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Effects of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems
Effects of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems

... ROMS model of the N. Pacific Ocean, forced by NCEP winds and heat flux, with an NPZD for 1950-2004 ...
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... climate, its variability, and the response to climate ...
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... the  main  cause  of  the  Pacific  wind,   Waves  crashing  over  roadway  in  Temwaiku,  Kiribati.  Courtesy  of   temperature,   and   sea   level   trends   Annika  Dean.   over   the   past   20   years   lies   in   the   Atlantic ...
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... 5346 feet, it came up no lower. The warmth of the water upon the surface, and that of the air, was at the time by the thermometer 84 degrees.” ...
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... El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Warm phase (El Niño) ...
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... ...
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Murray-Darling Basin The Murray-Darling Basin is

... The name El Niño, from the Spanish for "the little boy", refers to the Christ child, because the phenomenon is usually noticed around Christmastime in the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of South America. La Niña, similarly, means "the little girl". These effects were first described in 1923 by Sir ...
http://iprc.soest.hawaii.edu/news/press_releases/2010/ice_age.pdf
http://iprc.soest.hawaii.edu/news/press_releases/2010/ice_age.pdf

... Toward the end of the last ice age, a major reorganization took place in the current system of the North Pacific with far-reaching implications for climate, according to a new study published in the July 9, 2010, issue of Science by an international team of scientists from Japan, Hawaii, and Belgium ...
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... Union (EU) countries. University of Cape Town (UCT) researcher, Marcello Vichi, together with other researchers across the globe, contributed in this study. The ocean has absorbed the largest portion of the extra heat caused by increased atmospheric greenhouse gases. Among the tropical oceans, the w ...
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A CASE OF INEFFECTIVE GLOBAL

... can be found about a thousand miles southwest from the coast of California, USA. The warm subtropical convergent currents of the Pacific Ocean cause the waters in this region to be calm, resulting in a concentration of an estimated 10 million tons of plastic and other debris. This garbage patch is c ...
Unit Three Worksheet – Meteorology/Oceanography – 2
Unit Three Worksheet – Meteorology/Oceanography – 2

... Which of the following is true about air pressure acting on an object? (A) The amount pushing down on the object will gradually decrease with time. (B) The amount pushing up on the object with gradually increase with time. (C) There is more air pressure pushing up on the object than there is pushing ...
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... Multi-year time scale variations • El Nino and La Nina are important phenomena • Occur every ~2 to 7 years when typical ocean-atmosphere circulation breaks down ...
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... 3) Ocean currents transfer heat energy from warmer to cooler regions. Warm ocean currents raise air temperature, which warms the land nearby. Cool ocean currents lower air temperature, which cools the land nearby. 4) Ocean currents form giant loops that travel clockwise in the northern hemisphere an ...
Pacific Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Key Impacts of Climate Change
Pacific Risks, Vulnerabilities, and Key Impacts of Climate Change

... Changes in rainfall can have wide-ranging and significant impacts on water supply, agricultural production and food security, and soil erosion. Rainfall is expected to become significantly more variable, leading to increased frequency, duration, and intensity of droughts and floods. During summer, m ...
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... models project warming in the equatorial Pacific as a forced response, many with equatorial maxima, and a consensus is emerging that forced global warming weakens trade winds. These findings suggest that the recent negative PDO trend is of internal, natural origin rather than the result of a forced ...
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...  A current in the ocean that brings deep, cold water to the ocean surface.  Surface winds blow parallel to the land because of the Coriolis effect.  Cold, deep water continually replaces the surface water that is pushed away from the coast.  This cold water causes cool summers and fog in San Fra ...
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... Global warming correctly describes what was once called the Greenhouse Effect. It's a theory that says the Earth is getting warmer. The Earth is warmer in the last century but no one can say for certain whether it's due to human activity or just the normal Earth cycles. Broadly, this is all referred ...
El Niño: Good Boy or Bad?
El Niño: Good Boy or Bad?

... the equatorial countercurrent (which flows west to east) to accumulate warm ocean water along the coastline of Peru. This phenomenon causes the thermocline—a  transition layer  between warmer mixed water at the ocean’s surface and cooler deep water below—to drop in the eastern part of Pacific Ocean, ...
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... of the Pacific off the South American coast. Scientists do not know what causes El Niño phases to develop. They do know, however, the affects of the phase. The following are changes from normal conditions. The trade wind experts will provide you with information on normal conditions. During El Niño ...
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... This report discusses the variability of the South Atlantic climate. Its objective is to apply two ocean models to account for both large and regional scales: 1. An ocean general circulation model is used to investigate the south Atlantic leading modes and the South Atlantic response to El Niño-Sout ...
Weather - University of Arizona
Weather - University of Arizona

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El Nino - Cloudfront.net
El Nino - Cloudfront.net

... El Nino Years: The first signs of an El Niño are: • Warm water spreads back from the west Pacific to the east Pacific • Warm air rises near Peru (low pressure), causing rain in the Americas • Decrease in air pressure over central and eastern Pacific Ocean • Winds in the Pacific ocean weaken or stop ...
What is meteorology? The ________________ of ___________
What is meteorology? The ________________ of ___________

... The _________ of ___________________ that _________ Earth’s surface depends on the _________________ profile in the _______________________________ of the __________________ Rain ________ of __________ that fall from a ___________ and have a ___________________ of at least _____________ Snow ____ ...
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El Niño–Southern Oscillation

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