Saladin, Human Anatomy 3e
... 5. The neural components of the eye are the retina and optic nerve. The retina absorbs light, partially processes the visual information, and encodes the stimulus in action potentials conducted via the optic nerve to the brain. The sharpest vision occurs in a region of retina called the fovea centra ...
... 5. The neural components of the eye are the retina and optic nerve. The retina absorbs light, partially processes the visual information, and encodes the stimulus in action potentials conducted via the optic nerve to the brain. The sharpest vision occurs in a region of retina called the fovea centra ...
Principles of Sensory Coding
... cortical neurons). If it is activated it may increase its rate to 50 spikes/s; its target cells will have to wait for at least 1/2 second to figure out (reliably decode) that there has been a significant increase in firing rate. Our ability to detect novel input is far faster than this suggesting th ...
... cortical neurons). If it is activated it may increase its rate to 50 spikes/s; its target cells will have to wait for at least 1/2 second to figure out (reliably decode) that there has been a significant increase in firing rate. Our ability to detect novel input is far faster than this suggesting th ...
Ascending Tracts - Bell`s Palsy
... Peripheral process extends to skin or other tissues and ends as free nerve endings (receptors). Cell body is situated in the posterior root ganglion. Central process extends into the posterior grey column and synapses with the 2nd order neuron. ...
... Peripheral process extends to skin or other tissues and ends as free nerve endings (receptors). Cell body is situated in the posterior root ganglion. Central process extends into the posterior grey column and synapses with the 2nd order neuron. ...
Visual form processing in primary and secondary visual
... V1 and V2 neurons are selective for a wide range of visual patterns. Neurons in tree shrew’s V2 exhibit emergent selectivity for polar-like stimuli. ...
... V1 and V2 neurons are selective for a wide range of visual patterns. Neurons in tree shrew’s V2 exhibit emergent selectivity for polar-like stimuli. ...
Hearing Anatomy
... – Off to one side- Passageway that spirals upward for 2 1/2 turns before it ends (cochlea) – Off in the other direction is the vestibular mechanism- organ which maintains balance & detects bodily movement. ...
... – Off to one side- Passageway that spirals upward for 2 1/2 turns before it ends (cochlea) – Off in the other direction is the vestibular mechanism- organ which maintains balance & detects bodily movement. ...
Objectives: The student shall know the facts, understand the
... Modality Endings and characteristics Adequate stimuli Stimulus-response mechanisms Subtypes: "fast" and "slow" pain Localization acuity Referred pain Pain intensity modulation; opioid peptides and opioid receptors; peripheral and central modulation Adaptation and sensitization Pain-induced reflexes ...
... Modality Endings and characteristics Adequate stimuli Stimulus-response mechanisms Subtypes: "fast" and "slow" pain Localization acuity Referred pain Pain intensity modulation; opioid peptides and opioid receptors; peripheral and central modulation Adaptation and sensitization Pain-induced reflexes ...
Neural Basis of the Ventriloquist
... Contralateral activation same for illusion trials as for when sound actually came from the illusory location Response found in Planum Temporale What is the Planum Temporale? ...
... Contralateral activation same for illusion trials as for when sound actually came from the illusory location Response found in Planum Temporale What is the Planum Temporale? ...
Put your name here -> BIOL 415 Nerve cell
... it is the denominator of the pressure ratio in the definition of dB=20 log ratio 54. ANSWER EITHER (1) What is it called when the frequency is over 20,000 Hz? OR (2) Say something about hearing in that range. ultrasound, bats use it for echolocation and dogs can hear it 55. ANSWER EITHER: (1) what t ...
... it is the denominator of the pressure ratio in the definition of dB=20 log ratio 54. ANSWER EITHER (1) What is it called when the frequency is over 20,000 Hz? OR (2) Say something about hearing in that range. ultrasound, bats use it for echolocation and dogs can hear it 55. ANSWER EITHER: (1) what t ...
The Design and Function of Cochlear Implants
... Figure 3. The basilar membrane divides the cochlea along its length and responds to oscillations in the cochlear fluids in a frequency-specific way because of its graded mechanical properties. High-frequency sound waves elicit maximal responses at the basal end of the membrane, near the stapes, wher ...
... Figure 3. The basilar membrane divides the cochlea along its length and responds to oscillations in the cochlear fluids in a frequency-specific way because of its graded mechanical properties. High-frequency sound waves elicit maximal responses at the basal end of the membrane, near the stapes, wher ...
Pattern Vision and Natural Scenes
... To return to eye design implications. Saccade lengths tend to be larger than decorrelation distances ( the distance over which contrast is correlated) in natural scenes. The arrow indicates the average decorrelation distance in natural outdoor scenes. We have measured saccade lengths in search expe ...
... To return to eye design implications. Saccade lengths tend to be larger than decorrelation distances ( the distance over which contrast is correlated) in natural scenes. The arrow indicates the average decorrelation distance in natural outdoor scenes. We have measured saccade lengths in search expe ...
General introduction - UvA-DARE
... sounds. In daily life, hearing-impaired listeners also suffer from their distorted processing of audible sounds. For example, people can have difficulties localizing sounds or understanding speech in noisy situations. e degree of these kinds of impairment does not only depend on the ability to detect ...
... sounds. In daily life, hearing-impaired listeners also suffer from their distorted processing of audible sounds. For example, people can have difficulties localizing sounds or understanding speech in noisy situations. e degree of these kinds of impairment does not only depend on the ability to detect ...
Sensation_and_Perception
... A male silkworm moth has receptors so sensitive to the female odor that a single female need to release only a billionth of an ounce per second to attract every male silkworm moth within a mile. Human ears are most sensitive to sound frequencies that include human voice consonants and a baby’s cry. ...
... A male silkworm moth has receptors so sensitive to the female odor that a single female need to release only a billionth of an ounce per second to attract every male silkworm moth within a mile. Human ears are most sensitive to sound frequencies that include human voice consonants and a baby’s cry. ...
ASCENDING PATHWAYS - University of Kansas Medical Center
... Afferent neurons from muscle spindle also synapse with ascending fibers within spinal cord. Gamma motor neurons supply intrafusal fibers of muscle spindle: Regulate sensitivity of intrafusal fibers. Gamma neurons are modulated by descending fibers within spinal cord. ...
... Afferent neurons from muscle spindle also synapse with ascending fibers within spinal cord. Gamma motor neurons supply intrafusal fibers of muscle spindle: Regulate sensitivity of intrafusal fibers. Gamma neurons are modulated by descending fibers within spinal cord. ...
ear
... Ears & Hearing - Cochlea continued • Low frequencies can travel all way thru vestibuli & back in tympani • As frequencies increase they travel less before passing directly thru vestibular & basilar membranes to tympani ...
... Ears & Hearing - Cochlea continued • Low frequencies can travel all way thru vestibuli & back in tympani • As frequencies increase they travel less before passing directly thru vestibular & basilar membranes to tympani ...
operant conditioning of feeding behavior in aplysia
... conditioning. In contrast, the cellular mechanisms underlying operant conditioning are poorly understood. This deficit results, in part, from the lack of a suitably tractable preparation that exhibits operant conditioning and that is amenable to cellular analysis. To address this issue, the feeding ...
... conditioning. In contrast, the cellular mechanisms underlying operant conditioning are poorly understood. This deficit results, in part, from the lack of a suitably tractable preparation that exhibits operant conditioning and that is amenable to cellular analysis. To address this issue, the feeding ...
Neuromuscular junction File
... If the stimulus is below threshold, there is no contraction of the muscle. If threshold is exceeded, contraction increases with increased stimulus intensity, i.e. there is a larger response. Note: Individual fibres have an ‘all or nothing response’, but the more fibres that are stimulated, the great ...
... If the stimulus is below threshold, there is no contraction of the muscle. If threshold is exceeded, contraction increases with increased stimulus intensity, i.e. there is a larger response. Note: Individual fibres have an ‘all or nothing response’, but the more fibres that are stimulated, the great ...
8.2 The Senses
... reaches the lenses. The lens changes shape to focus light on the retina. B. The retina is a coating at the back of the eye. It contains two types of lightsensitive cells called rods and cones. These cells change light impulses that the neurons carry over the optic nerve to the brain. ...
... reaches the lenses. The lens changes shape to focus light on the retina. B. The retina is a coating at the back of the eye. It contains two types of lightsensitive cells called rods and cones. These cells change light impulses that the neurons carry over the optic nerve to the brain. ...
Articular Receptors
... muscle spindles: primary (Ia) and secondary (II). Primary endings are typically seen in virtually all intrafusal fibers. Secondary endings are seen in CF and in static BF, but not in dynamic BF. ...
... muscle spindles: primary (Ia) and secondary (II). Primary endings are typically seen in virtually all intrafusal fibers. Secondary endings are seen in CF and in static BF, but not in dynamic BF. ...
The Ear
... 3. Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) amplify vibrations 4. Stapes hits oval window and transmits vibrations to cochlea 5. Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations 6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe i ...
... 3. Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) amplify vibrations 4. Stapes hits oval window and transmits vibrations to cochlea 5. Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations 6. Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe i ...
Von Economo Neurons in the Elephant Brain
... VEN specialization may parallel the emergence of very large brain size in these mammals. The evolution of large brain size may place a special premium on overcoming geometric constraints to maintain rapid transmission of crucial information, and this need may explain the independent emergence of the ...
... VEN specialization may parallel the emergence of very large brain size in these mammals. The evolution of large brain size may place a special premium on overcoming geometric constraints to maintain rapid transmission of crucial information, and this need may explain the independent emergence of the ...
Slide 1
... 1. Active searching (seeking a target) 2. Approach/stalk (target acquired moving to intercept or waiting to pounce). ...
... 1. Active searching (seeking a target) 2. Approach/stalk (target acquired moving to intercept or waiting to pounce). ...
AP – All or nothing
... membrane, this is repolarisation • The membrane briefly becomes hyperpolarised (more negative on the inside than usual) • The Na+ / K+ channels close ...
... membrane, this is repolarisation • The membrane briefly becomes hyperpolarised (more negative on the inside than usual) • The Na+ / K+ channels close ...