Wave Optics
... For each point in the upper half of the opening, in the direction , there is a point in the lower half that interferes destructively with it. A dark fringe occurs in this direction. Condition for dark fringes: ...
... For each point in the upper half of the opening, in the direction , there is a point in the lower half that interferes destructively with it. A dark fringe occurs in this direction. Condition for dark fringes: ...
Lecture 11
... As we will see, this transformation rule applies in more general situations as long as the paraxial approximation holds. But let痴 focus on the Gaussian beam for concreteness. The Gaussian beam stays Gaussian through any optical system as long as the paraxial approximation is valid. As soon as the pa ...
... As we will see, this transformation rule applies in more general situations as long as the paraxial approximation holds. But let痴 focus on the Gaussian beam for concreteness. The Gaussian beam stays Gaussian through any optical system as long as the paraxial approximation is valid. As soon as the pa ...
Optical Interferometers
... is partially silver-coated on the front surface and angled at 45 degrees) splits the laser beam into two parts of equal amplitude. One beam (that was initially transmitted by the beamsplitter) travels to a fixed mirror M1 and back again. One-half of this amplitude is then reflected from the partiall ...
... is partially silver-coated on the front surface and angled at 45 degrees) splits the laser beam into two parts of equal amplitude. One beam (that was initially transmitted by the beamsplitter) travels to a fixed mirror M1 and back again. One-half of this amplitude is then reflected from the partiall ...
Dynamic measurements using a Fizeau
... simultaneous phase shifts by encoding and detecting reference and measurement beams in such a way as to enable manipulation of their relative phase. The encoding process for instantaneous interferometry may be accomplished through spatial separation of the interfering beams,1,2,3,4 through the intro ...
... simultaneous phase shifts by encoding and detecting reference and measurement beams in such a way as to enable manipulation of their relative phase. The encoding process for instantaneous interferometry may be accomplished through spatial separation of the interfering beams,1,2,3,4 through the intro ...
Chapter 6 Experiment 4: Wave Interference
... that waves usually exhibit some periodic or oscillatory nature such as the water level at a particular point on a pond steadily rising and falling as waves pass. For light (electromagnetic radiation) it is the electric and magnetic fields which oscillate in strength and direction. At visible frequen ...
... that waves usually exhibit some periodic or oscillatory nature such as the water level at a particular point on a pond steadily rising and falling as waves pass. For light (electromagnetic radiation) it is the electric and magnetic fields which oscillate in strength and direction. At visible frequen ...
Lecture 11
... As we will see, this transformation rule applies in more general situations as long as the paraxial approximation holds. But let痴 focus on the Gaussian beam for concreteness. The Gaussian beam stays Gaussian through any optical system as long as the paraxial approximation is valid. As soon as the pa ...
... As we will see, this transformation rule applies in more general situations as long as the paraxial approximation holds. But let痴 focus on the Gaussian beam for concreteness. The Gaussian beam stays Gaussian through any optical system as long as the paraxial approximation is valid. As soon as the pa ...
Dark fringes
... •Spectrum curve (光谱曲线) ：The intensity distribution of light with wavelength ( or frequency ) Good monochromaticity I ...
... •Spectrum curve (光谱曲线) ：The intensity distribution of light with wavelength ( or frequency ) Good monochromaticity I ...
High-resolution measurement of phase singularities
... Screw dislocations are line singularities parallel to the propagation direction [2], which appears as a point if the phase is measured in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. The phase on a closed circle around this point will change by a multiple m of 2p, with m being the strength of ...
... Screw dislocations are line singularities parallel to the propagation direction [2], which appears as a point if the phase is measured in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. The phase on a closed circle around this point will change by a multiple m of 2p, with m being the strength of ...
Two-dimensional control of light with light on metasurfaces
... Ideal performance requires a thin film or metasurface of deeply subwavelength thickness that absorbs 50% of a single beam illuminating the structure. Exploiting that the nanostructure of metasurfaces can be carefully engineered to achieve suitable optical properties and, guided by numerical modeling, ...
... Ideal performance requires a thin film or metasurface of deeply subwavelength thickness that absorbs 50% of a single beam illuminating the structure. Exploiting that the nanostructure of metasurfaces can be carefully engineered to achieve suitable optical properties and, guided by numerical modeling, ...
Bessel Beam Theory - u.arizona.edu
... beam will be compared with the Rayleigh range of a Gaussian beam of the same radius as this lobe. ...
... beam will be compared with the Rayleigh range of a Gaussian beam of the same radius as this lobe. ...
Wavelength-tuning interferometry of intraocular distances
... path length is changed in order to match the light transit times in the reference beam to the light transit time in the object. An alternative approach for measuring optical distances is to use frequency- or Fourier-domain techniques. In these techniques a fixed-reference path length is used. The ob ...
... path length is changed in order to match the light transit times in the reference beam to the light transit time in the object. An alternative approach for measuring optical distances is to use frequency- or Fourier-domain techniques. In these techniques a fixed-reference path length is used. The ob ...
speckling in diffraction patterns and optical images formed with the
... waves, the envelope of the intensity in the diffraction pattern will be expected to have a greater value at Q1 than at Q2. Thus, if the sizes of scattering elements have a gaussian type distribution about a mean, the envelope of the diffraction pattern will be expected to have a maximum at the centr ...
... waves, the envelope of the intensity in the diffraction pattern will be expected to have a greater value at Q1 than at Q2. Thus, if the sizes of scattering elements have a gaussian type distribution about a mean, the envelope of the diffraction pattern will be expected to have a maximum at the centr ...
Exercice N°1 : Laser à 4 niveaux
... 4) We suppose that, without laser action, every absorbed pump photon gives a spontaneous photon at 1064 nm. Show that the relation between n0 and Pabs is ...
... 4) We suppose that, without laser action, every absorbed pump photon gives a spontaneous photon at 1064 nm. Show that the relation between n0 and Pabs is ...
Optical Activity
... molecule occurred with equal abundance, then there would be no net effect on the polarization of light passing through. However, naturally occurring biological molecules of a given species are always either purely right-handed or purely left-handed. Probably at the time of origin of life, organic mo ...
... molecule occurred with equal abundance, then there would be no net effect on the polarization of light passing through. However, naturally occurring biological molecules of a given species are always either purely right-handed or purely left-handed. Probably at the time of origin of life, organic mo ...
Holography
Holography is the science and practice of making holograms. Typically, a hologram is a photographic recording of a light field, rather than of an image formed by a lens, and it is used to display a fully three-dimensional image of the holographed subject, which is seen without the aid of special glasses or other intermediate optics. The hologram itself is not an image and it is usually unintelligible when viewed under diffuse ambient light. It is an encoding of the light field as an interference pattern of seemingly random variations in the opacity, density, or surface profile of the photographic medium. When suitably lit, the interference pattern diffracts the light into a reproduction of the original light field and the objects that were in it appear to still be there, exhibiting visual depth cues such as parallax and perspective that change realistically with any change in the relative position of the observer.In its pure form, holography requires the use of laser light for illuminating the subject and for viewing the finished hologram. In a side-by-side comparison under optimal conditions, a holographic image is visually indistinguishable from the actual subject, if the hologram and the subject are lit just as they were at the time of recording. A microscopic level of detail throughout the recorded volume of space can be reproduced. In common practice, however, major image quality compromises are made to eliminate the need for laser illumination when viewing the hologram, and sometimes, to the extent possible, also when making it. Holographic portraiture often resorts to a non-holographic intermediate imaging procedure, to avoid the hazardous high-powered pulsed lasers otherwise needed to optically ""freeze"" living subjects as perfectly as the extremely motion-intolerant holographic recording process requires. Holograms can now also be entirely computer-generated and show objects or scenes that never existed.Holography should not be confused with lenticular and other earlier autostereoscopic 3D display technologies, which can produce superficially similar results but are based on conventional lens imaging. Stage illusions such as Pepper's Ghost and other unusual, baffling, or seemingly magical images are also often incorrectly called holograms.