Otoacoustic emission testing in the early identification of
... noise is more damaging than intermittent noise, with sound levels exceeding 75-85 dB(A) beginning to stress the auditory system (Rosen et al., 2001:2; Kvaerner, Engdahl, Arnesen & Mair, 1995:137). It has been estimated that between 68 to 80 percent of mineworkers are exposed to 85 dB(A) or more of c ...
... noise is more damaging than intermittent noise, with sound levels exceeding 75-85 dB(A) beginning to stress the auditory system (Rosen et al., 2001:2; Kvaerner, Engdahl, Arnesen & Mair, 1995:137). It has been estimated that between 68 to 80 percent of mineworkers are exposed to 85 dB(A) or more of c ...
Evaluation of Ecological Impacts from Highway
... potential to alter the natural environment in a myriad different ways, and includes the potential for large cumulative and secondary impacts. The NEPA process offers federal and state highway authorities a unique tool for considering the full range of environmental impacts from highway development. ...
... potential to alter the natural environment in a myriad different ways, and includes the potential for large cumulative and secondary impacts. The NEPA process offers federal and state highway authorities a unique tool for considering the full range of environmental impacts from highway development. ...
Epidemiological evidence for the effectiveness of the noise at work regulations
... Estimation of noise exposure of participants, including the presumed benefits of hearing protection, indicated that few participants had accrued material occupational noise exposure before the study, or accrued material further exposure during the study. Material noise exposure here is defined as th ...
... Estimation of noise exposure of participants, including the presumed benefits of hearing protection, indicated that few participants had accrued material occupational noise exposure before the study, or accrued material further exposure during the study. Material noise exposure here is defined as th ...
Using stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon to study - ICM-CSIC
... overlap in trophic level (δ15N) and δ13C values (Forero et al., submit.). Authors concluded that coexistence of species in the community could be interpreted as a consequence of superabundance of food or species diversification in morphology and foraging strategies. Results of this work also suggest ...
... overlap in trophic level (δ15N) and δ13C values (Forero et al., submit.). Authors concluded that coexistence of species in the community could be interpreted as a consequence of superabundance of food or species diversification in morphology and foraging strategies. Results of this work also suggest ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... interactions, predator–prey interactions have received most attention. The resulting food webs, however, will always operate simultaneously with networks based on other types of ecological interaction, such as through the activities of ecosystem engineers or mutualistic interactions. Little is known ...
... interactions, predator–prey interactions have received most attention. The resulting food webs, however, will always operate simultaneously with networks based on other types of ecological interaction, such as through the activities of ecosystem engineers or mutualistic interactions. Little is known ...
species interactions in intertidal food webs: prey or predation
... Whelk densities before manipulations were compared using two-way ANOVA with Mytilus and Pisaster densities as orthogonal treatments. Log-transformed data exhibited visually normal distribution and variance homogeneity according to Cochran’s C test (Underwood 1997). Log transformation seemed appropri ...
... Whelk densities before manipulations were compared using two-way ANOVA with Mytilus and Pisaster densities as orthogonal treatments. Log-transformed data exhibited visually normal distribution and variance homogeneity according to Cochran’s C test (Underwood 1997). Log transformation seemed appropri ...
Parallel ecological networks in ecosystems
... interactions, predator–prey interactions have received most attention. The resulting food webs, however, will always operate simultaneously with networks based on other types of ecological interaction, such as through the activities of ecosystem engineers or mutualistic interactions. Little is known ...
... interactions, predator–prey interactions have received most attention. The resulting food webs, however, will always operate simultaneously with networks based on other types of ecological interaction, such as through the activities of ecosystem engineers or mutualistic interactions. Little is known ...
Ecosystem engineering and biodiversity in coastal sediments
... between dashed lines, Fig. 3) needs further study. The eVect of habitat complexity also Wts within the concept summarised in Fig. 3, as increased habitat complexity may reduce predation stress. Autogenic ecosystem engineers often increase habitat complexity and thereby enhance biotic densities and/o ...
... between dashed lines, Fig. 3) needs further study. The eVect of habitat complexity also Wts within the concept summarised in Fig. 3, as increased habitat complexity may reduce predation stress. Autogenic ecosystem engineers often increase habitat complexity and thereby enhance biotic densities and/o ...
Predation in bird populations
... presence of the predator, but that decrease long term fitness, such as body condition or reproductive potential (see Preisser et al. 2005). A good example of this is the starvationpredation risk trade-off (Abrams 1984; McNamara and Houston 1987). Animals often avoid areas that would give them the hi ...
... presence of the predator, but that decrease long term fitness, such as body condition or reproductive potential (see Preisser et al. 2005). A good example of this is the starvationpredation risk trade-off (Abrams 1984; McNamara and Houston 1987). Animals often avoid areas that would give them the hi ...
The emerging role of pharmacology in understanding consumer
... in which secondary metabolites alter the foraging behavior or fitness of aquatic consumers, or both. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that mediate the fate and consequences of these metabolites in aquatic consumers remains in its infancy. Interactions between metabolites and consumers at ...
... in which secondary metabolites alter the foraging behavior or fitness of aquatic consumers, or both. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that mediate the fate and consequences of these metabolites in aquatic consumers remains in its infancy. Interactions between metabolites and consumers at ...
Sound Classification in Hearing Instruments
... The Department of Speech, Music and Hearing has been an encouraging environment as a working place. The mix of different disciplines under the same roof generates a unique working environment. Thanks to my friends for providing oases of relaxation. I also want to thank my parents and brothers for no ...
... The Department of Speech, Music and Hearing has been an encouraging environment as a working place. The mix of different disciplines under the same roof generates a unique working environment. Thanks to my friends for providing oases of relaxation. I also want to thank my parents and brothers for no ...
Predicting Changes in Community Composition and Ecosystem
... 1. The concept of plant functional type proposes that species can be grouped according to common responses to the environment and/or common effects on ecosystem processes. However, the knowledge of relationships between traits associated with the response of plants to environmental factors such as r ...
... 1. The concept of plant functional type proposes that species can be grouped according to common responses to the environment and/or common effects on ecosystem processes. However, the knowledge of relationships between traits associated with the response of plants to environmental factors such as r ...
The Construction of a Resource-saving Society in Hubei Based on
... The above calculation shows that 2000---2007 per capita ecological footprint in Hubei Province raised. It rose to 1.877 hm2 from 2.191 hm2. Its growth rate was 17%.In 2007 Hubei ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity ratio was 7.06 and ecological deficit was up to 1.779 hm2.. On the u ...
... The above calculation shows that 2000---2007 per capita ecological footprint in Hubei Province raised. It rose to 1.877 hm2 from 2.191 hm2. Its growth rate was 17%.In 2007 Hubei ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity ratio was 7.06 and ecological deficit was up to 1.779 hm2.. On the u ...
Habitat-dependent foraging in a classic predatorа/prey system: a
... One of the lessons included in Eq. 3 is that a field ecologist is likely to observe a tight fit to a prey isodar only when predator numbers are linked closely to those of the prey. To make the lesson more transparent, imagine that the attack rate in habitat 2 exceeds that in habitat 1. Note that the ...
... One of the lessons included in Eq. 3 is that a field ecologist is likely to observe a tight fit to a prey isodar only when predator numbers are linked closely to those of the prey. To make the lesson more transparent, imagine that the attack rate in habitat 2 exceeds that in habitat 1. Note that the ...
Trait-Mediated Effects in Rocky Intertidal Food Chains
... emphasized the importance of indirect interactions. Most efforts in this area have focused on the density-mediated, or lethal effects, of predators on prey density. Recently, there has been growing interest in trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs): the presence of a predator in the environmen ...
... emphasized the importance of indirect interactions. Most efforts in this area have focused on the density-mediated, or lethal effects, of predators on prey density. Recently, there has been growing interest in trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs): the presence of a predator in the environmen ...
Protecting aquatic organisms from chemicals
... Despite these encouraging developments, recent changes in society have the potential to neutralize these improvements, and even potentially reverse them. These changes include a sustained increase in the size of the human population (there are currently 2.5 times the number of people in the world th ...
... Despite these encouraging developments, recent changes in society have the potential to neutralize these improvements, and even potentially reverse them. These changes include a sustained increase in the size of the human population (there are currently 2.5 times the number of people in the world th ...
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
... ability to accurately identify the relationship between landscape structure and population or community outcomes. Numerous studies show that the spatial extent over which habitat is measured influences the strength of the relationship between habitat and the response of interest (e.g., abundance), a ...
... ability to accurately identify the relationship between landscape structure and population or community outcomes. Numerous studies show that the spatial extent over which habitat is measured influences the strength of the relationship between habitat and the response of interest (e.g., abundance), a ...
13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships
... 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many other factors. • Biodiversity is the assortment, or variety, of living things in an ecosystem. • Rain forests have more biodiversity than other locations in the world, but are threatened by human activities. ...
... 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many other factors. • Biodiversity is the assortment, or variety, of living things in an ecosystem. • Rain forests have more biodiversity than other locations in the world, but are threatened by human activities. ...
How life-history traits affect ecosystem properties: effects of dispersal
... link between ‘local adaptation’/’insurance’ and ‘characteristics of limiting factors’ in Fig. 1). By contrast, any dispersal flux of living organism eventually fuels the detritus pool in the recipient patch and, hence, fertilizes it (left-hand side arrows linking all compartments, except basal resou ...
... link between ‘local adaptation’/’insurance’ and ‘characteristics of limiting factors’ in Fig. 1). By contrast, any dispersal flux of living organism eventually fuels the detritus pool in the recipient patch and, hence, fertilizes it (left-hand side arrows linking all compartments, except basal resou ...
Article - Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
... lesser extent toward mammalian predators because of my personal interest and experience. Insectivorous birds, amphibians, and reptiles receive less attention. Several sources cited below, however, allow entry into the literature on those groups. ...
... lesser extent toward mammalian predators because of my personal interest and experience. Insectivorous birds, amphibians, and reptiles receive less attention. Several sources cited below, however, allow entry into the literature on those groups. ...
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity
... in habitat amount) result in smaller patches (Figure 5). Using patch size as a measureof habitatfragmentationper se implicitly assumesthatpatch size is independentof habitatamountat the landscapescale (e.g., Niemelai2001). However, regions where patches are large often correspondto regions where the ...
... in habitat amount) result in smaller patches (Figure 5). Using patch size as a measureof habitatfragmentationper se implicitly assumesthatpatch size is independentof habitatamountat the landscapescale (e.g., Niemelai2001). However, regions where patches are large often correspondto regions where the ...
change - National Hearing Conservation Association
... At baseline: • Audiometry: the left ear is slightly worse than right at high frequencies • OAEs: left ear has lower amplitudes in mid frequencies ...
... At baseline: • Audiometry: the left ear is slightly worse than right at high frequencies • OAEs: left ear has lower amplitudes in mid frequencies ...
comparative evaluation of experimental
... typically cannot regulate more than a few independent variables. This lack of control of independent variables, coupled with the difficulty of obtaining independent replication, makes it very hard for field experiments to obtain unbiased, reproducible results, or to identify mechanisms driving the r ...
... typically cannot regulate more than a few independent variables. This lack of control of independent variables, coupled with the difficulty of obtaining independent replication, makes it very hard for field experiments to obtain unbiased, reproducible results, or to identify mechanisms driving the r ...
The role of macrophytes in habitat structuring in aquatic
... related to the habitat structural complexity provided by these plants, exploring: i) how complexity has been viewed by ecologists, with an emphasis on macrophyte studies; ii) the pros and cons of several methods used to quantify plant complexity; iii) the consequences of habitat structuring by macro ...
... related to the habitat structural complexity provided by these plants, exploring: i) how complexity has been viewed by ecologists, with an emphasis on macrophyte studies; ii) the pros and cons of several methods used to quantify plant complexity; iii) the consequences of habitat structuring by macro ...
here - Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science
... marked by a period of silence (closure) followed by a burst and aspiration. As the pulse rate increases, the burst becomes more distinctive, and perhaps more salient perceptually. There seems to be no evidence of the burst at low rates, 200 or 400 pulses/s. This example clearly demonstrates that low ...
... marked by a period of silence (closure) followed by a burst and aspiration. As the pulse rate increases, the burst becomes more distinctive, and perhaps more salient perceptually. There seems to be no evidence of the burst at low rates, 200 or 400 pulses/s. This example clearly demonstrates that low ...
Soundscape ecology
Soundscape ecology is the study of sound within a landscape and its effect on organisms. Sounds may be generated by organisms (biophony), by the physical environment (geophony), or by humans (anthrophony). Soundscape ecologists seek to understand how these different sound sources interact across spatial scales and through time. Variation in soundscapes may have wide-ranging ecological effects as organisms often obtain information from environmental sounds. Soundscape ecologists use recording devices, audio tools, and elements of traditional ecological analyses to study soundscape structure. Increasingly, anthrophony, sometimes referred to in older, more archaic terminology as anthropogenic noise dominates soundscapes, and this type of noise pollution or disturbance has a negative impact on a wide range of organisms. The preservation of natural soundscapes is now a recognized conservation goal.