Interactions between Micro- and Macroparasites Predict
... Helminth-associated Th17 suppression may therefore influence the host immune response to both intracellular and extracellular parasites. Given this combination of suppressive effects that helminths have on the host immune system, these parasites may facilitate invasion of the host by a wide range of ...
... Helminth-associated Th17 suppression may therefore influence the host immune response to both intracellular and extracellular parasites. Given this combination of suppressive effects that helminths have on the host immune system, these parasites may facilitate invasion of the host by a wide range of ...
Biology
... The range of temperatures that an organism needs to survive and its place in the food web are part of its niche. The combination of biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem often determines the number of different niches in that ecosystem. ...
... The range of temperatures that an organism needs to survive and its place in the food web are part of its niche. The combination of biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem often determines the number of different niches in that ecosystem. ...
Anurag Agrawal - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
... Cornell Institute for Biology Teachers, Summer workshop, July 2010, two hours field trip with 25 secondary school instructors. How to Succeed in Graduate School, BEB Workshop, December 2009. Cornell Club visit and presentations, Washington DC, April 2009 CALS Alumni Presentation, Making a World of D ...
... Cornell Institute for Biology Teachers, Summer workshop, July 2010, two hours field trip with 25 secondary school instructors. How to Succeed in Graduate School, BEB Workshop, December 2009. Cornell Club visit and presentations, Washington DC, April 2009 CALS Alumni Presentation, Making a World of D ...
Biblio RTF Export - Global Invasive Alien Species Information
... toad (Chaunus marinus) larvae and metamorphs to chemical cues?, Austral EcologyAustral Ecology, vol. 33, pp. 37-44, 2008. M. Hagman and R. Shine, ?Australian tadpoles do not avoid chemical cues from invasive cane toads (Bufo marinus)?, Wildlife ResearchWildlife Research, vol. 35, pp. 59-64, 2008. M. ...
... toad (Chaunus marinus) larvae and metamorphs to chemical cues?, Austral EcologyAustral Ecology, vol. 33, pp. 37-44, 2008. M. Hagman and R. Shine, ?Australian tadpoles do not avoid chemical cues from invasive cane toads (Bufo marinus)?, Wildlife ResearchWildlife Research, vol. 35, pp. 59-64, 2008. M. ...
Functional Groups of Ecosystem Engineers: A
... The argument, however, is as much about issues of scale as about process versus outcome—is ecosystem engineering only interesting if its effects are widespread, or can it be interesting at a broad range of spatial scales, from lone organisms to whole ecosystems? I agree with those who argue that a p ...
... The argument, however, is as much about issues of scale as about process versus outcome—is ecosystem engineering only interesting if its effects are widespread, or can it be interesting at a broad range of spatial scales, from lone organisms to whole ecosystems? I agree with those who argue that a p ...
Patterns of disturbance and recovery in littoral rock pools
... were significant size X time of clearance interactions affecting patterns of algal colonizat~onearly in the study. T h e percent cover of turf-forming and canopy-forming plants was greater in the small plots produced in February 1991 than in the other treatments. These effects were more evident in p ...
... were significant size X time of clearance interactions affecting patterns of algal colonizat~onearly in the study. T h e percent cover of turf-forming and canopy-forming plants was greater in the small plots produced in February 1991 than in the other treatments. These effects were more evident in p ...
Mechanisms of UV radiation tolerance displayed
... on UV interactions with lake and marine invertebrates (Dey et al. 1988; Leech and Williamson 2000; Williamson et al. 2001), less is known about UV as it relates to the biota of streams and rivers. In some ways, studying impacts on rivers can be more difficult than on lakes because of their extremely ...
... on UV interactions with lake and marine invertebrates (Dey et al. 1988; Leech and Williamson 2000; Williamson et al. 2001), less is known about UV as it relates to the biota of streams and rivers. In some ways, studying impacts on rivers can be more difficult than on lakes because of their extremely ...
Chapters 3,4 and 6: Ecology
... Different species living in the same environment, or habitat, may require the same resources. When the resources are limited, competition occurs among the species. Competition- is the struggle between different species for the same limited resources. The more similar the needs of the species, the mo ...
... Different species living in the same environment, or habitat, may require the same resources. When the resources are limited, competition occurs among the species. Competition- is the struggle between different species for the same limited resources. The more similar the needs of the species, the mo ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Keeley 2005). For instance, grasses growing in moist areas tend to invest more resources into developing silica-rich structural supports than those growing in arid areas (McNaughton et al. 1985; Olff, Ritchie & Prins 2002). Furthermore, there is a compositional shift in wet areas towards tall grass ...
... Keeley 2005). For instance, grasses growing in moist areas tend to invest more resources into developing silica-rich structural supports than those growing in arid areas (McNaughton et al. 1985; Olff, Ritchie & Prins 2002). Furthermore, there is a compositional shift in wet areas towards tall grass ...
Analysis of adaptive foraging in an intraguild predation system
... 1992). Hence, in our study, we only considered the case where benefit functions are nonlinear and the vulnerability function is linear. The nonlinear foraging benefits suggest that eating particular amounts of prey may increase their benefit comparatively rapidly or little depending on the nonlinear ...
... 1992). Hence, in our study, we only considered the case where benefit functions are nonlinear and the vulnerability function is linear. The nonlinear foraging benefits suggest that eating particular amounts of prey may increase their benefit comparatively rapidly or little depending on the nonlinear ...
A Review of Human Disturbance Effects on Nesting Colonial
... in 1985. While one side of the island is protected (as a national park) and the other is nearly completely developed (containing a research station and resort), no differences in burrow density were found. Shearwaters compensated for the loss of habitat in developed areas by using construction debri ...
... in 1985. While one side of the island is protected (as a national park) and the other is nearly completely developed (containing a research station and resort), no differences in burrow density were found. Shearwaters compensated for the loss of habitat in developed areas by using construction debri ...
Repeatability of medial olivocochlear efferent effects on transient
... interquartile ranges of all results and as assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Four MOCR measurements appeared to be adequate to obtain a reliable baseline measurement. Individualized time-frequency analyses were also important for obtaining reliable measurements. However, several subjects showed stable b ...
... interquartile ranges of all results and as assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Four MOCR measurements appeared to be adequate to obtain a reliable baseline measurement. Individualized time-frequency analyses were also important for obtaining reliable measurements. However, several subjects showed stable b ...
Effects of resource abundance on habitat selection and spatial
... 2001; MCDONALD and ST CLAIR 2004) have been used. These studies have contributed significantly to the understanding of small mammal biology, however there are some important methodological drawbacks that should be taken into consideration when using these methods, and which leave room for improvemen ...
... 2001; MCDONALD and ST CLAIR 2004) have been used. These studies have contributed significantly to the understanding of small mammal biology, however there are some important methodological drawbacks that should be taken into consideration when using these methods, and which leave room for improvemen ...
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. - Predrag M. Maksimovich, MD, DDS.
... The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that employers provide hearing conservation programs for their employees in workplaces where noise levels equal or exceed 85 dB(A) for an eight-hour time-weighted average. An occupational hearing conservation program includes engineer ...
... The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that employers provide hearing conservation programs for their employees in workplaces where noise levels equal or exceed 85 dB(A) for an eight-hour time-weighted average. An occupational hearing conservation program includes engineer ...
Ecology of stoats Mustela erminea in a valley of the
... Scats collected in the study area were analysed to study stoat diet. Scat analysis remains the primary tool used to assess carnivore diets in general (Klare et al. 2011, Wachter et al. 2012), and stoat diet in particular (e.g. Korpimäki et al. 1991, Martinoli et al. 2001). Throughout the study perio ...
... Scats collected in the study area were analysed to study stoat diet. Scat analysis remains the primary tool used to assess carnivore diets in general (Klare et al. 2011, Wachter et al. 2012), and stoat diet in particular (e.g. Korpimäki et al. 1991, Martinoli et al. 2001). Throughout the study perio ...
Evolution of Predator and Prey Movement into Sink Habitats
... predators (i.e., sustain predators without immigration by predators) if immigration by the prey sustains sufficiently high prey densities. Conversely, source habitats for the prey may act as sink habitats for predators if these habitats sustain only low prey densities. Using two-patch models, Holt ( ...
... predators (i.e., sustain predators without immigration by predators) if immigration by the prey sustains sufficiently high prey densities. Conversely, source habitats for the prey may act as sink habitats for predators if these habitats sustain only low prey densities. Using two-patch models, Holt ( ...
- Wiley Online Library
... and the dispersion in trait abundances (i.e., functional dispersion) should increase from high- to low-intertidal elevations, due to the decreasing influence of environmental filtering. The abundance of macrobenthic algae and invertebrates was estimated at four rocky shores spanning ca. 200 km of ...
... and the dispersion in trait abundances (i.e., functional dispersion) should increase from high- to low-intertidal elevations, due to the decreasing influence of environmental filtering. The abundance of macrobenthic algae and invertebrates was estimated at four rocky shores spanning ca. 200 km of ...
Ontogenetic variation in the diurnal food and habitat
... magnification) was used to remove and open stomachs, and for sorting and counting all prey items. We used measures of frequency of occurrence, mean contribution (volume %) to total stomach contents, and prey-specific volume to describe diet. Frequency of occurrence indicates the percentage of indivi ...
... magnification) was used to remove and open stomachs, and for sorting and counting all prey items. We used measures of frequency of occurrence, mean contribution (volume %) to total stomach contents, and prey-specific volume to describe diet. Frequency of occurrence indicates the percentage of indivi ...
Behavioral biology of marine mammal deterrents: A review and
... whales (Pseudorca crassidens), killer whales (Orcinus orca), sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been reported to steal fish from fishing lines, nets, fish ladders or aquaculture pens (Yano and Dahlheim, 1995; Gillman et al., 2006; Sigler et al., 200 ...
... whales (Pseudorca crassidens), killer whales (Orcinus orca), sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) have been reported to steal fish from fishing lines, nets, fish ladders or aquaculture pens (Yano and Dahlheim, 1995; Gillman et al., 2006; Sigler et al., 200 ...
Predator effects on faunal community composition in
... to be most common in systems with relatively simple food chains, and rarer in species-rich systems where numerous weak interactions among species can buffer strong top-down effects. Seagrass ecosystems are typically species-rich and characterized by complex food webs, but evidence of top-down effect ...
... to be most common in systems with relatively simple food chains, and rarer in species-rich systems where numerous weak interactions among species can buffer strong top-down effects. Seagrass ecosystems are typically species-rich and characterized by complex food webs, but evidence of top-down effect ...
Food Web Theory and Ecological Restoration
... Publi sh ed food web diagram s date back to at least 1880 and the work of Lorenzo Camerano (Cohen 1994). Early food web diagrams based feeding relationships on a diverse range of sources, including scientist intuition. Nevertheless, these abstractions were invaluable for the development of ideas abo ...
... Publi sh ed food web diagram s date back to at least 1880 and the work of Lorenzo Camerano (Cohen 1994). Early food web diagrams based feeding relationships on a diverse range of sources, including scientist intuition. Nevertheless, these abstractions were invaluable for the development of ideas abo ...
Agents of Pattern Formation: Disturbance Regimes
... The key parts of this definition are that disturbances are discrete in time, in contrast to chronic stress or background environmental variability; and that they cause a notable change (a perturbation) in the state of the system. Are disturbances a part of the system itself? Are they "inside" or "o ...
... The key parts of this definition are that disturbances are discrete in time, in contrast to chronic stress or background environmental variability; and that they cause a notable change (a perturbation) in the state of the system. Are disturbances a part of the system itself? Are they "inside" or "o ...
Non-optimal animal movement in human
... how these movement types interact with current human-caused landscape changes, and how this often results in non-optimal movement. 3. From this synthesis I develop a hypothesis that predicts the relative importance of the different population-level consequences of these non-optimal movements, for th ...
... how these movement types interact with current human-caused landscape changes, and how this often results in non-optimal movement. 3. From this synthesis I develop a hypothesis that predicts the relative importance of the different population-level consequences of these non-optimal movements, for th ...
The effects of seafloor habitat complexity on survival of juvenile fishes: species-specific interactions with structural refuge.
... 1999; Thrush et al., 2001; Hermsen et al., 2003). These studies indicate that species composition and diversity changes as habitat complexity is reduced by disturbance from fishing gears. Since habitat recovery times can be longer than durations between fishing gear disturbance events, impacts on fi ...
... 1999; Thrush et al., 2001; Hermsen et al., 2003). These studies indicate that species composition and diversity changes as habitat complexity is reduced by disturbance from fishing gears. Since habitat recovery times can be longer than durations between fishing gear disturbance events, impacts on fi ...
Ecology - Hardin County Schools
... argued that this is especially important today. We literally hold the future of our planet in our hands. The lessons in this concept discuss ecology, and all the related aspects that comprise the ecosystem. ...
... argued that this is especially important today. We literally hold the future of our planet in our hands. The lessons in this concept discuss ecology, and all the related aspects that comprise the ecosystem. ...
Soundscape ecology
Soundscape ecology is the study of sound within a landscape and its effect on organisms. Sounds may be generated by organisms (biophony), by the physical environment (geophony), or by humans (anthrophony). Soundscape ecologists seek to understand how these different sound sources interact across spatial scales and through time. Variation in soundscapes may have wide-ranging ecological effects as organisms often obtain information from environmental sounds. Soundscape ecologists use recording devices, audio tools, and elements of traditional ecological analyses to study soundscape structure. Increasingly, anthrophony, sometimes referred to in older, more archaic terminology as anthropogenic noise dominates soundscapes, and this type of noise pollution or disturbance has a negative impact on a wide range of organisms. The preservation of natural soundscapes is now a recognized conservation goal.