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... tone was either one of seven frequencies (1.3, 2, 3, 5, 9, 14 or 19 kHz) or was fixed (9 kHz). Tone amplitude was 20–30 dB above the minimum rat hearing threshold48. In experiments using multiple carrier frequencies, the frequency of the tones within each train was constant, whereas the frequencies ...
... tone was either one of seven frequencies (1.3, 2, 3, 5, 9, 14 or 19 kHz) or was fixed (9 kHz). Tone amplitude was 20–30 dB above the minimum rat hearing threshold48. In experiments using multiple carrier frequencies, the frequency of the tones within each train was constant, whereas the frequencies ...
PPT (20-21)
... • from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own", "individual" and perception, is the sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body and strength of effort being ...
... • from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own", "individual" and perception, is the sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body and strength of effort being ...
The response of cat visual cortex to flicker stimuli of variable frequency
... proposed that internal synchronization of neuronal discharges may serve to select distributed neuronal responses and to ‘bind’ them together for further joint processing (von der Malsburg, 1985; Gray et al., 1989; for review see Singer & Gray, 1995). This suggests the possibility that the synchronou ...
... proposed that internal synchronization of neuronal discharges may serve to select distributed neuronal responses and to ‘bind’ them together for further joint processing (von der Malsburg, 1985; Gray et al., 1989; for review see Singer & Gray, 1995). This suggests the possibility that the synchronou ...
Properties of reflex action
... • Properties of polysynaptic spinal reflexes are due to the presence of interneurons and synapses in the reflex arc. • They include; ...
... • Properties of polysynaptic spinal reflexes are due to the presence of interneurons and synapses in the reflex arc. • They include; ...
Neural Plasticity in Auditory Cortex
... sensory cortex. Then in 1990 Bakin and Weinberger recorded RFs from cells in the primary auditory cortex before and immediately after conditioning to a tonal conditioned stimulus. They found that responses to the CS frequency increased whereas responses to the best frequency (BF), and many other fre ...
... sensory cortex. Then in 1990 Bakin and Weinberger recorded RFs from cells in the primary auditory cortex before and immediately after conditioning to a tonal conditioned stimulus. They found that responses to the CS frequency increased whereas responses to the best frequency (BF), and many other fre ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿 - Shandong University
... • Different kinds of receptor are activated in different ways but the first stage in sensory transduction is the generation of a graded receptor potential. • The magnitude of the stimulus is related to that of the receptor potential which in turn is related to either a) the sequence or frequency of ...
... • Different kinds of receptor are activated in different ways but the first stage in sensory transduction is the generation of a graded receptor potential. • The magnitude of the stimulus is related to that of the receptor potential which in turn is related to either a) the sequence or frequency of ...
Photo Album
... o Used to test how fast human responds in presence of more than 1 stimulus, i.e. multiple stimuli o e.g. choosing a digit on keyboard from ‘0’ to ‘9’ o Each stimulus requires a different response o In general, more stimuli/responses slower RT o try 2nd experiment: there are now 4 blocks (choices), ...
... o Used to test how fast human responds in presence of more than 1 stimulus, i.e. multiple stimuli o e.g. choosing a digit on keyboard from ‘0’ to ‘9’ o Each stimulus requires a different response o In general, more stimuli/responses slower RT o try 2nd experiment: there are now 4 blocks (choices), ...
The Cutaneous Senses
... Focal hand dystonia in musicians (“musician’s cramp”), is a greatly feared condition that leads to reduced performance levels, very often resulting in the termination of a musician’s career. This neurological disorder is characterized by a loss of control over individual finger movements. The Sympto ...
... Focal hand dystonia in musicians (“musician’s cramp”), is a greatly feared condition that leads to reduced performance levels, very often resulting in the termination of a musician’s career. This neurological disorder is characterized by a loss of control over individual finger movements. The Sympto ...
Anatomy of the Somatosensory System
... or polymodal receptors. Polymodal receptors respond not only to intense mechanical stimuli, but also to heat and to noxious chemicals. These receptors respond to minute punctures of the epithelium, with a response magnitude that depends on the degree of tissue deformation. They also respond to tempe ...
... or polymodal receptors. Polymodal receptors respond not only to intense mechanical stimuli, but also to heat and to noxious chemicals. These receptors respond to minute punctures of the epithelium, with a response magnitude that depends on the degree of tissue deformation. They also respond to tempe ...
sense organs
... • Different kinds of receptor are activated in different ways but the first stage in sensory transduction is the generation of a graded receptor potential. • The magnitude of the stimulus is related to that of the receptor potential which in turn is related to either a) the sequence or frequency of ...
... • Different kinds of receptor are activated in different ways but the first stage in sensory transduction is the generation of a graded receptor potential. • The magnitude of the stimulus is related to that of the receptor potential which in turn is related to either a) the sequence or frequency of ...
The Special Senses
... • Sensory cells - located in the epithelial lining of the mucous membrane of the nose • Olfactory neural chemoreceptors - have specialized cilia which detect the presence of specific chemicals within the air we breath • The neurons connected to the olfactory bulb when stimulated sends a message to t ...
... • Sensory cells - located in the epithelial lining of the mucous membrane of the nose • Olfactory neural chemoreceptors - have specialized cilia which detect the presence of specific chemicals within the air we breath • The neurons connected to the olfactory bulb when stimulated sends a message to t ...
Text S2: Conflicting demands of localization and pattern
... the response curves with respect to the mean level of the stimulus in the direction-coding pathway However, in order to achieve invariance with respect to x and µ in the central pattern neuron, we can make use of the subtraction of the peripheries. For any given ∆x this means that rper(x+µ+∆x) - rpe ...
... the response curves with respect to the mean level of the stimulus in the direction-coding pathway However, in order to achieve invariance with respect to x and µ in the central pattern neuron, we can make use of the subtraction of the peripheries. For any given ∆x this means that rper(x+µ+∆x) - rpe ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... - all somatic motor neurons 2. Adrenergic - release norepinephrine - most sympathetic postganglionic fibers Activities of the ANS - most effectors have dual innervation (innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions) - structures that have dual innervations respond antagonistically ...
... - all somatic motor neurons 2. Adrenergic - release norepinephrine - most sympathetic postganglionic fibers Activities of the ANS - most effectors have dual innervation (innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions) - structures that have dual innervations respond antagonistically ...
Welcome to Ask Dr. Maynard, a new feature of Post
... will be published in future issues, while others will be posted on www.post-polio.org. Question: I am aware that as polio survivors recovered from the initial bout with polio, we went through a process called denervation. Does this process of losing anterior horn cells (AHCs) and establishing new ne ...
... will be published in future issues, while others will be posted on www.post-polio.org. Question: I am aware that as polio survivors recovered from the initial bout with polio, we went through a process called denervation. Does this process of losing anterior horn cells (AHCs) and establishing new ne ...
13.2 part 2
... In this example, stimuli of less than 2 mV does not produce any muscle contraction, whereas anything 2 mv and over produces the same force of muscle contraction. This experiment shows us two important things: All neurons have a threshold level or a minimum level that must be reached in order for an ...
... In this example, stimuli of less than 2 mV does not produce any muscle contraction, whereas anything 2 mv and over produces the same force of muscle contraction. This experiment shows us two important things: All neurons have a threshold level or a minimum level that must be reached in order for an ...
Compound Action Potential, CAP
... 1. Focal demyelination (FD): There is focal slowing of conduction across the area of demyelination. If the segment is long it is easy to detect; however, if the segment is short, one needs special techniques such as “inching” study. 2. Axon loss: The portion below the area of axon loss shows no cond ...
... 1. Focal demyelination (FD): There is focal slowing of conduction across the area of demyelination. If the segment is long it is easy to detect; however, if the segment is short, one needs special techniques such as “inching” study. 2. Axon loss: The portion below the area of axon loss shows no cond ...
Insect hearing: from physics to ecology - Karl-Franzens
... and foes; a third, less prominent aspect may be the detection of prey (see parasitoids, below). All of these aspects require not only the evaluation and interpretation of sound signals (“recognition” of cues or signals) but also the ability to localize the sound source. Directional information is de ...
... and foes; a third, less prominent aspect may be the detection of prey (see parasitoids, below). All of these aspects require not only the evaluation and interpretation of sound signals (“recognition” of cues or signals) but also the ability to localize the sound source. Directional information is de ...
FIGURE LEGNEDS FIGURE 24.1 A dorsal root ganglion cell is a
... FIGURE 24.11 The medial path taken by spinothalamic neurons in lamina I (driven by C fibers) differs from the lateral path taken by neurons in laminae IV and V (driven by C and Aδ nociceptors and Aβ mechanoreceptors). Anterior spinothalamic tract axons are given off by the deeper neurons and termina ...
... FIGURE 24.11 The medial path taken by spinothalamic neurons in lamina I (driven by C fibers) differs from the lateral path taken by neurons in laminae IV and V (driven by C and Aδ nociceptors and Aβ mechanoreceptors). Anterior spinothalamic tract axons are given off by the deeper neurons and termina ...
PowerPoint - Developmental Disabilities Council
... “Cowardice asks the question – is it safe? Expediency asks the question – is it politic? Vanity asks the question – is it popular? But conscience asks the question – is it right? And there comes a time when one must take the position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular. But one must do ...
... “Cowardice asks the question – is it safe? Expediency asks the question – is it politic? Vanity asks the question – is it popular? But conscience asks the question – is it right? And there comes a time when one must take the position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular. But one must do ...
Outline - MrGalusha.org
... – Information from the VNO is sent to a special part of the olfactory bulb used for pheromonal communication ...
... – Information from the VNO is sent to a special part of the olfactory bulb used for pheromonal communication ...
Slide 1
... – Information from the VNO is sent to a special part of the olfactory bulb used for pheromonal communication ...
... – Information from the VNO is sent to a special part of the olfactory bulb used for pheromonal communication ...
PNS - Wsimg.com
... sensory receptors subjected to unchanging stimulus Receptor membranes become less responsive Receptor potentials decline in frequency or stop Pressure, touch, & smell receptors adapt quickly Merkel’s discs, Ruffini’s corpuscles, & interoceptors for blood chemicals adapt slowly Pain recep ...
... sensory receptors subjected to unchanging stimulus Receptor membranes become less responsive Receptor potentials decline in frequency or stop Pressure, touch, & smell receptors adapt quickly Merkel’s discs, Ruffini’s corpuscles, & interoceptors for blood chemicals adapt slowly Pain recep ...
Outline
... – Information from the VNO is sent to a special part of the olfactory bulb used for pheromonal communication ...
... – Information from the VNO is sent to a special part of the olfactory bulb used for pheromonal communication ...
Chapter 6
... • Rods - light-sensitive but don’t distinguish colors; monochromatic, night vision • Cones - Three types; red, green, & blue, distinguish colors but are not as sensitive, high acuity day vision; respond to selectively various wavelengths of light • Color vision depends on the three cone types variou ...
... • Rods - light-sensitive but don’t distinguish colors; monochromatic, night vision • Cones - Three types; red, green, & blue, distinguish colors but are not as sensitive, high acuity day vision; respond to selectively various wavelengths of light • Color vision depends on the three cone types variou ...