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Output filters for frequency converters
Output filters for frequency converters

... Sine-wave filters and output reactors are used on the load side of frequency converters and the motor currents flow through these components. They enable use of shielded motor cables 200 m in length and non-shielded motor cables that are 300 meters in length. Sine-wave filters filter the frequency c ...
Filtering Noise Frequencies Using Notch Filters
Filtering Noise Frequencies Using Notch Filters

... each circuit. This confirmation was necessary because the expected value of noise from the ambient light was different from what was expected (120 Hz versus 60 Hz). The filters actually did not notch at 120 Hz, but closer to 100 Hz: this was due in part to the percent error associated with the equat ...
MU-4 Lampowy Wzmacniacz Zintegrowany
MU-4 Lampowy Wzmacniacz Zintegrowany

... reach middle position (see attached picture). When lower - bias is too low, when higher – too high. After regulation BIAS TRIM switch has to be set in the middle position again. 7) Now MU-4 integrated amplifier is ready to use although full sound quality is achieved after c.a. 10 minutes. During thi ...
One Systems High Impedance Loudspeaker Basics V3
One Systems High Impedance Loudspeaker Basics V3

... Autoformers are similar to a transformer but instead of using two separate windings they employ a single winding with voltage taps at specific locations to provide either step up or step down conversions. Auto Transformers, or Autoformers, can offer high bandwidth and better low frequency response a ...
Capacitor Self
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... These questions deal with the non-idealities of the LM 741 op-amp. 2. Why is the load resistor (R L) of the LM 741 variable gain amplifier set at 1 kΩ? Calculate the max. output voltage swing if RL = 200 Ω. 3. The LM 741 is connected to a DC source of +12 V with RL = 1 kΩ. What is the maximum swing ...
One Systems High Impedance Loudspeaker Basics V4
One Systems High Impedance Loudspeaker Basics V4

Set 6A: Frequency Response (Part A)
Set 6A: Frequency Response (Part A)

...  V1 and V2 “feel” the impedance of Z only through I1 and I2  We can replace Z with any circuit as long as a current I1 flows out of V1 and a current I2 flows out of V2. V2 = A ⋅ V1 ...
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HRTF Measurements and Filter Design for a Headphone
HRTF Measurements and Filter Design for a Headphone

... in audio systems. The abbreviation for A-weighted decibels is dBA . Aside from A-weighting filter there are B,C and D filter which are used for louder noises such as aircraft noise. When we talk about acoustic measurements the dB SPL(sound pressure level) is used which is referenced to 20µP a = 0 dB ...
Physics 160 Lecture 16
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... Because it is very stable, multiple pairs of speakers can be connected directly to the amplifier's outputs (see Diagram #2) as long as the total impedance presented to the amplifier does not drop below 2.67 ohms. As an example, 3 pairs of 8 ohm speakers could be connected. If excessive demands are p ...
FMS6346 Six Channel, 6th-Order SD/HD Video Filter Driver Features
FMS6346 Six Channel, 6th-Order SD/HD Video Filter Driver Features

... required to obtain optimal performance from the output driver and is held at the minimum value to decrease the standing DC current into the load. Since the FMS6346 has a 2x (6dB) gain, the output is typically connected via a 75Ω-series back-matching resistor, followed by the 75Ω video cable. Due to ...
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AH PRE-1 Highend-Preamplifier - Andreas Hünnebeck`s private Seite
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... ranging in price up to 500 US$ you must strictly deny it: any DIY project would be much more expensive because this type of stereo equipment is produced very cheap in very large quantities. This changes however if you look at components which are made in small numbers where the price of the raw mate ...
A Highly Linear SAW-less CMOS Receiver Using a
A Highly Linear SAW-less CMOS Receiver Using a

... since there is 2dB of gain difference. The TIA provides 1.5MHz of 3dB cutoff frequency and the EFP mixer is designed to have an additional pole at 10MHz. As can be seen, the proposed mixer has 15dB more rejection at 45MHz offset, which is the Tx offset frequency in the CDMA CELL band. The performanc ...
wide bandwidth low cost saw notch filters
wide bandwidth low cost saw notch filters

... have been fabricated in the past with limited success. A prevailing problem has been stopband null depth and bandwidth versus a reasonably broad passband response. Typically, notch filters developed in the past have achieved either one or the other. Notch Filters using the Single Phase Unidirectiona ...
NTMB+ Instruction - Bartolini Pickups and Electronics
NTMB+ Instruction - Bartolini Pickups and Electronics

Tech Brief 3 - pro dg systems
Tech Brief 3 - pro dg systems

... sound levels. If we add signal processing capabilities to ensure reliable, maintainable and consistent performance we’ll achieve a high quality sound experience. What amplifier performance features should you look for and how will they effect the configuration of the entire system? Let’s first look ...
QSC Flexible Amplifier Summing Technology™
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FMS6346E Six-Channel, Selectable SD / HD Video Filter Driver with Disable
FMS6346E Six-Channel, Selectable SD / HD Video Filter Driver with Disable

... is required to obtain optimal performance from the output driver and is held at the minimum value to decrease the standing DC current into the load. Since the FMS6346E has a 2 x (6dB) gain, the output is typically connected via a 75Ω series back-matching resistor followed by the 75Ω video cable. Due ...
Instrumental Lecture 2
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Linearization of Monolithic LNAs Using Low- Frequency Low-Impedance Input Termination E. Larson2
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... very large capacitor value (typically several uF) is required. Since LNAs in many wireless systems are designed to have multiple gain modes, selecting such a large value capacitor in the LC trap significantly slows down the LNA gain switching due to the charging and discharging action of C through t ...
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Audio crossover



Audio crossovers are a class of electronic filter used in audio applications. Most individual loudspeaker drivers are incapable of covering the entire audio spectrum from low frequencies to high frequencies with acceptable relative volume and absence of distortion so most hi-fi speaker systems use a combination of multiple loudspeaker drivers, each catering to a different frequency band. Crossovers split the audio signal into separate frequency bands that can be separately routed to loudspeakers optimized for those bands.Active crossovers are distinguished from passive crossovers in that they divide the audio signal prior to amplification. Active crossovers come in both digital and analog varieties. Digital active crossovers often include additional signal processing, such as limiting, delay, and equalization.Signal crossovers allow the audio signal to be split into bands that are processed separately before they are mixed together again. Some examples are: multiband dynamics (compression, limiting, de-essing), multiband distortion, bass enhancement, high frequency exciters, and noise reduction such as Dolby A noise reduction.
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