aquatic microbial mats are generally credited with the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere; both plants and animals first evolved in the sea.The sea is an essential aspect of human trade, travel, mineral extraction, and power generation. This has also made it essential to warfare and left major cities exposed to earthquakes and volcanoes from nearby faults; powerful tsunami waves; and hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones produced in the tropics. This importance and duality has affected human culture, from early sea gods to the epic poetry of Homer to the changes induced by the Columbian Exchange, from Viking funerals to Basho's haikus to hyperrealist marine art, and inspiring music ranging from the shanties in The Complaynt of Scotland to Rimsky-Korsakov's ""The Sea and Sinbad's Ship"" to A-mei's ""Listen to the Sea"". It is the scene of leisure activities including swimming, diving, surfing, and sailing. However, population growth, industrialization, and intensive farming have all contributed to present-day marine pollution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is being absorbed in increasing amounts, lowering its pH in a process known as ocean acidification. The shared nature of the sea has made overfishing an increasing problem.