MvR and Th.M. Nieuwenhuizen, Multiple scattering of classical
... C * D and D * C terms are interference contributions. Naively, one expects the second and third terms to be small. Thus in Boltzmann theory only probabilities are taken into account, that is to say the first term. However, if there is time-reversal invariance, the second term 兺 p (C p* D p ⫹D p* C p ...
... C * D and D * C terms are interference contributions. Naively, one expects the second and third terms to be small. Thus in Boltzmann theory only probabilities are taken into account, that is to say the first term. However, if there is time-reversal invariance, the second term 兺 p (C p* D p ⫹D p* C p ...
Optical Nonlinearities in the Transparency Region of Bulk Semiconductors . W
... have been in semiconductors (Miller and Duncan, 1987; Hill et al., 1982) and involve near-gap excitation. However, these resonant nonlinearities, by their nature, involve significant linear absorption (see Chap. 1 in this volume and Chap. 5 in Vol. 59), which is undesirable in many applications. In ...
... have been in semiconductors (Miller and Duncan, 1987; Hill et al., 1982) and involve near-gap excitation. However, these resonant nonlinearities, by their nature, involve significant linear absorption (see Chap. 1 in this volume and Chap. 5 in Vol. 59), which is undesirable in many applications. In ...
STED Microscopy
... the depletion process is most efficient. As a result, Psat (measured as average power) is lower than in STED systems using continuous wave (CW) lasers. The duration between pulses is typically ∼12.5 ns because of the availability of lasers with ∼80 MHz repetition rates. This, however, means that fluor ...
... the depletion process is most efficient. As a result, Psat (measured as average power) is lower than in STED systems using continuous wave (CW) lasers. The duration between pulses is typically ∼12.5 ns because of the availability of lasers with ∼80 MHz repetition rates. This, however, means that fluor ...
Optical Fiber Sensors for Biomedical Applications
... Hence, for a given acceptance angle, light enters (or leaves) the fiber within an acceptance cone of 2θ a . From Eq. (17.4), it follows that the NA can be expressed in terms of the refractive indices of the fiber material (core n1 , and cladding n2 ), but is also dependent on the refractive index of ...
... Hence, for a given acceptance angle, light enters (or leaves) the fiber within an acceptance cone of 2θ a . From Eq. (17.4), it follows that the NA can be expressed in terms of the refractive indices of the fiber material (core n1 , and cladding n2 ), but is also dependent on the refractive index of ...
Point spread function engineering in confocal scanning microscopy
... lenses, around three times poorer than its lateral counterpart [2]. This difference between axial and lateral resolution leads to an anisotropic 3D-imaging quality. Several attempts have been made to reduce the axial extent of the point spread function (PSF) of CSM’s, and therefore to reduce the ani ...
... lenses, around three times poorer than its lateral counterpart [2]. This difference between axial and lateral resolution leads to an anisotropic 3D-imaging quality. Several attempts have been made to reduce the axial extent of the point spread function (PSF) of CSM’s, and therefore to reduce the ani ...
11: Waves and Imaging
... = kx x + kz z = C for a point of constant phase Therefore, the equation of a 2-D wave traveling in the direction of k with linear wavefronts is: f [x, y, t] = A cos [kx x + kz z − ωt] = A cos [k • r − ωt] In three dimensions, the set of points with the same phase lie on a planar surface so that the ...
... = kx x + kz z = C for a point of constant phase Therefore, the equation of a 2-D wave traveling in the direction of k with linear wavefronts is: f [x, y, t] = A cos [kx x + kz z − ωt] = A cos [k • r − ωt] In three dimensions, the set of points with the same phase lie on a planar surface so that the ...
Simulation of Fiber Fuse Phenomenon in Single
... Hand and Russell found that this phenomenon was initiated by the generation of large numbers of Ge-related defects at high temperatures of above about 1,273 K, and the α values at λ0 = 0.5 µm obtained at temperatures of below 1873 K were modeled quite accurately using an Arrhenius equation [5], [6]. ...
... Hand and Russell found that this phenomenon was initiated by the generation of large numbers of Ge-related defects at high temperatures of above about 1,273 K, and the α values at λ0 = 0.5 µm obtained at temperatures of below 1873 K were modeled quite accurately using an Arrhenius equation [5], [6]. ...
OKO guide to adaptive optics
... not exceed 1 radian, or λ/(2π), while λ/(4π) already provides almost diffraction limited quality. Assuming the wavelength of visible light is 633 nm (red light), we can conclude that 200 nm rms deviation from the best fit sphere deviation will deliver unacceptable optical quality with SP ∼ 0.02, the ...
... not exceed 1 radian, or λ/(2π), while λ/(4π) already provides almost diffraction limited quality. Assuming the wavelength of visible light is 633 nm (red light), we can conclude that 200 nm rms deviation from the best fit sphere deviation will deliver unacceptable optical quality with SP ∼ 0.02, the ...
Abstract - ASU Physics
... young age. His parents claim that he was a handful and always getting into trouble. The problem, however, was that he rarely got punished because he could always end up making his mother laugh. This gift of his was and still is the core of his personality. As a child, the author moved several times ...
... young age. His parents claim that he was a handful and always getting into trouble. The problem, however, was that he rarely got punished because he could always end up making his mother laugh. This gift of his was and still is the core of his personality. As a child, the author moved several times ...
STUDY OF NONLINEAR EVOLUTION EQUATIONS WITH
... guidance throughout the course of my research work. I am indebted to Prof. P. K. Panigrahi and Dr. T. Soloman Raju for useful suggestions and cooperation throughout this work. I express my thanks to the Chairman, Department of Physics, Panjab University for providing me the required facilities in th ...
... guidance throughout the course of my research work. I am indebted to Prof. P. K. Panigrahi and Dr. T. Soloman Raju for useful suggestions and cooperation throughout this work. I express my thanks to the Chairman, Department of Physics, Panjab University for providing me the required facilities in th ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... scattering because the size of the isolated molecules in solution is too small for such an interaction. The light reflected in the direction of the eye initiates in the retina signals which are perceived usually as non-self-luminous colors. The color separation of pearlescent, interference, and diff ...
... scattering because the size of the isolated molecules in solution is too small for such an interaction. The light reflected in the direction of the eye initiates in the retina signals which are perceived usually as non-self-luminous colors. The color separation of pearlescent, interference, and diff ...
optical guided waves and devices - Workspace
... Another common component format, which offers a solution to some of these problems, is provided by integrated optics. As the name implies, this allows a number of guided wave devices to be combined on a common substrate. In contrast to optical fibre devices, integrated optic components are made usin ...
... Another common component format, which offers a solution to some of these problems, is provided by integrated optics. As the name implies, this allows a number of guided wave devices to be combined on a common substrate. In contrast to optical fibre devices, integrated optic components are made usin ...
Theoretical modeling and evaluation of the axial resolution of the
... Confocal imaging systems are attractive because of their enhanced three-dimensional imaging capability.1 The optical system images light scattered from the regions in the neighborhood of the focal plane and this is focused onto a pinhole. The confocal pinhole selectively allows light from a specific ...
... Confocal imaging systems are attractive because of their enhanced three-dimensional imaging capability.1 The optical system images light scattered from the regions in the neighborhood of the focal plane and this is focused onto a pinhole. The confocal pinhole selectively allows light from a specific ...
universitas indonesia characterization and design of gallium nitride
... Figure 4.33 Figure 4.34 Figure 4.35 Figure 4.36 Figure 4.37 Figure 4.38 Figure 4.39 Figure 4.40 Figure 4.41 Figure 4.42 Figure 4.43 Figure 4.44 Figure 4.45 Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2 Figure 5.3 Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6 ...
... Figure 4.33 Figure 4.34 Figure 4.35 Figure 4.36 Figure 4.37 Figure 4.38 Figure 4.39 Figure 4.40 Figure 4.41 Figure 4.42 Figure 4.43 Figure 4.44 Figure 4.45 Figure 5.1 Figure 5.2 Figure 5.3 Figure 5.4 Figure 5.5 Figure 5.6 ...
Digital Radiographic Image Acquisition and Processing
... The action of moving the laser beam across the imaging plate is much like holding a flashlight at the same height and moving it back and forth across a wall. The more angled the beam is, the more elliptical the shape of the beam. The same thing happens with the reader laser beam as it ...
... The action of moving the laser beam across the imaging plate is much like holding a flashlight at the same height and moving it back and forth across a wall. The more angled the beam is, the more elliptical the shape of the beam. The same thing happens with the reader laser beam as it ...
Medical applications of Terahertz Imaging: a Review of Current
... An unavoidable issue when imaging with THz radiation is absorption by water. The entire THz band is strongly absorbed by water (or any polar liquid) [9] and consequently does not penetrate moist tissue to any significant depth. It has been reported that a THz pulse can be detected through 1.5 mm of ...
... An unavoidable issue when imaging with THz radiation is absorption by water. The entire THz band is strongly absorbed by water (or any polar liquid) [9] and consequently does not penetrate moist tissue to any significant depth. It has been reported that a THz pulse can be detected through 1.5 mm of ...
Spillover in Heterogeneous Catalysis - ACS Publications
... oxide support. Because most of the initial studies of spillover involved Hz, spillover was envisioned to involve spillover of atoms formed by dissociation of adsorbing molecules. However, adsorbing species can only partially dissociate or even retain their molecular identity during spillover. Moveme ...
... oxide support. Because most of the initial studies of spillover involved Hz, spillover was envisioned to involve spillover of atoms formed by dissociation of adsorbing molecules. However, adsorbing species can only partially dissociate or even retain their molecular identity during spillover. Moveme ...
THESIS Theoretical Study of Light Scattering by an Elliptical Cylinder
... wavelength) is easy to go through the thick atmosphere than the blue one while the later is more scattered in the sky. The second reason is that the knowledge acquired in understanding those phenomena serves us in the development of new measurement technologies. When the light interacts with particl ...
... wavelength) is easy to go through the thick atmosphere than the blue one while the later is more scattered in the sky. The second reason is that the knowledge acquired in understanding those phenomena serves us in the development of new measurement technologies. When the light interacts with particl ...
Thermal and electrical properties of - Ruhr
... strongly absorbing substance causes audible sound emitted from the substance [Bell, 1880]. It was almost a century later when Rosencwaig and Gersho explained Bell’s photoacoustic experiment in the frame of the thermal waves [Rosencwaig and Gersho, 1976]. Since then, ...
... strongly absorbing substance causes audible sound emitted from the substance [Bell, 1880]. It was almost a century later when Rosencwaig and Gersho explained Bell’s photoacoustic experiment in the frame of the thermal waves [Rosencwaig and Gersho, 1976]. Since then, ...
ELECTRO-OPTIC DIFFRACTION GRATING EMPLOYING
... Electro-optic diffraction modulation was demonstrated by patterning one of the two ITO films into an interdigitated design, done via standard photolithography techniques for initial experimental verification, and via focused ion beam milling for sub-micron scale electrodes. An electrical potential d ...
... Electro-optic diffraction modulation was demonstrated by patterning one of the two ITO films into an interdigitated design, done via standard photolithography techniques for initial experimental verification, and via focused ion beam milling for sub-micron scale electrodes. An electrical potential d ...
Coupling effect between two adjacent chiral structure layers
... Metamaterials are artificially structured materials that may possess electromagnetic properties not existing in natural materials. Metamaterials can be composed of dielectric elements or structured metallic components. A lot of novel applications can be realized by using metamaterials, e.g., cloakin ...
... Metamaterials are artificially structured materials that may possess electromagnetic properties not existing in natural materials. Metamaterials can be composed of dielectric elements or structured metallic components. A lot of novel applications can be realized by using metamaterials, e.g., cloakin ...
Introduction to Diffraction Grating
... layer of aluminum by vacuum deposition. Parallel, equally spaced grooves are ruled in a groove profile. The ruling engine must be able to retrace the exact path of the diamond forming tool on each stroke and to index (advance) the substrate a predetermined amount after each cut. Numerous test gratin ...
... layer of aluminum by vacuum deposition. Parallel, equally spaced grooves are ruled in a groove profile. The ruling engine must be able to retrace the exact path of the diamond forming tool on each stroke and to index (advance) the substrate a predetermined amount after each cut. Numerous test gratin ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.