![Role of the low-latitude ocean](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017935919_1-e8bd7f937b717f201380b6bcbb7e9c4e-300x300.png)
Role of the low-latitude ocean
... the discrepancy between the low-latitude sensitivity of box models and OGCMs. Archer et al. [2000b] suggested that diffusive mixing in OGCMs enhanced their low-latitude sensitivity, and showed that a 2-dimensional circulation model could be made to span the range of sensitivities of box models and O ...
... the discrepancy between the low-latitude sensitivity of box models and OGCMs. Archer et al. [2000b] suggested that diffusive mixing in OGCMs enhanced their low-latitude sensitivity, and showed that a 2-dimensional circulation model could be made to span the range of sensitivities of box models and O ...
Radiocarbon dating of late Quaternary sediments: reservoir
... It is now well known that radiocarbon dating of marine shell samples or marine mammal residue is skewed by the reservoir effect of the oceans. As a result, in most regions marine samples yield radiocarbon ages substantially older than those yielded by terrestrial samples. The 14C ages of marine foss ...
... It is now well known that radiocarbon dating of marine shell samples or marine mammal residue is skewed by the reservoir effect of the oceans. As a result, in most regions marine samples yield radiocarbon ages substantially older than those yielded by terrestrial samples. The 14C ages of marine foss ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 264:137
... was associated with water depth and the depth of the bottom mixed layer. C. finmarchicus C5 aggregated over the deepest water depths in both regions, and within these areas, right whales occurred where the bottom mixed layer forced discrete layers of C. finmarchicus C5 to occur shallower in the wate ...
... was associated with water depth and the depth of the bottom mixed layer. C. finmarchicus C5 aggregated over the deepest water depths in both regions, and within these areas, right whales occurred where the bottom mixed layer forced discrete layers of C. finmarchicus C5 to occur shallower in the wate ...
Evidence for strong sediment redistribution by bottom currents along
... interpretations originating in the signi"cant uncertainties related to the precise meaning of each tool, and to various processes altering the link between the surface productivity and the sedimentary record. For example, sediment redistribution by deep currents is a particularly signi"cant process, ...
... interpretations originating in the signi"cant uncertainties related to the precise meaning of each tool, and to various processes altering the link between the surface productivity and the sedimentary record. For example, sediment redistribution by deep currents is a particularly signi"cant process, ...
CCAMLR - Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition
... different environmental types, as well as pelagic and seafloor features such as seamounts, ridges and troughs. The proposal includes areas critical to the life-history stages of endemic species such as the Antarctic toothfish – the region’s top fish predator – and other predators. It encompasses the ...
... different environmental types, as well as pelagic and seafloor features such as seamounts, ridges and troughs. The proposal includes areas critical to the life-history stages of endemic species such as the Antarctic toothfish – the region’s top fish predator – and other predators. It encompasses the ...
Chapter 42 Cold-Water Corals
... latitude (70°N – 60°S). In this Chapter, we will focus on the corals found below 200 m, the average depth below which photosynthesis does not occur, to avoid overlap with other chapters. The term “corals” refers to a diverse group of species in the Phylum Cnidaria, including the scleractinian hard c ...
... latitude (70°N – 60°S). In this Chapter, we will focus on the corals found below 200 m, the average depth below which photosynthesis does not occur, to avoid overlap with other chapters. The term “corals” refers to a diverse group of species in the Phylum Cnidaria, including the scleractinian hard c ...
Report of the Working Group on Marine Habitat Mapping
... relating to management ToR (d) and the use of habitat mapping for monitoring (ToR e). Experts also presented statuses on both on national and international mapping projects (ToRs a) and b)). After reviewing the ToRs at the beginning of the meeting it was agreed that WGMHM should seek contributions t ...
... relating to management ToR (d) and the use of habitat mapping for monitoring (ToR e). Experts also presented statuses on both on national and international mapping projects (ToRs a) and b)). After reviewing the ToRs at the beginning of the meeting it was agreed that WGMHM should seek contributions t ...
PAME Progress Report on the Ecosystem Approach to Arctic Marine
... (sewage and river inputs) and ocean activities (oil and gas exploitation, shipping). Some of the pollution is global because of the long range transport of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metal contaminants via atmospheric and oceanic pathways. Not all cumulative impacts due to particle depo ...
... (sewage and river inputs) and ocean activities (oil and gas exploitation, shipping). Some of the pollution is global because of the long range transport of persistent organic pollutants and heavy metal contaminants via atmospheric and oceanic pathways. Not all cumulative impacts due to particle depo ...
Density-independent and -dependent habitat selection of
... elsewhere do not vary. In this case, local environmental effects favour an increase in local fish density. Dynamic D2—The area occupied by fish remains constant. An increase in population abundance is associated with an increase in fish density at all points, but density remains a constant proportio ...
... elsewhere do not vary. In this case, local environmental effects favour an increase in local fish density. Dynamic D2—The area occupied by fish remains constant. An increase in population abundance is associated with an increase in fish density at all points, but density remains a constant proportio ...
Paleoceanographical proxies based on deep-sea
... by the availability of food particles within the sediment, whereas in eutrophic systems a critical oxygen level decides down to what depth in the sediment most species can live (Figure 1). Some authors have suggested that oxygen concentration is not a major limiting factor for many taxa (e.g., Rathb ...
... by the availability of food particles within the sediment, whereas in eutrophic systems a critical oxygen level decides down to what depth in the sediment most species can live (Figure 1). Some authors have suggested that oxygen concentration is not a major limiting factor for many taxa (e.g., Rathb ...
Annex I. UNEA Resolution 1/6 Marine plastic debris and microplastics
... seas conventions and river commissions with a view to adopting such action plans in their regions; 11. Requests the Executive Director to support countries, upon their request, in the development and implementation of national or regional action plans to reduce marine litter; 12. Welcomes the initia ...
... seas conventions and river commissions with a view to adopting such action plans in their regions; 11. Requests the Executive Director to support countries, upon their request, in the development and implementation of national or regional action plans to reduce marine litter; 12. Welcomes the initia ...
Chapter 9 - Oceans @ Duke
... ecosystems: where energy from the deep seabed is the source of life Until the discovery of hydrothermal vents, benthic deep-sea ecosystems were assumed to be entirely heterotrophic, completely dependent on the input of sedimented organic matter produced in the euphotic surface layers from photosynth ...
... ecosystems: where energy from the deep seabed is the source of life Until the discovery of hydrothermal vents, benthic deep-sea ecosystems were assumed to be entirely heterotrophic, completely dependent on the input of sedimented organic matter produced in the euphotic surface layers from photosynth ...
progress in the implementation of the philippine national marine
... Municipal waters - include not only streams, lakes, inland bodies of water and tidal waters within the municipality which are not included within the protected areas as defined under Republic Act No. 7586 ( The NIPAS Law), public forest, timber lands, forest reserves or fishery reserves, but also ma ...
... Municipal waters - include not only streams, lakes, inland bodies of water and tidal waters within the municipality which are not included within the protected areas as defined under Republic Act No. 7586 ( The NIPAS Law), public forest, timber lands, forest reserves or fishery reserves, but also ma ...
The distribution of macrofauna on the inner continental
... The environmental heterogeneity of the Campos Basin on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State was assessed by the benthic macrofauna on the platform adjacent to the Paraíba do Sul River (PSR) on the dry and rainy seasons. The samples were collected in triplicate from 33 sites using a van Veen gr ...
... The environmental heterogeneity of the Campos Basin on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State was assessed by the benthic macrofauna on the platform adjacent to the Paraíba do Sul River (PSR) on the dry and rainy seasons. The samples were collected in triplicate from 33 sites using a van Veen gr ...
Modelling phytoplankton succession on the Bering
... Several years of continuous physical and biological anomalies have been affecting the Bering Sea shelf ecosystem starting from 1997. Such anomalies reached their peak in a striking visual phenomenon: the first appearance in the area of bright waters caused by massive blooms of the coccolithophore Emi ...
... Several years of continuous physical and biological anomalies have been affecting the Bering Sea shelf ecosystem starting from 1997. Such anomalies reached their peak in a striking visual phenomenon: the first appearance in the area of bright waters caused by massive blooms of the coccolithophore Emi ...
Selected Papers No.15
... layer resulting from the passage of low pressure. The fact that dilution mainly results from mixture with a lower layer shows, at the same time, that nutrients (including many originating in open seas) are supplied from a lower layer. Another finding is that relatively small plankton distributed in ...
... layer resulting from the passage of low pressure. The fact that dilution mainly results from mixture with a lower layer shows, at the same time, that nutrients (including many originating in open seas) are supplied from a lower layer. Another finding is that relatively small plankton distributed in ...
Courses PDF - Stony Brook University
... The removal of apex predators is one of the most pervasive impacts of humans on Earth's ecosystems. In the past few decades we have Pre- or corequisite: MAR 355 started to recognize how the loss of these species has caused substantial changes in DEC: K terrestrial ecosystem diversity and function, S ...
... The removal of apex predators is one of the most pervasive impacts of humans on Earth's ecosystems. In the past few decades we have Pre- or corequisite: MAR 355 started to recognize how the loss of these species has caused substantial changes in DEC: K terrestrial ecosystem diversity and function, S ...
A VISION FOR CIRCUMPOLAR PROTECTION
... Ocean. The AOA offers this report as a contribution to that ongoing effort with the hope of helping CCAMLR meet their 2012 goal. The AOA’s intention is to work with CCAMLR Members and their scientific bodies to develop appropriate protection for these unique and valuable ecosystems. This report does ...
... Ocean. The AOA offers this report as a contribution to that ongoing effort with the hope of helping CCAMLR meet their 2012 goal. The AOA’s intention is to work with CCAMLR Members and their scientific bodies to develop appropriate protection for these unique and valuable ecosystems. This report does ...
Antarctic Ocean Legacy: A Vision for Circumpolar
... Ocean. The AOA offers this report as a contribution to that ongoing effort with the hope of helping CCAMLR meet their 2012 goal. The AOA’s intention is to work with CCAMLR Members and their scientific bodies to develop appropriate protection for these unique and valuable ecosystems. This report does ...
... Ocean. The AOA offers this report as a contribution to that ongoing effort with the hope of helping CCAMLR meet their 2012 goal. The AOA’s intention is to work with CCAMLR Members and their scientific bodies to develop appropriate protection for these unique and valuable ecosystems. This report does ...
ZOOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE, COMMUNITY
... Keister and Peterson, 2003) and biomass (Brodeur and Ware, 1992). Biological processes such as top-down control by fish species are also known to affect zooplankton abundance, biomass and spatial distribution (e.g. in the Oyashio region of the North Pacific Tadokoro et al., 2005). In the GOA, small ...
... Keister and Peterson, 2003) and biomass (Brodeur and Ware, 1992). Biological processes such as top-down control by fish species are also known to affect zooplankton abundance, biomass and spatial distribution (e.g. in the Oyashio region of the North Pacific Tadokoro et al., 2005). In the GOA, small ...
Modelling the tides and their impacts on the vertical stratification
... amplitude (in absolute terms) was found inshore, at the widest part of the bank. From there, it decreased in a south-eastward direction. Figure 4a shows the elevation at high tide with the amplitude decreasing from 2.9 m at the coast at Beira to 1.9 m at the shelf edge. The maximum was located in th ...
... amplitude (in absolute terms) was found inshore, at the widest part of the bank. From there, it decreased in a south-eastward direction. Figure 4a shows the elevation at high tide with the amplitude decreasing from 2.9 m at the coast at Beira to 1.9 m at the shelf edge. The maximum was located in th ...
Review of the Current State of Development and the Potential for
... Many species of fish are associated with seamounts (Rogers, 1994) and some are well known for the huge aggregations they form over these features (orange roughy, for example). A study cited by Tracey et al. (2004) described 263 species of fish that were found on seamounts in the New Caledonian regio ...
... Many species of fish are associated with seamounts (Rogers, 1994) and some are well known for the huge aggregations they form over these features (orange roughy, for example). A study cited by Tracey et al. (2004) described 263 species of fish that were found on seamounts in the New Caledonian regio ...
- Aquatic Commons
... Finally as a newcomer to PICES meetings, I hope every one enjoys this meeting and would like to give many thanks to members of local organizing committee for their efforts. Thank you for attention. Dr. Wooster asked Dr. Jang Uk Lee to speak on behalf of the Republic of Korea Government. First of all ...
... Finally as a newcomer to PICES meetings, I hope every one enjoys this meeting and would like to give many thanks to members of local organizing committee for their efforts. Thank you for attention. Dr. Wooster asked Dr. Jang Uk Lee to speak on behalf of the Republic of Korea Government. First of all ...
Global Distribution, Composition and Abundance of Marine Litter
... may never actually enter the sea. Most surveys are done with a focus on cleaning, thereby missing proper classification of litter items. When studies are not dedicated to specific items, litter is categorized by the type of material, function or both. Studies record the numbers, some the mass of lit ...
... may never actually enter the sea. Most surveys are done with a focus on cleaning, thereby missing proper classification of litter items. When studies are not dedicated to specific items, litter is categorized by the type of material, function or both. Studies record the numbers, some the mass of lit ...
Marine-Policy 74:245-259 - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
... concurrent phosphorite mining. Impacts from climate change (e.g. deoxygenation) and ocean acidification) are likely as well in the relatively shallow waters at which this mining will take place Primary cumulative effects expected from seamount fisheries and other mining operations. Ocean acidificati ...
... concurrent phosphorite mining. Impacts from climate change (e.g. deoxygenation) and ocean acidification) are likely as well in the relatively shallow waters at which this mining will take place Primary cumulative effects expected from seamount fisheries and other mining operations. Ocean acidificati ...
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/North_Pacific_Subtropical_Convergence_Zone.jpg?width=300)
The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is the largest contiguous ecosystem on earth. In oceanography, a subtropical gyre is a ring-like system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere caused by the Coriolis Effect. They generally form in large open ocean areas that lie between land masses.The NPSG is the largest of the gyres as well as the largest ecosystem on our planet. Like other subtropical gyres, it has a high-pressure zone in its center. Circulation around the center is clockwise around this high-pressure zone. Subtropical gyres make up 40% of the Earth’s surface and play critical roles in carbon fixation and nutrient cycling. This particular gyre covers most of the Pacific Ocean and comprises four prevailing ocean currents: the North Pacific Current to the north, the California Current to the east, the North Equatorial Current to the south, and the Kuroshio Current to the west. Its large size and distance from shore has caused the NPSG to be poorly sampled and thus poorly understood.The life processes in open-ocean ecosystems are a sink for the atmosphere’s increasing CO2. Gyres make up a large proportion, approximately 75%, of what we refer to as the open ocean, or the area of the ocean that does not consist of coastal areas. They are considered oligotrophic, or nutrient poor because they are far from terrestrial runoff. These regions were once thought to be homogenous and static habitats. However, there is increasing evidence that the NPSG exhibits substantial physical, chemical, and biological variability on a variety of time scales. Specifically, the NPSG exhibits seasonal and interannual variations in primary productivity (simply defined as the production of new plant material), which is important for the uptake of CO2.The NPSG is not only a sink for CO2 in the atmosphere, but also other pollutants. As a direct result of this circular pattern, gyres act like giant whirlpools and become traps for anthropogenic pollutants, such as marine debris. The NPSG has become recognized for the large quantity of plastic debris floating just below the surface in the center of the gyre. This area has recently received a lot of media attention and is commonly referred to as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.