Polarization: The property of a radiated electromagnetic wave
... parameters of the earth are e2=9e0, µ2=µ0, σ2=10-1 S/m. Determine the variation of the conduction current density in the earth at the frequency of 1MHz. Ans: ...
... parameters of the earth are e2=9e0, µ2=µ0, σ2=10-1 S/m. Determine the variation of the conduction current density in the earth at the frequency of 1MHz. Ans: ...
CHAPTER 1 Wave Nature of Light
... • A spherical wave is described by a traveling field that emerges from a point EM source: ...
... • A spherical wave is described by a traveling field that emerges from a point EM source: ...
Chapter 6 – Optical Methods - Introduction
... From the solution above it can be concluded that the surfaces of constant phase are spheres. Indeed the arguments of the vectorial function will be the same for any possible direction of r in space. Also the Poynting vector will be radial and the corresponding energy will go down with 1/r2. The solu ...
... From the solution above it can be concluded that the surfaces of constant phase are spheres. Indeed the arguments of the vectorial function will be the same for any possible direction of r in space. Also the Poynting vector will be radial and the corresponding energy will go down with 1/r2. The solu ...
Review
... ! We can now substitute a sinusoidal form for the electric field and obtain an expression for the transmitted power per unit area ...
... ! We can now substitute a sinusoidal form for the electric field and obtain an expression for the transmitted power per unit area ...
What are electromagnetic waves?
... high-intensity electromagnetic waves. The electric field has an rms value of 2.0 × 109 N/C. Find the average power of each pulse that passes through a 1.6 × 10−5 − m2 surface that is perpendicular to the laser beam. Solution: P̄ = AS̄ ...
... high-intensity electromagnetic waves. The electric field has an rms value of 2.0 × 109 N/C. Find the average power of each pulse that passes through a 1.6 × 10−5 − m2 surface that is perpendicular to the laser beam. Solution: P̄ = AS̄ ...
Optical Properties of Minerals
... We can use a refractrometer to measure the angle. RELIEF AND BECKE LINES Isotropic minerals in liquid of the same R.I. disappear (unless they are distinctly colored) as their edges don’t stand out. If the grains have a significantly different R.I. than the liquids light will refract and reflec ...
... We can use a refractrometer to measure the angle. RELIEF AND BECKE LINES Isotropic minerals in liquid of the same R.I. disappear (unless they are distinctly colored) as their edges don’t stand out. If the grains have a significantly different R.I. than the liquids light will refract and reflec ...
PH204_LabManual_summ..
... capacitor slowly drains as the charge leaks to the surroundings. If the ends of the capacitor are connected, then the charge will immediately be balanced. Between these two extremes, the rate that the capacitor charges or discharges is a function of the resistance through which the charge must pass. ...
... capacitor slowly drains as the charge leaks to the surroundings. If the ends of the capacitor are connected, then the charge will immediately be balanced. Between these two extremes, the rate that the capacitor charges or discharges is a function of the resistance through which the charge must pass. ...
1 - gtbit
... 5. Explain why the wave nature of matter is not apparent in our daily observation? Justify with an example. 6. Electrons are accelerated by 844 Volt and are reflected from a crystal. The reflection maximum occurs when the glancing angle is 58°. Determine the crystal spacing. 7. A proton is accelerat ...
... 5. Explain why the wave nature of matter is not apparent in our daily observation? Justify with an example. 6. Electrons are accelerated by 844 Volt and are reflected from a crystal. The reflection maximum occurs when the glancing angle is 58°. Determine the crystal spacing. 7. A proton is accelerat ...
Topic 6: Electromagnetic Waves
... travels a distance equal to one wavelength. Since all e-m waves travel through a vacuum with speed c, we have this simple relation: l œ -X œ -Î0 (When e-m waves travel through material substances, their speed is less than - ; this can cause their direction of travel to change when they pass from one ...
... travels a distance equal to one wavelength. Since all e-m waves travel through a vacuum with speed c, we have this simple relation: l œ -X œ -Î0 (When e-m waves travel through material substances, their speed is less than - ; this can cause their direction of travel to change when they pass from one ...
WB P1 Energy for the home
... _______________ will emit these invisible waves. The _______________ the object is, the more it will emit. These waves can be shown using a _______________ where yellow and orange show areas which are _______________. When an object is cool, it will _______________ heat quickly if its surface is bla ...
... _______________ will emit these invisible waves. The _______________ the object is, the more it will emit. These waves can be shown using a _______________ where yellow and orange show areas which are _______________. When an object is cool, it will _______________ heat quickly if its surface is bla ...
Observation of light below Cerenkov threshold in a 1.5 meter long
... leave the counter. For any finite pressure, the identification of this light as transition radiation rather than Cerenkov radiation is in a sense a matter of nomenclature because the light is a coherent superposition of both effects. In this note we report on the observation of such light as an aspe ...
... leave the counter. For any finite pressure, the identification of this light as transition radiation rather than Cerenkov radiation is in a sense a matter of nomenclature because the light is a coherent superposition of both effects. In this note we report on the observation of such light as an aspe ...
unit 28: electromagnetic waves and polarization
... You use two retardation plates in this lab: a quarter-wave plate and a half-wave plate. Both plates are made of a clear plastic film whose index of refraction depends on the polarization direction of the light passing through it. The material has two perpendicular axes called the fast axis and the s ...
... You use two retardation plates in this lab: a quarter-wave plate and a half-wave plate. Both plates are made of a clear plastic film whose index of refraction depends on the polarization direction of the light passing through it. The material has two perpendicular axes called the fast axis and the s ...
Unit 2 Particles and Waves
... Physicists realised that there must be another particle in the nucleus to stop the positive protons exploding apart. This is the neutron which was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. This explained isotopes – elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Science now had an ...
... Physicists realised that there must be another particle in the nucleus to stop the positive protons exploding apart. This is the neutron which was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. This explained isotopes – elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Science now had an ...
Monday, February 8, 2010
... smaller wavelength than light, it has several orders of magnitude higher energy ...
... smaller wavelength than light, it has several orders of magnitude higher energy ...
Particles and Waves Summary Notes
... Physicists realised that there must be another particle in the nucleus to stop the positive protons exploding apart. This is the neutron which was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. This explained isotopes – elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Science now had an ...
... Physicists realised that there must be another particle in the nucleus to stop the positive protons exploding apart. This is the neutron which was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. This explained isotopes – elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Science now had an ...
The Promise of Plasmonics
... incandescent bulbs. Beginning in the 1980s, researchers recognized that the plasmonic enhancement of the electric field at the metal-dielectric boundary could increase the emission rate of luminescent dyes placed near the metal's surface. More recently, it has become evident that this type of field ...
... incandescent bulbs. Beginning in the 1980s, researchers recognized that the plasmonic enhancement of the electric field at the metal-dielectric boundary could increase the emission rate of luminescent dyes placed near the metal's surface. More recently, it has become evident that this type of field ...
Diffraction
Diffraction refers to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit. In classical physics, the diffraction phenomenon is described as the interference of waves according to the Huygens–Fresnel principle. These characteristic behaviors are exhibited when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength. Similar effects occur when a light wave travels through a medium with a varying refractive index, or when a sound wave travels through a medium with varying acoustic impedance. Diffraction occurs with all waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as visible light, X-rays and radio waves.Since physical objects have wave-like properties (at the atomic level), diffraction also occurs with matter and can be studied according to the principles of quantum mechanics. Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word ""diffraction"" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.While diffraction occurs whenever propagating waves encounter such changes, its effects are generally most pronounced for waves whose wavelength is roughly comparable to the dimensions of the diffracting object or slit. If the obstructing object provides multiple, closely spaced openings, a complex pattern of varying intensity can result. This is due to the addition, or interference, of different parts of a wave that travels to the observer by different paths, where different path lengths result in different phases (see diffraction grating and wave superposition). The formalism of diffraction can also describe the way in which waves of finite extent propagate in free space. For example, the expanding profile of a laser beam, the beam shape of a radar antenna and the field of view of an ultrasonic transducer can all be analyzed using diffraction equations.