Brightfield contrast methods
... Darkfield: By using a condenser N.A. greater than the objective N.A., 0th order undiffracted light is rejected at the objective back focal plane, and does not contribute to image formation. Only interference of higher-order diffracted light contributes to image formation. The result is that details ...
... Darkfield: By using a condenser N.A. greater than the objective N.A., 0th order undiffracted light is rejected at the objective back focal plane, and does not contribute to image formation. Only interference of higher-order diffracted light contributes to image formation. The result is that details ...
Reflection-mode scanning near-field optical microscopy: Influence
... generally grains in the metal coating at the tip apex which act as shear-force sensors, as these protrusions come into the point of shear-force contact when the optical aperture is still some distance away from the surface and ~2! the angular dependence of the light emitted from the tip. It has alre ...
... generally grains in the metal coating at the tip apex which act as shear-force sensors, as these protrusions come into the point of shear-force contact when the optical aperture is still some distance away from the surface and ~2! the angular dependence of the light emitted from the tip. It has alre ...
Wave nature of matter: de Broglie wavelength
... hypothesis was con rmed by Davisson and Germer in 1927 when they observed a beam of electrons being diracted o a nickel surface. The diraction means that the moving electrons have a wave nature. They were also able to determine the wavelength of the electrons from the diraction. To measure a wav ...
... hypothesis was con rmed by Davisson and Germer in 1927 when they observed a beam of electrons being diracted o a nickel surface. The diraction means that the moving electrons have a wave nature. They were also able to determine the wavelength of the electrons from the diraction. To measure a wav ...
lab4prep
... round window is a thin, partially transparent membrane through which the cochlear partition can be seen. The membrane has been removed to better expose the transparent cochlear partition. The basilar membrane delimits the scala tympani portion of the scala media, the third fluid filled chamber. This ...
... round window is a thin, partially transparent membrane through which the cochlear partition can be seen. The membrane has been removed to better expose the transparent cochlear partition. The basilar membrane delimits the scala tympani portion of the scala media, the third fluid filled chamber. This ...
... 1. Distinguish ordinary light and LASER light. 2. What is meant by LASER? Give its characteristics. 3. What is the principle of LASER? 4. What are the conditions to achieve the LASER action? 5. Define the terms “normal population” and “population inversion”. 6. Define the terms “Spontaneous emission ...
PHY2505 Lecture 5 - Atmospheric Physics
... been developed. The figure shows a decrease of 0.1% in the solar constant apparently due to presence of a cluster of sunspots ...
... been developed. The figure shows a decrease of 0.1% in the solar constant apparently due to presence of a cluster of sunspots ...
DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION
... stopping potential is independent of its intensity. (iii) Effect of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential. To study the effect of frequency on photoelectric effect, the intensity of incident radiation at each frequency is adjusted in such a way that the saturation current is same eac ...
... stopping potential is independent of its intensity. (iii) Effect of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential. To study the effect of frequency on photoelectric effect, the intensity of incident radiation at each frequency is adjusted in such a way that the saturation current is same eac ...
Improving fluorescence detection in lab on chip devices
... the sample is illuminated with light of twice the wavelength that best excites the fluorophore, so that excitation only occurs when the fluorophore absorbs two photons simultaneously.26 Since the crosssection for two-photon absorption depends on the square of the illumination intensity, this technique ...
... the sample is illuminated with light of twice the wavelength that best excites the fluorophore, so that excitation only occurs when the fluorophore absorbs two photons simultaneously.26 Since the crosssection for two-photon absorption depends on the square of the illumination intensity, this technique ...
Optical quality of the eye lens surfaces from
... The scattering halo of the third Purkinje image is obtained by microdensitometric measurement of the photographic recordings. The measurements (see Fig. 4) show that the third Purkinje image has a Lorentzian intensity distribution modulated by a random distribution (speckle) and that the specular co ...
... The scattering halo of the third Purkinje image is obtained by microdensitometric measurement of the photographic recordings. The measurements (see Fig. 4) show that the third Purkinje image has a Lorentzian intensity distribution modulated by a random distribution (speckle) and that the specular co ...
Research on the Design of an Optical Information Storage Sensing
... storage. A diffractive optical element (DOE) is applied in the system to separate the recording-reading beam from the servo beam. This allows us to apply a single laser and one objective lens in a single optical path for the servo beam and the recording-reading beam. The optical system has a linear ...
... storage. A diffractive optical element (DOE) is applied in the system to separate the recording-reading beam from the servo beam. This allows us to apply a single laser and one objective lens in a single optical path for the servo beam and the recording-reading beam. The optical system has a linear ...
Tomographic Interference Microscopy of Living Cells
... diaphragm plane of a microscope is used. This technique is suitable only for small samples. The size of sample must be smaller than the diameter of the beam waist near the focal plane of the objective. For large objects it is necessary to use the technique represented in Fig 1e. The original procedu ...
... diaphragm plane of a microscope is used. This technique is suitable only for small samples. The size of sample must be smaller than the diameter of the beam waist near the focal plane of the objective. For large objects it is necessary to use the technique represented in Fig 1e. The original procedu ...
Generalized Polarization Ray Tracing using a Monte
... While lights are often described by their origin and orientation in computer graphics, lights in the real world have particular states of vibration because lights are electromagnetic waves. Such state of vibration is called polarization state. Although human eyes cannot detect polarization state, so ...
... While lights are often described by their origin and orientation in computer graphics, lights in the real world have particular states of vibration because lights are electromagnetic waves. Such state of vibration is called polarization state. Although human eyes cannot detect polarization state, so ...
Slides - University of Toronto Physics
... of reflection in 3-D, noting that the angles of incidence and reflection are in the same plane normal to the interface. Alhazen proved experimentally that vision is due to light proceeding to our eyes, from each point on an object. He also investigated refraction, pinhole cameras, and lenses. ...
... of reflection in 3-D, noting that the angles of incidence and reflection are in the same plane normal to the interface. Alhazen proved experimentally that vision is due to light proceeding to our eyes, from each point on an object. He also investigated refraction, pinhole cameras, and lenses. ...
Chapter 5: Geometrical Optics
... Image: If a cone of rays emitted from a point source S arrives at a certain point P, then P is called the image of S. Diffraction-limited image: The size of the image for a point source is not zero. The limited size of an optical system causes the blur of the image point due to diffraction: ...
... Image: If a cone of rays emitted from a point source S arrives at a certain point P, then P is called the image of S. Diffraction-limited image: The size of the image for a point source is not zero. The limited size of an optical system causes the blur of the image point due to diffraction: ...
Theory of resonance shifts in TE and TM whispering
... and TM polarization by adsorption of another dielectric medium. The adsorbed medium can have an arbitrary shape and refractive-index profile. The formula is applied to adsorption of a thin layer and deposition of a small spherical particle, many such particles, and thin cylindrical particles on the ...
... and TM polarization by adsorption of another dielectric medium. The adsorbed medium can have an arbitrary shape and refractive-index profile. The formula is applied to adsorption of a thin layer and deposition of a small spherical particle, many such particles, and thin cylindrical particles on the ...
Polarization rotation of slow light with orbital angular momentum in
... Light can be slowed down by seven orders of magnitude using the electromagnetically induced transparency 共EIT兲 关1–3兴. The EIT makes a resonant, opaque medium transparent by means of quantum interference between the optical transitions induced by the control and probe laser fields. As a result, a wea ...
... Light can be slowed down by seven orders of magnitude using the electromagnetically induced transparency 共EIT兲 关1–3兴. The EIT makes a resonant, opaque medium transparent by means of quantum interference between the optical transitions induced by the control and probe laser fields. As a result, a wea ...
Prediction of photothermal phase signatures from arbitrary
... phase microscopy, and is composed of two different light sources: a coherent Helium-Neon (HeNe) laser (100 mW, 632.8 nm) for interferometric imaging, and a diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser, at wavelength of 808 nm, for optical excitation of nanorods. The excitation laser is connected to a wavef ...
... phase microscopy, and is composed of two different light sources: a coherent Helium-Neon (HeNe) laser (100 mW, 632.8 nm) for interferometric imaging, and a diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) laser, at wavelength of 808 nm, for optical excitation of nanorods. The excitation laser is connected to a wavef ...
Label-free super-resolution imaging of adenoviruses by submerged
... Demonstration of super-resolution imaging by SMON To demonstrate the super-resolution capability of large-microsphere (100 mm) SMON and to calibrate the imaging system, a Blu-Ray DVD disk with approximately 100-nm line spacing was imaged using an optical microscope (503, NA50.75) with a 100-mm diame ...
... Demonstration of super-resolution imaging by SMON To demonstrate the super-resolution capability of large-microsphere (100 mm) SMON and to calibrate the imaging system, a Blu-Ray DVD disk with approximately 100-nm line spacing was imaged using an optical microscope (503, NA50.75) with a 100-mm diame ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.