Optics of Gaussian Beams
... Beam by a Lens A lens can be used to focus a laser beam to a small spot, or systems of lenses may be used to expand the beam and recollimate it. An ideal thin lens in such an application will not change the transverse mode intensity pattern measured at the lens but it will alter the radius of curvat ...
... Beam by a Lens A lens can be used to focus a laser beam to a small spot, or systems of lenses may be used to expand the beam and recollimate it. An ideal thin lens in such an application will not change the transverse mode intensity pattern measured at the lens but it will alter the radius of curvat ...
High-temperature ultrafast polariton parametric amplification in
... The probe beam is greatly ampli®ed (Fig. 2)Ðby a factor of up to 5,000 in one of our GaAlAs-based samples, a gain nearly two orders of magnitude higher than in previous reports2. The strong line appearing in the gain spectra is narrower than the lower polariton, and lies between the energy of the un ...
... The probe beam is greatly ampli®ed (Fig. 2)Ðby a factor of up to 5,000 in one of our GaAlAs-based samples, a gain nearly two orders of magnitude higher than in previous reports2. The strong line appearing in the gain spectra is narrower than the lower polariton, and lies between the energy of the un ...
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... and is no longer linked to the typical distance between adjacent cells. Many efforts have been made to diminish the size of those resonant inclusions in order to build media that are now described with effective parameters. Indeed, because the spacing between resonators is small compared to the wave ...
... and is no longer linked to the typical distance between adjacent cells. Many efforts have been made to diminish the size of those resonant inclusions in order to build media that are now described with effective parameters. Indeed, because the spacing between resonators is small compared to the wave ...
Coupled-mode theory for electromagnetic pulse propagation in
... (or nonadiabatic/diabatic) perturbations were studied based on the field discontinuities, identified first in [48], and then used in several followup studies; see, e.g., [49–55]. Some additional simple [11] or even more complex cases have exact solutions; see, e.g., [56,57]. Studies of wave propagat ...
... (or nonadiabatic/diabatic) perturbations were studied based on the field discontinuities, identified first in [48], and then used in several followup studies; see, e.g., [49–55]. Some additional simple [11] or even more complex cases have exact solutions; see, e.g., [56,57]. Studies of wave propagat ...
Microscopes - Photonics Research Group
... distance f 9 1 z 9 behind Lob, where f 9 is the back focal length of Lob and z 9 is the optical tube length of the microscope. In general, O9 is an aerial image for which an ocular Loc (or the eyepiece) acts as a magnifier in front of the eye. Since Loc , coupled with the corneal surface and lens of ...
... distance f 9 1 z 9 behind Lob, where f 9 is the back focal length of Lob and z 9 is the optical tube length of the microscope. In general, O9 is an aerial image for which an ocular Loc (or the eyepiece) acts as a magnifier in front of the eye. Since Loc , coupled with the corneal surface and lens of ...
all-optical wavelength conversion based on four-wave
... cm. The required pump angle is related to the losses and the phase mismatches of the TE and TM modes. Since the phase mismatch varies with the signal wavelength, the required pump polarization angle also changes for different signal waves. Fortunately, the fluctuation of the pump angle for each sign ...
... cm. The required pump angle is related to the losses and the phase mismatches of the TE and TM modes. Since the phase mismatch varies with the signal wavelength, the required pump polarization angle also changes for different signal waves. Fortunately, the fluctuation of the pump angle for each sign ...
Monte Carlo Simulation of Light Scattering on a Sound Wave
... At depths from approximately 3 − 5mm up to 8 − 9 cm multiple scattering dominates in light propagation in turbid media. Under these conditions, optical phase relationships become randomized and coherent properties are not detectable. In this "Diffusion regime", light transport can be modeled as a di ...
... At depths from approximately 3 − 5mm up to 8 − 9 cm multiple scattering dominates in light propagation in turbid media. Under these conditions, optical phase relationships become randomized and coherent properties are not detectable. In this "Diffusion regime", light transport can be modeled as a di ...
Multilayer 3-D photonics in silicon
... Fabrication of 3-layer structures using the SIMOX process poses several processing challenges. Epitaxial growth and a second implantation step are required to realize devices on more than two layers of silicon. Tolerance on the epitaxial silicon thickness grown on the substrate, for the thickness th ...
... Fabrication of 3-layer structures using the SIMOX process poses several processing challenges. Epitaxial growth and a second implantation step are required to realize devices on more than two layers of silicon. Tolerance on the epitaxial silicon thickness grown on the substrate, for the thickness th ...
Two-color cross-correlation in small-angle static light
... In the present work we study two-color spatial crosscorrelation in three-dimensional ~3D! static samples. We measure the spatial cross-correlation g I varying the sample turbidity t and we observe that the cross-correlation function is almost insensitive to the increase in turbidity until t reaches ...
... In the present work we study two-color spatial crosscorrelation in three-dimensional ~3D! static samples. We measure the spatial cross-correlation g I varying the sample turbidity t and we observe that the cross-correlation function is almost insensitive to the increase in turbidity until t reaches ...
Transfer Matrix Function (tmf) For Wave Propagation In Dielectric
... boundaries. Hence, we substitute are truncated by where the integers and and , respectively. The orders and determine the accuracy of the solution, as shown in the convergence analysis in the following section. In general, the TMF method is applicable for two kinds of waveguides: dielectric guides i ...
... boundaries. Hence, we substitute are truncated by where the integers and and , respectively. The orders and determine the accuracy of the solution, as shown in the convergence analysis in the following section. In general, the TMF method is applicable for two kinds of waveguides: dielectric guides i ...
Michelson Interferometer
... diameter fringes; i.e., make d small to make the centre fringe almost fill the field of view. Tilt M2 slightly so that ∼5–10 curved fringes appear across the field of view. As M1 is moved, the fringe curvature will change, becoming straight and then reversing as M1 is moved through the position of z ...
... diameter fringes; i.e., make d small to make the centre fringe almost fill the field of view. Tilt M2 slightly so that ∼5–10 curved fringes appear across the field of view. As M1 is moved, the fringe curvature will change, becoming straight and then reversing as M1 is moved through the position of z ...
Electromagnetic wave scatterings by anisotropic metamaterials
... Metamaterials are artificial electromagnetic 共EM兲 materials composed by subwavelength local resonance structures of electric and/or magnetic type, and thus possess arbitrary values of permittivity and permeability dictated by such resonance structures.1 Many novel EM properties were predicted or dis ...
... Metamaterials are artificial electromagnetic 共EM兲 materials composed by subwavelength local resonance structures of electric and/or magnetic type, and thus possess arbitrary values of permittivity and permeability dictated by such resonance structures.1 Many novel EM properties were predicted or dis ...
Section 4 Diffraction_handbook of optics
... As remarked earlier, the electric field E [V / m ] plays a central role in optical detection (see Chap. 16). There are detectors that attain a steady state for constant incident beam power [W ] , and there are those like the photographic plate that integrate the incident power over a certain time (s ...
... As remarked earlier, the electric field E [V / m ] plays a central role in optical detection (see Chap. 16). There are detectors that attain a steady state for constant incident beam power [W ] , and there are those like the photographic plate that integrate the incident power over a certain time (s ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... Figure 2–1 shows a schematic of the STEM optical configuration. A series of lenses focuses a beam to form a small spot, or probe, incident upon a thin, electron-transparent sample. Except for the final focusing lens, which is referred to as the objective, the other pre-sample lenses are referred to ...
... Figure 2–1 shows a schematic of the STEM optical configuration. A series of lenses focuses a beam to form a small spot, or probe, incident upon a thin, electron-transparent sample. Except for the final focusing lens, which is referred to as the objective, the other pre-sample lenses are referred to ...
Telescopes and spectrographs
... instrument movable. It is clear from Figure 3 that the physical length of a Keplerian refracting telescope cannot be less than fo. Hence, it would hardly be realistic to plan a telescope with a focal length of 100 metres using this design! However, it is important to remember that achieving high mag ...
... instrument movable. It is clear from Figure 3 that the physical length of a Keplerian refracting telescope cannot be less than fo. Hence, it would hardly be realistic to plan a telescope with a focal length of 100 metres using this design! However, it is important to remember that achieving high mag ...
Physical basis of colors seen in Congo red-stained amyloid
... decline with increasing wavelength. This is normal dispersion of the refractive index, which explains the colored spectrum seen when white light passes through a triangular prism. In a birefringent material that does not absorb light, such as unstained collagen bundles, the refractive index of both ...
... decline with increasing wavelength. This is normal dispersion of the refractive index, which explains the colored spectrum seen when white light passes through a triangular prism. In a birefringent material that does not absorb light, such as unstained collagen bundles, the refractive index of both ...
Rapid BRDF Measurement Using an Ellipsoidal
... That is, the projection of a pattern in which only one pixel is white corresponds to the illumination by a point light source. Moreover, changing the location of the white pixel corresponds to rotating the incident angle. Since the change of the projection pattern is faster than mechanical rotation, ...
... That is, the projection of a pattern in which only one pixel is white corresponds to the illumination by a point light source. Moreover, changing the location of the white pixel corresponds to rotating the incident angle. Since the change of the projection pattern is faster than mechanical rotation, ...
Fabrication of submicrometer 3D structures by one
... First, we theoretically investigated the intensity distribution at focusing region of a high numerical aperture objective lens as a function of various working conditions, such as propagation of light through mismatched refractive index and/or absorbing media. We demonstrated that when working with ...
... First, we theoretically investigated the intensity distribution at focusing region of a high numerical aperture objective lens as a function of various working conditions, such as propagation of light through mismatched refractive index and/or absorbing media. We demonstrated that when working with ...
Plasmonic chirality of L-shaped nanostructure composed of two
... beam lithography (EBL) was used to prepare planar ACPNs with precise dimensions [15,16]. For example, double-layer gammadion structure fabricated by EBL exhibits a pronounced CD in infrared. The antisymmetric oscillation modes of the two coupled layers exert larger effects on CD than similar single- ...
... beam lithography (EBL) was used to prepare planar ACPNs with precise dimensions [15,16]. For example, double-layer gammadion structure fabricated by EBL exhibits a pronounced CD in infrared. The antisymmetric oscillation modes of the two coupled layers exert larger effects on CD than similar single- ...
Collimation Tester - Newport Corporation
... Visit Newport Online at: www.newport.com This Application Note has been prepared based on development activities and experiments conducted in Newport’s Technology and Applications Center and the results associated therewith. Actual results may vary based on laboratory environment and setup condition ...
... Visit Newport Online at: www.newport.com This Application Note has been prepared based on development activities and experiments conducted in Newport’s Technology and Applications Center and the results associated therewith. Actual results may vary based on laboratory environment and setup condition ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography. In the first Born approxmation, the scattered field is modeled as a linear function of the scattering contrast (e.g. refractive index or acoustic impedance). Therefore, the reconstructed contrast is usually estimated as linear in the detected field. The ...
... ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography. In the first Born approxmation, the scattered field is modeled as a linear function of the scattering contrast (e.g. refractive index or acoustic impedance). Therefore, the reconstructed contrast is usually estimated as linear in the detected field. The ...
Intensity Interferometry toward high resolution
... with λ the wavelength of the light observed, D the aperture of the telescope, with R in radians. This limit comes from the diffraction effect, an effect occurring in any optical system of finite size. However this relation only holds for a perfect optical system and in most cases R will be altered b ...
... with λ the wavelength of the light observed, D the aperture of the telescope, with R in radians. This limit comes from the diffraction effect, an effect occurring in any optical system of finite size. However this relation only holds for a perfect optical system and in most cases R will be altered b ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.