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Psychology Chapter A - Oxford University Press
... Although you are not aware of it, your nervous system is made up of billions of interconnected cells that are constantly communicating with one another. In order to understand the different kinds of cells in the nervous system, you could consider a simple action such as washing a cup. When you want ...
... Although you are not aware of it, your nervous system is made up of billions of interconnected cells that are constantly communicating with one another. In order to understand the different kinds of cells in the nervous system, you could consider a simple action such as washing a cup. When you want ...
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... brain, during the working phase, for onwards analysis [8, 9]. Tootell et al. [10] have reported that middle temporal (MT) region of the brain responds selectively to moving (translating or rotating) and stationary visual stimuli. Howard et al. [11], have demonstrated the effectiveness of fMRI scan ...
... brain, during the working phase, for onwards analysis [8, 9]. Tootell et al. [10] have reported that middle temporal (MT) region of the brain responds selectively to moving (translating or rotating) and stationary visual stimuli. Howard et al. [11], have demonstrated the effectiveness of fMRI scan ...
Corticothalamic feedback and sensory processing
... markedly modified by feedback from the activated regions of cortex. The activation of a particular region of cortex leads to an initial assessment that the BF of that area of cortex is present in the sensory signal. By amplifying the responses of thalamic neurons that best encode the predicted signa ...
... markedly modified by feedback from the activated regions of cortex. The activation of a particular region of cortex leads to an initial assessment that the BF of that area of cortex is present in the sensory signal. By amplifying the responses of thalamic neurons that best encode the predicted signa ...
CHEMICAL SIGNALS AND VOMERONASAL SYSTEM FUNCTION
... female also shakes her tail while following, although not as consistently as does the male. After the female has followed the male for a brief period, the male pauses and lowers his cloacal area while vigorously shaking his abdomen and tail. He deposits a spermatophore on the substrate, and then mov ...
... female also shakes her tail while following, although not as consistently as does the male. After the female has followed the male for a brief period, the male pauses and lowers his cloacal area while vigorously shaking his abdomen and tail. He deposits a spermatophore on the substrate, and then mov ...
Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
... The modulation of caudate neural activity could instead be considered a kind of attentional modulation. However, this is conceptually different from the type of attention investigated in previous studies. Thus, the previous studies on attention1–3 were based on the ‘attend-versus-ignore’ comparison, ...
... The modulation of caudate neural activity could instead be considered a kind of attentional modulation. However, this is conceptually different from the type of attention investigated in previous studies. Thus, the previous studies on attention1–3 were based on the ‘attend-versus-ignore’ comparison, ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... frequency was changed in 0.10-kHz steps. In the 21st (last) block, no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was used to obtain a frequencyresponse curve (Fig. 3). To measure t ...
... frequency was changed in 0.10-kHz steps. In the 21st (last) block, no stimulus was presented in order to count background discharges. The duration of each block was 200 ms, so that the duration of the F scan was 4,200 ms. The F scan was used to obtain a frequencyresponse curve (Fig. 3). To measure t ...
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic
... SYNOPSIS. The phylogenetic origins of the lateral line electrosensory, lateral line mechanosensory, and auditory components of the octavolateralis system are unknown but each of these sensory modalities appears to have evolved early in vertebrate history. The octavolateralis terminal field occupies ...
... SYNOPSIS. The phylogenetic origins of the lateral line electrosensory, lateral line mechanosensory, and auditory components of the octavolateralis system are unknown but each of these sensory modalities appears to have evolved early in vertebrate history. The octavolateralis terminal field occupies ...
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... consideration of the stimuli that preceded or followed. Factors such as position in the sequence and the immediately preceding stimulus were evenly balanced. Figure 2 contains a 4 by 4 array of sets of raster displays. Sets within any column are responses to the same stimulus orientation. They diffe ...
... consideration of the stimuli that preceded or followed. Factors such as position in the sequence and the immediately preceding stimulus were evenly balanced. Figure 2 contains a 4 by 4 array of sets of raster displays. Sets within any column are responses to the same stimulus orientation. They diffe ...
A novel brain receptor is expressed in a distinct population of
... cell population. It was found that the receptor-expressing cells were located very close to the basal membrane of the epithelium; however, the cells extended a dendritic process to the epithelial surface and their axons projected into the main olfactory bulb where they converged onto two or three gl ...
... cell population. It was found that the receptor-expressing cells were located very close to the basal membrane of the epithelium; however, the cells extended a dendritic process to the epithelial surface and their axons projected into the main olfactory bulb where they converged onto two or three gl ...
Cranial Nerves: Assessment of Functions
... Ask the subject to stopper one ear canal with his or her finger while you test hearing in the other ear. At a distance of 50 cm directly lateral to the tested ear, whisper a two-digit number (e.g., 29, 35) and ask the subject to identify the number by writing it on a sheet of paper. Repeat the test ...
... Ask the subject to stopper one ear canal with his or her finger while you test hearing in the other ear. At a distance of 50 cm directly lateral to the tested ear, whisper a two-digit number (e.g., 29, 35) and ask the subject to identify the number by writing it on a sheet of paper. Repeat the test ...
Visual Properties of Neurons in a Polysensory Area in Superior
... complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of these units would even respond to a very small (< 1”) stimulus moving rapidly (>5O”/s) through a small portion of the peripheral visual field. The remaining neurons (30%, 59) responded best to particular stimuli. The most interesting of thes ...
... complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of these units would even respond to a very small (< 1”) stimulus moving rapidly (>5O”/s) through a small portion of the peripheral visual field. The remaining neurons (30%, 59) responded best to particular stimuli. The most interesting of thes ...
UNRAVELING THE SENSE OF SMELL
... The sense of smell is mediated by the olfactory system, a system that is characterized by exquisite sensitivity and discriminatory power. Even a slight change in the structure of an odorant can change its perceived odor. For example, the close relative of a chemical that is perceived as pear can hav ...
... The sense of smell is mediated by the olfactory system, a system that is characterized by exquisite sensitivity and discriminatory power. Even a slight change in the structure of an odorant can change its perceived odor. For example, the close relative of a chemical that is perceived as pear can hav ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
Ten unanswered questions in multimodal communication
... diagrammatic models will be discussed in the next section, question 2). In the development of mathematical models for proximate questions about multimodality, it would be helpful to design models that can predict how multimodal components could be combined or that can predict response outcomes of di ...
... diagrammatic models will be discussed in the next section, question 2). In the development of mathematical models for proximate questions about multimodality, it would be helpful to design models that can predict how multimodal components could be combined or that can predict response outcomes of di ...
Development of Structure and Sensitivity of the Fish Inner Ear
... Studies on the auditory system have provided an unmatched wealth of information related to the evolution and function of sensory systems in vertebrates. The comparative data obtained from different levels of the auditory system, from the peripheral to the central auditory system, is by far the riche ...
... Studies on the auditory system have provided an unmatched wealth of information related to the evolution and function of sensory systems in vertebrates. The comparative data obtained from different levels of the auditory system, from the peripheral to the central auditory system, is by far the riche ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building representations. ...
... Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building representations. ...
Auditory and Vestibular Systems Objective • To learn the functional
... patient by electrically stimulating this thalamic region. From the ventral posterior nucleus, vestibular information projects to two regions of the parietal lobe (NTA Fig. 7-10). One region is located in the posterior parietal cortex immediately caudal to the primary somatosensory cortex (termed ves ...
... patient by electrically stimulating this thalamic region. From the ventral posterior nucleus, vestibular information projects to two regions of the parietal lobe (NTA Fig. 7-10). One region is located in the posterior parietal cortex immediately caudal to the primary somatosensory cortex (termed ves ...
NAlab07_AuditVest
... patient by electrically stimulating this thalamic region. From the ventral posterior nucleus, vestibular information projects to two regions of the parietal lobe (NTA Fig. 7-10). One region is located in the posterior parietal cortex immediately caudal to the primary somatosensory cortex (termed ves ...
... patient by electrically stimulating this thalamic region. From the ventral posterior nucleus, vestibular information projects to two regions of the parietal lobe (NTA Fig. 7-10). One region is located in the posterior parietal cortex immediately caudal to the primary somatosensory cortex (termed ves ...
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... in which the amygdala merely represents the motivational significance of a stimulus in a valencenonspecific and spatial-nonspecific manner cannot explain these data due to the spatial dependence of these correlations. If an amygdala neuron merely represents motivational significance then correlation ...
... in which the amygdala merely represents the motivational significance of a stimulus in a valencenonspecific and spatial-nonspecific manner cannot explain these data due to the spatial dependence of these correlations. If an amygdala neuron merely represents motivational significance then correlation ...
Cranial Nerves: Assessment of Functions
... Ask the subject to stopper one ear canal with his or her finger while you test hearing in the other ear. At a distance of 50 cm directly lateral to the tested ear, whisper a two-digit number (e.g., 29, 35) and ask the subject to identify the number by writing it on a sheet of paper. Repeat the test ...
... Ask the subject to stopper one ear canal with his or her finger while you test hearing in the other ear. At a distance of 50 cm directly lateral to the tested ear, whisper a two-digit number (e.g., 29, 35) and ask the subject to identify the number by writing it on a sheet of paper. Repeat the test ...
functional classes of neurons in primary auditory cortex of the cat
... acoustic meatus with a probe microphone while presenting tones of constant frequency and varying the location of the sound source. The data plotted in Figures 8 and 9 are from an isolated cat head and neck. In this case, a small opening was made in the posterior aspect of the right pinna and a slit ...
... acoustic meatus with a probe microphone while presenting tones of constant frequency and varying the location of the sound source. The data plotted in Figures 8 and 9 are from an isolated cat head and neck. In this case, a small opening was made in the posterior aspect of the right pinna and a slit ...
Hearing, I: The Cochlea - American Journal of Neuroradiology
... cochlear recess, which lies on the medial wall of the vestibule (Fig 3). As these sound waves enter the perilymph of the scala vestibuli, they are transmitted through the vestibular membrane into the endolymph of the cochlear duct, causing displacement of the basilar membrane, which stimulates the h ...
... cochlear recess, which lies on the medial wall of the vestibule (Fig 3). As these sound waves enter the perilymph of the scala vestibuli, they are transmitted through the vestibular membrane into the endolymph of the cochlear duct, causing displacement of the basilar membrane, which stimulates the h ...
Visuospatial processing and the right
... (see Corballis et al., 1999b; Gazzaniga, 1970; Kosslyn, 1987 for similar arguments). 2.4. Visual perception as an intelligent process The task of the visual system is to represent objects and surfaces in the environment so as to allow interaction with, and navigation through, the world. The visual s ...
... (see Corballis et al., 1999b; Gazzaniga, 1970; Kosslyn, 1987 for similar arguments). 2.4. Visual perception as an intelligent process The task of the visual system is to represent objects and surfaces in the environment so as to allow interaction with, and navigation through, the world. The visual s ...
The auditory cortex
... being specialized for echolocation, process communication calls (Ohlemiller et al. 1994, 1996). Since the bat has only one auditory cortex to process all kinds of sounds, it is evident that some or all auditory cortical ®elds must work in several behavioral contexts, not only in the highly speci®c c ...
... being specialized for echolocation, process communication calls (Ohlemiller et al. 1994, 1996). Since the bat has only one auditory cortex to process all kinds of sounds, it is evident that some or all auditory cortical ®elds must work in several behavioral contexts, not only in the highly speci®c c ...