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Real-time phase measurement of optical vortices based on
... sampling array plate can be directly extracted from the inverse Fourier transform of the farfield diffraction intensity pattern. However, scanning the whole surface is time-consuming, and only the phase of sampled point can be measured. The measured phase image quality can be increased with smaller ...
... sampling array plate can be directly extracted from the inverse Fourier transform of the farfield diffraction intensity pattern. However, scanning the whole surface is time-consuming, and only the phase of sampled point can be measured. The measured phase image quality can be increased with smaller ...
Wide-field extended-resolution fluorescence
... achieved [4]. While super-resolution on the order of λ/4 can be obtained with these methods, the sample must be placed at a specific location that is virtually impossible for most biomedical applications. Further, these methods require substrate with very specific and high-resolution patterns increa ...
... achieved [4]. While super-resolution on the order of λ/4 can be obtained with these methods, the sample must be placed at a specific location that is virtually impossible for most biomedical applications. Further, these methods require substrate with very specific and high-resolution patterns increa ...
Single camera spectral domain polarization
... technique that can acquire high resolution depth-resolved images in highly scattering tissue specimen. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) [3–5] enables polarization-dependent detection in OCT and can provide additional imaging contrast such as retardance and fast-axis orient ...
... technique that can acquire high resolution depth-resolved images in highly scattering tissue specimen. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) [3–5] enables polarization-dependent detection in OCT and can provide additional imaging contrast such as retardance and fast-axis orient ...
ellip
... An ellipsometer enables to measure the refractive index and the thickness of semi-transparent thin films. The instrument relies on the fact that the reflection at a dielectric interface depends on the polarization of the light while the transmission of light through a transparent layer changes the p ...
... An ellipsometer enables to measure the refractive index and the thickness of semi-transparent thin films. The instrument relies on the fact that the reflection at a dielectric interface depends on the polarization of the light while the transmission of light through a transparent layer changes the p ...
Chapter 2
... temperature variation b. not exact 50:50 c. not flat top passbands Change temperature (or refractive index) of ...
... temperature variation b. not exact 50:50 c. not flat top passbands Change temperature (or refractive index) of ...
Lobster eye: Data processing from two 1D modules
... Fig. 2: Schematic of input aperture for vertical module (left) and for horizontal module (right) with a mask ...
... Fig. 2: Schematic of input aperture for vertical module (left) and for horizontal module (right) with a mask ...
Variational Phase Imaging Using the Transport-of
... needed especially when minimal manipulation of the cell is required (such as in stem cell and drug discovery studies) [6]. While transparent objects have insignificant absorption, they do introduce phase shifts due to variations in the optical path length in the sample. The information about the dis ...
... needed especially when minimal manipulation of the cell is required (such as in stem cell and drug discovery studies) [6]. While transparent objects have insignificant absorption, they do introduce phase shifts due to variations in the optical path length in the sample. The information about the dis ...
Fabrication of Multi-wavelength Optical Reflector using On
... because higher order diffraction are suppressed. When the grating period is lesser than the wavelength, the grating behaves as a uniform layer with effective refractive index among the material index and surrounding index. The applications of subwavelength grating are anti-reflecting filters [1], ph ...
... because higher order diffraction are suppressed. When the grating period is lesser than the wavelength, the grating behaves as a uniform layer with effective refractive index among the material index and surrounding index. The applications of subwavelength grating are anti-reflecting filters [1], ph ...
Brightfield contrast methods
... of a darkened annular quarter-wave (λ/4) plate at the objective back focal plane results in a total λ/2 (180°) phase shift of diffracted light relative to undiffracted light, as well as specific attenuation of the undiffracted light. At the image plane, interference of this "modified" diffracted and ...
... of a darkened annular quarter-wave (λ/4) plate at the objective back focal plane results in a total λ/2 (180°) phase shift of diffracted light relative to undiffracted light, as well as specific attenuation of the undiffracted light. At the image plane, interference of this "modified" diffracted and ...
Chapter 27: Gas Chromatography
... E.) Support Material: There are two main types of supports used in GC: Packed columns large sample capacity preparative work ...
... E.) Support Material: There are two main types of supports used in GC: Packed columns large sample capacity preparative work ...
Materialanalytik Praktikum Ellipsometry B508
... The light will penetrate into the layer until it reaches the interface between the layer and the substrate, where it will be reflected parially. Finally the beam leaves the layer under the same exit angle as the incidence angle ρ. If a wave of light travels in a dielectric medium, it will exhibit ch ...
... The light will penetrate into the layer until it reaches the interface between the layer and the substrate, where it will be reflected parially. Finally the beam leaves the layer under the same exit angle as the incidence angle ρ. If a wave of light travels in a dielectric medium, it will exhibit ch ...
Tutorial for Chapter 8
... A Gaussian beam of Rayleigh range z0 = 50 cm and wavelength = 488 nm is converted into another Gaussian beam with using a lens of focal length f = 5 cm at a distance z = 75 cm. Find the beam waist and location (from the lens) for the new Gaussian beam. ...
... A Gaussian beam of Rayleigh range z0 = 50 cm and wavelength = 488 nm is converted into another Gaussian beam with using a lens of focal length f = 5 cm at a distance z = 75 cm. Find the beam waist and location (from the lens) for the new Gaussian beam. ...
Homework Set #6 Due: 3-28-14
... Waveplates are made from flats that have sides that are flat and parallel to high precision. This helps avoid wavefront distortion. Unfortunately, this means waveplates will also act as Fabry-Perot etalons (with R 5%) and thus have a wavelength dependent transmission. To avoid this, as well as to ...
... Waveplates are made from flats that have sides that are flat and parallel to high precision. This helps avoid wavefront distortion. Unfortunately, this means waveplates will also act as Fabry-Perot etalons (with R 5%) and thus have a wavelength dependent transmission. To avoid this, as well as to ...
Image formation with broad bundles of rays
... Wave surfaces are surfaces of constant phase. The change in phase along different rays between points of intersection with two given wave surfaces is the same. The total change in phase between the points O and O’ is the same for the different rays. The optical path length y is the same for all thes ...
... Wave surfaces are surfaces of constant phase. The change in phase along different rays between points of intersection with two given wave surfaces is the same. The total change in phase between the points O and O’ is the same for the different rays. The optical path length y is the same for all thes ...
Phase space of partially coherent light with discontinuous surfaces
... quantum mechanics in phase space. Later the Wigner function was introduced into optics by Dolin and Walther [2–4], to describe an optical signal in phase space. There are several remarkable advantages of using the Wigner function for analyzing optical systems. First, it describes optical signals sim ...
... quantum mechanics in phase space. Later the Wigner function was introduced into optics by Dolin and Walther [2–4], to describe an optical signal in phase space. There are several remarkable advantages of using the Wigner function for analyzing optical systems. First, it describes optical signals sim ...
Pulse spreading due to dispersion
... Figure 2: The group velocity dispersion of optical fiber vs. wavelength The solid line is the GVD for the fused silica (SiO2) glass material by itself. It has a value of zero at a wavelength of about 1.3 µm, which was therefore initially thought to be the optimum wavelength for optical communication ...
... Figure 2: The group velocity dispersion of optical fiber vs. wavelength The solid line is the GVD for the fused silica (SiO2) glass material by itself. It has a value of zero at a wavelength of about 1.3 µm, which was therefore initially thought to be the optimum wavelength for optical communication ...
Non-destructive terahertz imaging of illicit drugs using spectral
... waves, exhibit properties of both sides of the electromagnetic spectrum. Like radio waves, they can be transmitted through a wide variety of substances such as paper, cloth, ceramics, plastics, wood, bone, fat, various powders, dried food, and so on. In addition, like light waves, they can easily be ...
... waves, exhibit properties of both sides of the electromagnetic spectrum. Like radio waves, they can be transmitted through a wide variety of substances such as paper, cloth, ceramics, plastics, wood, bone, fat, various powders, dried food, and so on. In addition, like light waves, they can easily be ...
IMAGING WITH THZ PULSES TX 7725
... technologies for non-invasive testing, including the detection of faults or delaminations in packaged integrated circuits and the location of air bubbles or cracks within polymer or ceramic parts [5,6]. In many of these applications, the feature we wish to detect is subtle, in the sense that its int ...
... technologies for non-invasive testing, including the detection of faults or delaminations in packaged integrated circuits and the location of air bubbles or cracks within polymer or ceramic parts [5,6]. In many of these applications, the feature we wish to detect is subtle, in the sense that its int ...
Components of Optical Instruments, Cont…
... several interference filters are necessary to, for example, cover the visible range of the spectrum. This is not convenient as we would have to interchange filters according to wavelength of interest. To overcome this problem: a wedge machined dielectric was used. The dielectric in this case has dif ...
... several interference filters are necessary to, for example, cover the visible range of the spectrum. This is not convenient as we would have to interchange filters according to wavelength of interest. To overcome this problem: a wedge machined dielectric was used. The dielectric in this case has dif ...
07-HW7 - Rose
... (b) If loudspeaker 2 is moved away by one-half of a wavelength or 1.0 m, then all three waves will reach you in phase. The amplitude of the superposed waves will therefore be maximum and equal to A 3a. (c) The maximum intensity is I max CA2 9Ca2 . The ratio of the intensity to the intensity of ...
... (b) If loudspeaker 2 is moved away by one-half of a wavelength or 1.0 m, then all three waves will reach you in phase. The amplitude of the superposed waves will therefore be maximum and equal to A 3a. (c) The maximum intensity is I max CA2 9Ca2 . The ratio of the intensity to the intensity of ...
24.1 - 24.4
... The conditions are valid if the medium above the top surface is the same as the medium below the bottom surface If the thin film is between two different media, one of lower index than the film and one of higher index, the conditions for constructive and destructive interference are reversed ...
... The conditions are valid if the medium above the top surface is the same as the medium below the bottom surface If the thin film is between two different media, one of lower index than the film and one of higher index, the conditions for constructive and destructive interference are reversed ...
Figure 3.1: Schematic of experimental setup
... quarter-wave plate, iceland crystal w/rotary holder (SZ-48), beam expander (f’ = 4.5 mm), and two-axis mirror holder (SZ-07). Figure 3.6: Schematic of experimental setup Principle a) Brewster’s Angle When unpolarized light travels from a transparent medium with a refractive index ni to another one w ...
... quarter-wave plate, iceland crystal w/rotary holder (SZ-48), beam expander (f’ = 4.5 mm), and two-axis mirror holder (SZ-07). Figure 3.6: Schematic of experimental setup Principle a) Brewster’s Angle When unpolarized light travels from a transparent medium with a refractive index ni to another one w ...
08-Michelson
... Preliminary adjustments: Switch on the power supply for the sodium lamp with the current control in position 3. Adjust the current to approximately 0.9 A, but not exceeding this value. Place a small loop of wire to the right of the diffusing screen. Four images should be visible, two of which are mo ...
... Preliminary adjustments: Switch on the power supply for the sodium lamp with the current control in position 3. Adjust the current to approximately 0.9 A, but not exceeding this value. Place a small loop of wire to the right of the diffusing screen. Four images should be visible, two of which are mo ...
Acceleration of femtosecond pulses to superluminal velocities by
... scalar diffraction theory can be used if j@a@ f, where j is the wavelength, a is the radius of the diffracting aperture and f is focal length measured from the aperture. The scalar treatment yields a reasonably accurate description of the optical images up to Numerical Apertures (NA) as high as 0.6 ...
... scalar diffraction theory can be used if j@a@ f, where j is the wavelength, a is the radius of the diffracting aperture and f is focal length measured from the aperture. The scalar treatment yields a reasonably accurate description of the optical images up to Numerical Apertures (NA) as high as 0.6 ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Attenuation_and_phase_shift_of_electromagnetic_wave_propagating_in_medium_with_complex_index_of_refraction_n.png?width=300)
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).