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Atomic and nuclear physics
... energy gap between the initial and final states. As the energies E1 and E2 of the participating pair of quantum energy states of an atom can only assume discrete values, the photons are only emitted and absorbed at discrete frequencies. The totality of the frequencies which occur is referred to as t ...
... energy gap between the initial and final states. As the energies E1 and E2 of the participating pair of quantum energy states of an atom can only assume discrete values, the photons are only emitted and absorbed at discrete frequencies. The totality of the frequencies which occur is referred to as t ...
Ultralow threshold laser using a single quantum dot and a
... accurate quantum-mechanical calculation based on a masterequation analysis, to be described in a future publication, gives I th'22 pA @13#. The somewhat higher value reflects the effects of saturation and self-quenching due to the pumping process @14#. The calculated threshold is still extremely low ...
... accurate quantum-mechanical calculation based on a masterequation analysis, to be described in a future publication, gives I th'22 pA @13#. The somewhat higher value reflects the effects of saturation and self-quenching due to the pumping process @14#. The calculated threshold is still extremely low ...
Homework Set #7 Due: 4-4-14
... fields. The wavelengths of the signal and idler are determined by rotating the BBO crystal until an angle is found so that the desired output wavelengths are phase matched when traveling, in this case, collinearly with the pump. The pump, signal and idler can be separated using dichroic beamsplitter ...
... fields. The wavelengths of the signal and idler are determined by rotating the BBO crystal until an angle is found so that the desired output wavelengths are phase matched when traveling, in this case, collinearly with the pump. The pump, signal and idler can be separated using dichroic beamsplitter ...
LAB LASER OPERATOR
... 4. Lasers in SISSA (1) In the laboratories one can find . lasers class 3B coupled to microscopes (eye risk for direct beam in free space or through the eyepieces of microscopes), . lasers class 4 as pump, coupled to microscopes, dangerous for direct viewing and for reflections of the beam. Usually ...
... 4. Lasers in SISSA (1) In the laboratories one can find . lasers class 3B coupled to microscopes (eye risk for direct beam in free space or through the eyepieces of microscopes), . lasers class 4 as pump, coupled to microscopes, dangerous for direct viewing and for reflections of the beam. Usually ...
Measuring the Hyperfine Splittings of Lowest Energy Atomic
... metastable state is named as such due to its particularly long lifetime before decaying. This long lifetime is due to the fact that the energy transition from the metastable state to ground state is quantum mechanically forbidden. In practice the transition still has a probability of occurring but i ...
... metastable state is named as such due to its particularly long lifetime before decaying. This long lifetime is due to the fact that the energy transition from the metastable state to ground state is quantum mechanically forbidden. In practice the transition still has a probability of occurring but i ...
Criteria for Optical Systems: Optical Path Difference • Optical Path
... where ν= the frequency • High conductivity Metals have high k relative to n: hence high R • Note n can be less than 1 for absorbing materials but nc>1 • Insulators: k=0 when transparent ...
... where ν= the frequency • High conductivity Metals have high k relative to n: hence high R • Note n can be less than 1 for absorbing materials but nc>1 • Insulators: k=0 when transparent ...
Trapping and destruction of long range high intensity optical/plasma
... Introduction to Filamentation • High power, femtosecond laser beams that propagate through air form extremely long filaments due to nonlinear self-focusing ((3)) dynamically balanced by ionization and defocusing. ...
... Introduction to Filamentation • High power, femtosecond laser beams that propagate through air form extremely long filaments due to nonlinear self-focusing ((3)) dynamically balanced by ionization and defocusing. ...
Note to 8.13 students
... a relationship between the emitted wavelengths of light from hydrogen. Around five years later, Johannes Rydberg built off Balmer’s work by generalizing a relationship for the emitted wavelengths of light for particles other than hydrogen. In 1913, Niels Bohr published a theory describing the quantiz ...
... a relationship between the emitted wavelengths of light from hydrogen. Around five years later, Johannes Rydberg built off Balmer’s work by generalizing a relationship for the emitted wavelengths of light for particles other than hydrogen. In 1913, Niels Bohr published a theory describing the quantiz ...
Wavelength measurements using prism spectroscopy (Spk)
... errors), which have to be minimized by using complex lens constructions and special lens coatings. In nature, dispersion, occurring when light gets reflected and diffracted on water drops, leads to the appearance of rainbows. An alternative method for the determination of wavelengths of spectral lin ...
... errors), which have to be minimized by using complex lens constructions and special lens coatings. In nature, dispersion, occurring when light gets reflected and diffracted on water drops, leads to the appearance of rainbows. An alternative method for the determination of wavelengths of spectral lin ...
Athermal laser design
... cavity length itself would grow considerably as the effective grating length, Leff, would become significant to the total cavity length. This is important as dLeff/dT is proportional to the grating length Lg as shown in Eq. (5) where δ is simply the difference in effective indices of the two periodi ...
... cavity length itself would grow considerably as the effective grating length, Leff, would become significant to the total cavity length. This is important as dLeff/dT is proportional to the grating length Lg as shown in Eq. (5) where δ is simply the difference in effective indices of the two periodi ...
Class 3b Laser Safety
... Safety guidelines that apply to lasers of all power classes 1. Never, under any circumstances, look into the beam of any laser! I don't care if you have safety glasses, or if it's only a 2mW keychain pointer. Don't do it! For one thing, don't get into a habit of looking into the beam with cheap poin ...
... Safety guidelines that apply to lasers of all power classes 1. Never, under any circumstances, look into the beam of any laser! I don't care if you have safety glasses, or if it's only a 2mW keychain pointer. Don't do it! For one thing, don't get into a habit of looking into the beam with cheap poin ...
Light source used for AA
... A salt containing the metal of interest is sealed in a quartz tube along with an inert gas Discharge lamps, such as neon signs, pass an electric current through the inert gas . The electrons collide with inert gas atoms, ionizing them and accelerating their cations to collide with the metal atoms wh ...
... A salt containing the metal of interest is sealed in a quartz tube along with an inert gas Discharge lamps, such as neon signs, pass an electric current through the inert gas . The electrons collide with inert gas atoms, ionizing them and accelerating their cations to collide with the metal atoms wh ...
Laser microfabrication of alumina
... microfabricated using the femto-second laser for the alumina and alumina-silicon carbide samples are shown in Fig. 2. The power densities from the left side are 0.91, 0.034, and 0.007 W respectively. It is obvious that the results form the alumina-silicon carbide presented better edge quality and ma ...
... microfabricated using the femto-second laser for the alumina and alumina-silicon carbide samples are shown in Fig. 2. The power densities from the left side are 0.91, 0.034, and 0.007 W respectively. It is obvious that the results form the alumina-silicon carbide presented better edge quality and ma ...
Laser III - Universiti Sains Malaysia
... •The carriers in the active region increases refractive index of GaAs •The refractive index increment is only ~0.02, hence is not a good dielectric waveguide •The beam therefore can be spread out to the surrounding region – mode volume •Vigorous pumping is therefore needed to enhance lasing •The thr ...
... •The carriers in the active region increases refractive index of GaAs •The refractive index increment is only ~0.02, hence is not a good dielectric waveguide •The beam therefore can be spread out to the surrounding region – mode volume •Vigorous pumping is therefore needed to enhance lasing •The thr ...
Lecture 21 - Laser Diodes - 2 - Outline •
... Lateral optical� confinement:� The stripes on the previous foils provide lateral current� confinement (to varying� degrees) but minimal optical� guiding. To achieve optical� guiding, more elaborate structures are used.� ...
... Lateral optical� confinement:� The stripes on the previous foils provide lateral current� confinement (to varying� degrees) but minimal optical� guiding. To achieve optical� guiding, more elaborate structures are used.� ...
Single Longitudinal Mode Blue-Violet Laser Diode for Data Storage
... longitudinal modes and have thus a sub-millimeter coherence length. Optical data storage technologies requiring coherent interference, such as holographic e.g., will benefit from having a compact blue-violet laser diode source with a long coherence length and some level of wavelength tuning. Prior a ...
... longitudinal modes and have thus a sub-millimeter coherence length. Optical data storage technologies requiring coherent interference, such as holographic e.g., will benefit from having a compact blue-violet laser diode source with a long coherence length and some level of wavelength tuning. Prior a ...
A new approach to sum frequency generation of single
... spectral region are available in the red, green and blue. The output power from single-mode visible diode lasers is limited to about 100 mW and these lasers tend to operate in multiple longitudinal modes. Higher output power is possible using broad area diode lasers but at the expense of a decrease ...
... spectral region are available in the red, green and blue. The output power from single-mode visible diode lasers is limited to about 100 mW and these lasers tend to operate in multiple longitudinal modes. Higher output power is possible using broad area diode lasers but at the expense of a decrease ...
Molecular Spectroscopy
... 200 cm−1 < ν̄ < 4000 cm−1 . Tungsten filaments is used in the visible and near infrared spectral range 320 nm < λ < 2500 nm. Different types of gas discharge lamps are common light sources in ultraviolet and visible spectral region 180 nm < λ < 800 nm. In a xenon discharge lamp an electrical dischar ...
... 200 cm−1 < ν̄ < 4000 cm−1 . Tungsten filaments is used in the visible and near infrared spectral range 320 nm < λ < 2500 nm. Different types of gas discharge lamps are common light sources in ultraviolet and visible spectral region 180 nm < λ < 800 nm. In a xenon discharge lamp an electrical dischar ...
Fiber-optic ring-down spectroscopy using a tunable picosecond gain-switched diode laser Applied Physics B
... advantage over switched cw-lasers. As was pointed out in a landmark paper by Romanini and Lehmann, only light resonant with the longitudinal modes of the cavity can be coupled into the cavity and subsequently ring-down – regardless of whether the laser source is pulsed or continuous [18]. Most pulse ...
... advantage over switched cw-lasers. As was pointed out in a landmark paper by Romanini and Lehmann, only light resonant with the longitudinal modes of the cavity can be coupled into the cavity and subsequently ring-down – regardless of whether the laser source is pulsed or continuous [18]. Most pulse ...
Passively Q-switched 0.1-mJ fiber laser system at
... lasers based on erbium-doped glasses can deliver several millijoules of energy in this wavelength region2 but so far have been limited in average power and repetition rate by thermal problems. Passively Q-switched microchip lasers3,4 can generate singlefrequency output but so far have not delivered ...
... lasers based on erbium-doped glasses can deliver several millijoules of energy in this wavelength region2 but so far have been limited in average power and repetition rate by thermal problems. Passively Q-switched microchip lasers3,4 can generate singlefrequency output but so far have not delivered ...
Chapter 4 Photonic Sources
... For use in the fiber transmission applications an LED must have • High radiance output Radiance is a measure , in watts, of the optical power radiated into a unit solid angle per unit area of the emitting surface. High radiances are necessary to couple sufficiently high optical power levels into a f ...
... For use in the fiber transmission applications an LED must have • High radiance output Radiance is a measure , in watts, of the optical power radiated into a unit solid angle per unit area of the emitting surface. High radiances are necessary to couple sufficiently high optical power levels into a f ...
Optical Pumping
... The laser must be tuned to the D1 line. It should be close, but should be checked by the lab staff before beginning. The laser is easily tuned with the aid of a piezoelectric element inside the laser cavity. A high voltage power supply is used for tuning. Adjust the voltage up and down by about 10-20 ...
... The laser must be tuned to the D1 line. It should be close, but should be checked by the lab staff before beginning. The laser is easily tuned with the aid of a piezoelectric element inside the laser cavity. A high voltage power supply is used for tuning. Adjust the voltage up and down by about 10-20 ...
Optical Gain Experiment Manual
... The experiment is designed to measure the optical gain and lasing threshold of a semiconductor sample in the ultraviolet and visible light regions based on the Variable ...
... The experiment is designed to measure the optical gain and lasing threshold of a semiconductor sample in the ultraviolet and visible light regions based on the Variable ...
In the diagram below, the optical train of a set of binoculars is found
... 1. (10 marks total) 1A. Two identical concave mirrors of radii of curvature R are separated by a total distance equal to R (diagram below). A light ray is emitted from a point P on the optical axis that is centered between the mirrors at a small, arbitrary angle with respect to the axis so that it ...
... 1. (10 marks total) 1A. Two identical concave mirrors of radii of curvature R are separated by a total distance equal to R (diagram below). A light ray is emitted from a point P on the optical axis that is centered between the mirrors at a small, arbitrary angle with respect to the axis so that it ...
Laser pumping
Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser. The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing excited states in its atoms. When the number of particles in one excited state exceeds the number of particles in the ground state or a less-excited state, population inversion is achieved. In this condition, the mechanism of stimulated emission can take place and the medium can act as a laser or an optical amplifier. The pump power must be higher than the lasing threshold of the laser.The pump energy is usually provided in the form of light or electric current, but more exotic sources have been used, such as chemical or nuclear reactions.